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This report represents a synthesis of joint research conducted by the Development Research Center of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (DRC) and the World Bank. Building on the track record of research collaboration between the World Bank and the DRC on issues such as urbanization, the objective of the study is to provide Chinese policy makers with detailed institutional and policy options to support water security in the country. This study fills a critical gap highlighted in the World Bank 2013 China Country Water Resources Assistance Strategy by proposing legal, technical, and institutional changes to the current framework for water resource management. A new water governance approach is recommended that aims to balance economic growth with increasing water demand under conditions of water scarcity. By closely examining key water management issues in the context of China's rapid development, the study also aims to provide lessons relevant to other low- and middle-income countries facing similar water-related challenges. The report identifies five priority areas for reform: 1) Enhance the legislative foundation for water governance; 2) Strengthen national and basin-level water governance; 3) Improve and optimize economic policy instruments; 4) Strengthen adaptive capacity to climate and environmental change; and 5) Improve data collection and information-sharing.

Climate Change --- Integrated Water Resources Management --- Water Security

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Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has become a global paradigm for the governance of surface, coastal and groundwaters. This Special Issue contains twelve articles related to the transfer of IWRM policy principles. The articles explore three dimensions of transfer—causes, processes, outcomes—and offer a theoretically inspiring, methodologically rich and geographically diverse engagement with IWRM policy transfer around the globe. As such, they can also productively inform a future research agenda on the ‘dimensional’ aspects of IWRM governance. Regarding the causes, the contributions apply, criticise, extend or revise existing approaches to policy transfer in a water governance context, asking why countries adopt IWRM principles and what mechanisms are in place to understand the adoption of these principles in regional or national contexts. When it comes to processes, articles in this Special Issue unpack the process of policy transfer and implementation and explore how IWRM principles travel across borders, levels and scales. Finally, this set of papers looks into the outcomes of IWRM policy transfer and asks what impact IWRM principles, once implemented, gave on domestic water governance, water quality and water supply, and how effective IWRM is at addressing critical water issues in specific countries.

overfishing --- ocean governance --- integrated water resources management --- Cambodia --- environmental narratives --- England --- transitions --- nitrates --- coordination --- dam --- Integrated Urban Water Management --- local communities --- sustainable fishing --- governance models --- estuaries --- fisheries management --- integrated scientific support --- environmental governance --- niches --- policy coherence --- ecosystem-based management --- sustainability --- institutions --- conservation authorities --- river basin planning --- Turkey --- integrated water resources management (IWRM) --- water quality --- integrated catchment management --- water resource management --- Ontario --- drivers --- Germany --- Oregon --- participation --- watershed councils --- policy transfer --- Water Framework Directive --- Singapore --- urban water security --- Hong Kong --- lived experiences --- EU policy --- scale --- learning --- IWRM --- polycentricity --- agriculture --- process tracing --- policy implementation --- WFD --- pesticides --- visions --- drinking water --- Integrated Water Resources Management --- public participation --- catchment --- EU water framework directive --- agency --- governmentality --- implementation --- United Kingdom --- top-down and bottom-up --- Europeanisation --- water management regimes --- European Union --- environmental policy --- water governance --- governance

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Management of water resources in large rivers basins typically differs in important ways from management in smaller basins. While in smaller basins the focus of water resources management may be on project implementation, irrigation and drainage management, water use efficiency and flood operations; in larger basins, because of the greater complexity and competing interests, there is often a greater need for long-term strategic river basin planning across sectors and jurisdictions, and considering social, environmental, and economic outcomes. This puts a focus on sustainable development, including consumptive water use and non-consumptive water uses, such as inland navigation and hydropower. It also requires the consideration of hard or technical issues—data, modeling, infrastructure—as well as soft issues of governance, including legal frameworks, policies, institutions, and political economy. Rapidly evolving technologies could play a significant role in managing large basins. This Special Issue of Water traverses these hard and soft aspects of managing water resources in large river basins through a series of diverse case studies from across the globe that demonstrate recent advances in both technical and governance innovations in river basin management.

Research & information: general --- multi-objective competition mechanism --- cascade reservoirs operation --- copula function --- Pareto set --- hydropower --- dam --- damage --- ecosystem --- conservation measures --- environmental assessment --- environmental flows --- GIS --- integrated water resources management --- river basin planning --- Ganga River --- India --- participatory modelling --- conjunctive water use --- hydrologic modelling --- co-production --- development assistance --- hydrological modelling --- irrigation --- IWRM --- rational choice --- stakeholder participation --- scenario analysis --- water governance --- transboundary waters --- cooperation --- integrated water resource management --- Brahmaputra River Basin --- South Asia --- SMAP --- passive microwave soil moisture --- soil moisture downscaling --- digital platforms --- stakeholder engagement --- equitable water sharing --- UN watercourse convention --- international and transboundary rivers --- Nile River basin --- disruptive technology --- river basins --- large basins --- water security --- water resources management --- water data --- information technology --- analytics --- n/a

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Management of water resources in large rivers basins typically differs in important ways from management in smaller basins. While in smaller basins the focus of water resources management may be on project implementation, irrigation and drainage management, water use efficiency and flood operations; in larger basins, because of the greater complexity and competing interests, there is often a greater need for long-term strategic river basin planning across sectors and jurisdictions, and considering social, environmental, and economic outcomes. This puts a focus on sustainable development, including consumptive water use and non-consumptive water uses, such as inland navigation and hydropower. It also requires the consideration of hard or technical issues—data, modeling, infrastructure—as well as soft issues of governance, including legal frameworks, policies, institutions, and political economy. Rapidly evolving technologies could play a significant role in managing large basins. This Special Issue of Water traverses these hard and soft aspects of managing water resources in large river basins through a series of diverse case studies from across the globe that demonstrate recent advances in both technical and governance innovations in river basin management.

Research & information: general --- multi-objective competition mechanism --- cascade reservoirs operation --- copula function --- Pareto set --- hydropower --- dam --- damage --- ecosystem --- conservation measures --- environmental assessment --- environmental flows --- GIS --- integrated water resources management --- river basin planning --- Ganga River --- India --- participatory modelling --- conjunctive water use --- hydrologic modelling --- co-production --- development assistance --- hydrological modelling --- irrigation --- IWRM --- rational choice --- stakeholder participation --- scenario analysis --- water governance --- transboundary waters --- cooperation --- integrated water resource management --- Brahmaputra River Basin --- South Asia --- SMAP --- passive microwave soil moisture --- soil moisture downscaling --- digital platforms --- stakeholder engagement --- equitable water sharing --- UN watercourse convention --- international and transboundary rivers --- Nile River basin --- disruptive technology --- river basins --- large basins --- water security --- water resources management --- water data --- information technology --- analytics --- multi-objective competition mechanism --- cascade reservoirs operation --- copula function --- Pareto set --- hydropower --- dam --- damage --- ecosystem --- conservation measures --- environmental assessment --- environmental flows --- GIS --- integrated water resources management --- river basin planning --- Ganga River --- India --- participatory modelling --- conjunctive water use --- hydrologic modelling --- co-production --- development assistance --- hydrological modelling --- irrigation --- IWRM --- rational choice --- stakeholder participation --- scenario analysis --- water governance --- transboundary waters --- cooperation --- integrated water resource management --- Brahmaputra River Basin --- South Asia --- SMAP --- passive microwave soil moisture --- soil moisture downscaling --- digital platforms --- stakeholder engagement --- equitable water sharing --- UN watercourse convention --- international and transboundary rivers --- Nile River basin --- disruptive technology --- river basins --- large basins --- water security --- water resources management --- water data --- information technology --- analytics

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This reprint is related to land-use change and non-urban and urban relationships at all spatiotemporal scales and also focuses on land-use planning and regulatory strategies for a sustainable future. Spatiotemporal dynamics, socioeconomic implication, water supply problems and deforestation land degradation (e.g., increase of imperviousness surfaces) produced by urban expansion and their resource requirements are of particular interest. The Guest Editors expect that this reprint will contribute to sustainable development in non-urban and urban areas.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- land use/land cover change --- water recharge --- flooding --- meteorological forecast --- hydrological response --- IWRM --- best management practices --- watershed management --- experimental watershed study design --- municipal watershed --- adaptive management --- functional urban land --- urban space --- urban land use/cover change --- urbanization --- Changchun --- urban hydrology --- impervious surfaces --- land use scenarios --- urban surface growth --- hydrological model --- flood flows --- construction land development intensity --- construction land use benefit --- coupling and coordination relationship --- spatiotemporal evolution --- Lanzhou-Xining urban agglomeration --- land cover --- land use change --- downscaling approach --- Switzerland --- geographic information system --- aerial photo interpretation --- topographic map --- inverse distance weighting --- expert system --- village --- strategy --- development priorities --- land use --- land take --- urban agriculture --- land use planning --- zoning --- GI products --- integrated water resources management --- territory management --- future scenarios --- prospective analysis --- decision support system --- urban growth boundaries (UGBs) --- LULC change simulation --- multi-source big data --- SD model --- PLUS model --- county area --- Xinxing County