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The book Rivers of Portugal: Communities, Processes and Alterations appears in a context in which it is recognized the great importance of rivers for the society and in which there is an intense scientific and technical development on the aquatic ecosystems in Portugal. In 17 chapters written by Portuguese researchers, it was intended to cover the various areas of research linked to rivers. Thus, this book begins with the fundamental physical aspects of rivers: hydrology and sedimentology. Eight chapters follow devoted to aquatic organisms: algae, fungi and bacteria, aquatic and riverine vegetation, invertebrates, fish, amphibians and reptiles, mammals, and birds. The following chapters address human activities that cause major changes in ecosystem quality, ecological monitoring, and restoration of degraded river sectors. The last chapters deal with the last section of a river, before the see, the estuaries, and the final one the thermo-mineral springs, environments closely linked to water courses.

Hydrology --- Bacteria --- Reptiles --- Secondary production --- Bioassessment --- Algae --- Rivers --- Birds --- Corse --- Fishes --- Primary production --- Mammals --- Fungi --- Aquatic organisms --- Plants --- Invertebrates --- Sediments --- Environmental alterations --- Amphibians --- Leaf litter decomposition

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Integrating biomass production of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs), with their use in environmental applications to produce income, sequester carbon, and clean the environment, provides an opportunity to enhance livelihoods and increase ecosystem services in rural and urban communities. This book consists of 20 papers from the special issue on the Growth and Development of SRWCs for Rural and Urban Applications highlighting four genera (Phalaris L., Populus L., Robinia L., Salix L.) from 13 countries. In addition to the development and management of a Salix cultivar database, rural and urban applications represented in the book included: a) forest buffers, b) forest health screening, c) phytoremediation, d) short rotation coppice, e) volume production, and f) wastewater reuse.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- cutback --- mulch --- Salix --- short-rotation coppice --- weed control --- woody biomass --- intensive silviculture --- Populus maximowiczii × P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa --- fast-growing tree species --- severe soil disturbance --- foliar nutrition --- soil inorganic N --- deer browsing --- short rotation coppice --- yield loss --- bioenergy plantation --- Populus --- renewable energy --- Populus × euramericana --- Lonsdalea populi --- canker diseases --- poplar diseases --- bacterial canker of poplars --- die-back of poplars --- MLSA --- short rotation coppice (SRC) --- biomass --- white poplar --- black locust --- monocultures --- mixture --- leaf litter --- SRC (Short Rotation Coppice) --- short rotation woody crops --- sustainability --- Mediterranean conditions --- management --- review --- fuelwood --- seasoning --- log diameter --- splitting --- heating value --- moisture content --- agroforestry --- red maple --- white ash --- trembling aspen --- fast growing trees --- poplar hybrids --- poplar clones --- tree height --- DBH --- stem volume --- yield --- Kyrgyzstan --- Kazakhstan --- Tajikistan --- ecosystem services --- multi-environmental trials (MET) --- phenotypic plasticity --- phyto buffers --- phyto-recurrent selection --- phytotechnologies --- poplars --- effluent water treatment --- short rotation coppice willow --- irrigation --- growth response --- biomass crops --- mineral content --- tree growth --- tree biomass --- volume forest stand --- thickness classes --- clonal selection --- genotype × environment (G × E) interactions --- evapotranspirative willow system --- resource recovery --- sustainable wastewater treatment --- oil sands reclamation --- end-pit lake --- balsam poplar --- salt tolerance --- Populus sp. --- bioenergy --- SRC --- financial analysis --- break-even-point --- net present value --- proof-of-concept: use case --- spreadsheet --- CSV file --- SQL --- database --- data integrity --- GitHub --- Linux --- poplar --- salt stress --- gene expression analyses --- radical scavenger capacity --- osmolytes --- cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta) --- stand density --- fertilizer application --- soil quality --- Melampsora rust --- energy crops --- land use --- reed canary grass (RCG) --- Phalaris arundinacea L. --- n/a

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Integrating biomass production of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs), with their use in environmental applications to produce income, sequester carbon, and clean the environment, provides an opportunity to enhance livelihoods and increase ecosystem services in rural and urban communities. This book consists of 20 papers from the special issue on the Growth and Development of SRWCs for Rural and Urban Applications highlighting four genera (Phalaris L., Populus L., Robinia L., Salix L.) from 13 countries. In addition to the development and management of a Salix cultivar database, rural and urban applications represented in the book included: a) forest buffers, b) forest health screening, c) phytoremediation, d) short rotation coppice, e) volume production, and f) wastewater reuse.

cutback --- mulch --- Salix --- short-rotation coppice --- weed control --- woody biomass --- intensive silviculture --- Populus maximowiczii × P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa --- fast-growing tree species --- severe soil disturbance --- foliar nutrition --- soil inorganic N --- deer browsing --- short rotation coppice --- yield loss --- bioenergy plantation --- Populus --- renewable energy --- Populus × euramericana --- Lonsdalea populi --- canker diseases --- poplar diseases --- bacterial canker of poplars --- die-back of poplars --- MLSA --- short rotation coppice (SRC) --- biomass --- white poplar --- black locust --- monocultures --- mixture --- leaf litter --- SRC (Short Rotation Coppice) --- short rotation woody crops --- sustainability --- Mediterranean conditions --- management --- review --- fuelwood --- seasoning --- log diameter --- splitting --- heating value --- moisture content --- agroforestry --- red maple --- white ash --- trembling aspen --- fast growing trees --- poplar hybrids --- poplar clones --- tree height --- DBH --- stem volume --- yield --- Kyrgyzstan --- Kazakhstan --- Tajikistan --- ecosystem services --- multi-environmental trials (MET) --- phenotypic plasticity --- phyto buffers --- phyto-recurrent selection --- phytotechnologies --- poplars --- effluent water treatment --- short rotation coppice willow --- irrigation --- growth response --- biomass crops --- mineral content --- tree growth --- tree biomass --- volume forest stand --- thickness classes --- clonal selection --- genotype × environment (G × E) interactions --- evapotranspirative willow system --- resource recovery --- sustainable wastewater treatment --- oil sands reclamation --- end-pit lake --- balsam poplar --- salt tolerance --- Populus sp. --- bioenergy --- SRC --- financial analysis --- break-even-point --- net present value --- proof-of-concept: use case --- spreadsheet --- CSV file --- SQL --- database --- data integrity --- GitHub --- Linux --- poplar --- salt stress --- gene expression analyses --- radical scavenger capacity --- osmolytes --- cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta) --- stand density --- fertilizer application --- soil quality --- Melampsora rust --- energy crops --- land use --- reed canary grass (RCG) --- Phalaris arundinacea L. --- n/a

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The 22 papers that make up this Special Issue deal with pathogen and pest impact on forest health, from the diagnosis to the surveillance of causative agents, from the study of parasites’ biological, epidemiological, and ecological traits to their correct taxonomy and classification, and from disease and pest monitoring to sustainable control strategies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- plant destroyers --- disease diagnosis --- RxLR-dEER --- soil-borne pathogen --- exclusivity --- inclusivity --- Phlebiopsis gigantea --- EF1α --- introns --- exons --- phylogenesis --- non-host attack --- post-epidemic --- facilitation --- endemic population strategies --- leaf baiting --- rDNA ITS regions --- soil --- water --- ITS clades --- Mediterranean vegetation --- ecology --- soil inhabitants --- aquatic species --- biodiversity --- bark beetles --- symbionts --- species assemblage --- beta diversity --- forest ecosystems --- Thaumetopoea pityocampa --- seasonal flight activity --- sexual pheromone traps --- Pinus sylvestris --- forest insect pest --- population suppression --- leaf litter --- forest management --- arthropods --- Norway spruce --- Heterobasidion root rot --- primary infection --- secondary infection --- first rotation forest --- afforestation --- Asian gypsy moth --- Lymantria dispar --- invasive species --- forest pests --- natural enemies --- aggregation pheromones --- pest management --- Mediterranean pine forests --- Emerald ash borer --- Agrilus planipennis --- post-invasion conditions --- insect traps --- prism trap --- Fraxinus americana --- DNA-based diagnostics --- LAMP --- Dothistroma needle blight --- ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species --- 16Sr group/subgroups --- PCR --- yellows diseases --- witches’ broom --- phloem discoloration --- die-back --- phytoplasma strains --- etiology --- eucalyptus little-leaf --- disease incidence --- Anoplophora chinensis --- temperature --- survival --- reproduction --- fecundity --- biocontrol --- bioinsecticide --- entomopathogen --- microbial --- ecosystem --- basidiospores --- conidia --- Heterobasidion spp. --- spore dispersal --- susceptibility --- wood discs --- Dothistroma septosporum --- Mycosphaerella pini --- loop-mediated isothermal amplification --- molecular diagnostics --- field-portable diagnostics --- Pinus nigra subsp. laricio --- forest health protection --- forest conservation --- Biscogniauxia mediterranea --- oak decline --- dieback --- Site of Community Importance (S.I.C.) --- tree competition --- warming conditions --- Diplodia tip blight --- Pinus densiflora --- plant diversity --- Sphaeropsis sapinea --- stand type --- vertical structure layer --- Heterobasidion --- carpophores --- fauna --- Tullgren funnels --- forest insects --- forest diseases --- diagnostics --- mitigation options --- citizen science --- fungi --- insects --- diagnosis --- surveillance --- disease and pest management --- plant destroyers --- disease diagnosis --- RxLR-dEER --- soil-borne pathogen --- exclusivity --- inclusivity --- Phlebiopsis gigantea --- EF1α --- introns --- exons --- phylogenesis --- non-host attack --- post-epidemic --- facilitation --- endemic population strategies --- leaf baiting --- rDNA ITS regions --- soil --- water --- ITS clades --- Mediterranean vegetation --- ecology --- soil inhabitants --- aquatic species --- biodiversity --- bark beetles --- symbionts --- species assemblage --- beta diversity --- forest ecosystems --- Thaumetopoea pityocampa --- seasonal flight activity --- sexual pheromone traps --- Pinus sylvestris --- forest insect pest --- population suppression --- leaf litter --- forest management --- arthropods --- Norway spruce --- Heterobasidion root rot --- primary infection --- secondary infection --- first rotation forest --- afforestation --- Asian gypsy moth --- Lymantria dispar --- invasive species --- forest pests --- natural enemies --- aggregation pheromones --- pest management --- Mediterranean pine forests --- Emerald ash borer --- Agrilus planipennis --- post-invasion conditions --- insect traps --- prism trap --- Fraxinus americana --- DNA-based diagnostics --- LAMP --- Dothistroma needle blight --- ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ species --- 16Sr group/subgroups --- PCR --- yellows diseases --- witches’ broom --- phloem discoloration --- die-back --- phytoplasma strains --- etiology --- eucalyptus little-leaf --- disease incidence --- Anoplophora chinensis --- temperature --- survival --- reproduction --- fecundity --- biocontrol --- bioinsecticide --- entomopathogen --- microbial --- ecosystem --- basidiospores --- conidia --- Heterobasidion spp. --- spore dispersal --- susceptibility --- wood discs --- Dothistroma septosporum --- Mycosphaerella pini --- loop-mediated isothermal amplification --- molecular diagnostics --- field-portable diagnostics --- Pinus nigra subsp. laricio --- forest health protection --- forest conservation --- Biscogniauxia mediterranea --- oak decline --- dieback --- Site of Community Importance (S.I.C.) --- tree competition --- warming conditions --- Diplodia tip blight --- Pinus densiflora --- plant diversity --- Sphaeropsis sapinea --- stand type --- vertical structure layer --- Heterobasidion --- carpophores --- fauna --- Tullgren funnels --- forest insects --- forest diseases --- diagnostics --- mitigation options --- citizen science --- fungi --- insects --- diagnosis --- surveillance --- disease and pest management