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Food, by nature, is a biological substrate and is therefore capable of supporting the growth of microbials that are potential producers of toxic compounds. Among them mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, plant toxins, cyanogenic glycosides, and toxins occurring in poisonous mushrooms pose not only a risk to both human and animal health but also impact food security and nutrition by reducing people’s access to healthy food. This book collects some of the recent key improvements of analytical methodologies for the detection of natural toxins and their metabolites in food, and highlights the challenges yet to be resolved. Special emphasis is given to emerging or less-investigated toxins, to provide the scientific community with new tools and/or data supporting a better understanding of related food safety issues.

Research & information: general --- citreoviridin --- antibody --- immunoassay --- rice --- amatoxins --- amanitins --- monoclonal antibodies --- ELISA --- death cap mushrooms --- LC-MS --- pyrrolizidine alkaloid --- honey --- Parsonsia straminea --- lycopsamine --- indicine --- Heliotropium amplexicaule --- two dimensional layered nanomaterials --- electrochemical biosensors --- microbial toxin detection --- antibodies --- aptamers --- lateral flow immunoassay --- point-of-care --- mushroom poisoning --- oleandrin --- LC-MS/MS --- plant toxins --- validation --- herbs --- urine --- Aflatoxin M1 --- milk --- strip test immunoassay --- method validation --- CBA-N2a --- standardization --- matrix effects --- absorbance data --- ciguatoxins --- brevetoxins --- saxitoxins --- biological sample --- seafood safety --- n/a

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Biosensors are analytical devices capable of providing quantitative or semi-quantitative information by using a biological recognition element and a transducer. Depending upon the nature of the recognition element, different surface sensitive techniques can be applied to monitor these molecular interactions. In order to increase sensitivities and to lower detection limits down to even individual molecules, nanomaterials are promising candidates. This is possible due to the potential to immobilize more bioreceptor units at reduced volumes and their ability to act as transduction elements by themselves. Among such nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and graphene are intensively studied. Biosensors provide rapid, real-time, accurate, and reliable information about the analyte under investigation and have been envisioned in a wide range of analytical applications, including medicine, food safety, bioprocessing, environmental/industrial monitoring, and electronics. A variety of biosensors, such as optical, spectroscopic, molecular, thermal, and piezoelectric, have been studied and applied in countless fields. In this book, examples of spectroscopic and optical biosensors and immunoassays are presented. Furthermore, two comprehensive reviews on optical biosensors are included

brain tumour diagnosis --- classification --- forward feature extraction algorithm --- intraoperative use --- Raman spectroscopy --- Raman probe --- SERS on ultrafine solid supports --- glass coverslips --- BPE --- thiol-DNA probe --- annealed gold nanostructures --- Brucella abortus --- Brucella melitensis --- Brucella suis --- optical fiber --- biosensor --- nucleotide probe --- light transmission --- diagnosis --- silver nanoparticles --- synthesis --- coating --- alloy --- core@shell --- LSPR --- biosensors --- water pollution --- environmental water --- drinking water --- milk --- heavy metal ions --- detection limits --- optical spectroscopy --- proteins --- functional nucleic acids --- flow-through immunoassay --- lateral flow immunoassay --- food allergen --- multiplex --- smartphone analysis --- carbon nanoparticle labeling

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Biosensors are analytical devices capable of providing quantitative or semi-quantitative information by using a biological recognition element and a transducer. Depending upon the nature of the recognition element, different surface sensitive techniques can be applied to monitor these molecular interactions. In order to increase sensitivities and to lower detection limits down to even individual molecules, nanomaterials are promising candidates. This is possible due to the potential to immobilize more bioreceptor units at reduced volumes and their ability to act as transduction elements by themselves. Among such nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, and graphene are intensively studied. Biosensors provide rapid, real-time, accurate, and reliable information about the analyte under investigation and have been envisioned in a wide range of analytical applications, including medicine, food safety, bioprocessing, environmental/industrial monitoring, and electronics. A variety of biosensors, such as optical, spectroscopic, molecular, thermal, and piezoelectric, have been studied and applied in countless fields. In this book, examples of spectroscopic and optical biosensors and immunoassays are presented. Furthermore, two comprehensive reviews on optical biosensors are included

Research & information: general --- brain tumour diagnosis --- classification --- forward feature extraction algorithm --- intraoperative use --- Raman spectroscopy --- Raman probe --- SERS on ultrafine solid supports --- glass coverslips --- BPE --- thiol-DNA probe --- annealed gold nanostructures --- Brucella abortus --- Brucella melitensis --- Brucella suis --- optical fiber --- biosensor --- nucleotide probe --- light transmission --- diagnosis --- silver nanoparticles --- synthesis --- coating --- alloy --- core@shell --- LSPR --- biosensors --- water pollution --- environmental water --- drinking water --- milk --- heavy metal ions --- detection limits --- optical spectroscopy --- proteins --- functional nucleic acids --- flow-through immunoassay --- lateral flow immunoassay --- food allergen --- multiplex --- smartphone analysis --- carbon nanoparticle labeling

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It is known today that more than 61% of human pathogens are zoonotic, representing 75% of all emerging pathogens during the past decade, presenting an increasing a matter of concern, particularly in modern days where global warming keeps is causing climatic conditions conducive to the introduction of exotic infectious agents or disease vectors in new territories. This book compiles studies that approach a myriad of zoonotic infectious diseases and their complex mechanisms. This is a brief but in-depth collection that showcases the need to address health at the animal–human–environment interface, in a One Health perspective.

trefoil factor family member 2 (TFF2) --- inflammation --- tissue repair --- zoonotic disease --- Panthera leo --- human health --- biosecurity --- wildlife farming --- wildlife trade --- disease transmission --- BRSV --- cattle --- isolation --- respiratory disorders --- sequencing --- avian influenza --- homologous vaccine --- heterologous vaccine --- broiler --- early infection --- bovine papillomavirus --- Egypt --- nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay --- PCR --- phylodynamic --- whole-genome sequencing (WGS) --- chicken --- antimicrobial resistance genes --- virulence genetic cluster --- schistosome --- Allobilharzia visceralis --- whooper swans --- obstructive phlebitis --- endosymbionts --- Hemolivia --- surveillance --- tortoises --- tick-borne pathogens --- ticks --- haemogregarines --- gamogony --- sporogony --- schizongony --- molecular analysis --- high-fat diet --- immunity --- damage --- mice --- Brazil --- HEV --- zoonotic --- One Health --- n/a

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Cellulose empowers measurement science and technology with a simple, low-cost, and highly transformative analytical platform. This book helps the reader to understand and build an overview of the state of the art in cellulose-based (bio)sensing, particularly in terms of the design, fabrication, and advantageous analytical performance. In addition, wearable, clinical, and environmental applications of cellulose-based (bio)sensors are reported, where novel (nano)materials, architectures, signal enhancement strategies, as well as real-time connectivity and portability play a critical role.

Research & information: general --- biosensing --- point-of-care --- photoluminescence --- portable devices --- miniaturization --- biosensors --- C-reactive protein --- carbon nanotubes --- electrospinning --- electrochemical impedance --- superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoflowers --- lateral flow immunoassays --- biosensor --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- paper device --- signal enhancement --- mercury ion --- colorimetric detection --- paper-based origami sensor --- three-dimensional microfluidic --- potentiometric --- carbon paste electrode --- biomarker --- carbon nanofiber --- cellulose --- diagnostics --- immunoassay --- lateral flow assays --- paper --- point-of-care testing --- troponin I --- nanobioengineering --- matrix design --- cytosensing --- human health --- SPIONs --- encapsulation --- PLGA --- lipid --- lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles --- lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) --- wearables --- paper microfluidics --- fabric microfluidics --- solid-state sensors --- electrochemical (bio)sensor --- clinical analysis --- paper sensors --- toxic substances --- biological receptors --- optical detection --- electrochemical methods --- rapid tests --- DNA --- enzyme --- antibody --- cell --- molecularly imprinted polymers --- lateral flow immunoassay --- carcinoembryonic antigen --- cancer diagnosis --- smartphone-based sensors --- biosensing --- point-of-care --- photoluminescence --- portable devices --- miniaturization --- biosensors --- C-reactive protein --- carbon nanotubes --- electrospinning --- electrochemical impedance --- superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoflowers --- lateral flow immunoassays --- biosensor --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- paper device --- signal enhancement --- mercury ion --- colorimetric detection --- paper-based origami sensor --- three-dimensional microfluidic --- potentiometric --- carbon paste electrode --- biomarker --- carbon nanofiber --- cellulose --- diagnostics --- immunoassay --- lateral flow assays --- paper --- point-of-care testing --- troponin I --- nanobioengineering --- matrix design --- cytosensing --- human health --- SPIONs --- encapsulation --- PLGA --- lipid --- lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles --- lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) --- wearables --- paper microfluidics --- fabric microfluidics --- solid-state sensors --- electrochemical (bio)sensor --- clinical analysis --- paper sensors --- toxic substances --- biological receptors --- optical detection --- electrochemical methods --- rapid tests --- DNA --- enzyme --- antibody --- cell --- molecularly imprinted polymers --- lateral flow immunoassay --- carcinoembryonic antigen --- cancer diagnosis --- smartphone-based sensors