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Les virus HTLV (Human T-cell leukemia virus) et BLV (Bovine leukemia virus) sont des rétrovirus étroitement apparentés du genre Deltarétrovirus. Tous deux sont à l’origine de maladies hématologiques agressives et fatales ayant pour cibles les lymphocytes T (HTLV) et B (BLV). En outre, HTLV est également responsable d’une maladie inflammatoire (HAM/TSP). Ces virus ont pour particularité qu’ils présentent une période de latence au cours de laquelle les individus sont considérés comme porteurs asymptomatiques. Notre hypothèse de travail postule que les transcrits antisens sont impliqués dans la répression de la transcription sens, ce qui constitue une piste quant aux mécanismes associés à l’évasion immunitaire. Les objectifs de ce travail consistent à évaluer (1) l’interaction entre les ARNs rétroviraux antisens et la déméthylase spécifique de la lysine 1 (LSD1) et (2) leur effet sur la transactivation du promoteur viral par la protéine Tax. Les résultats révèlent l’existence d’une interaction entre LSD1 et les ARNs antisens de BLV et HTLV-2, ainsi qu’un effet répresseur de LSD1 et l’ARN antisens de HTLV-1 sur la transactivation du promoteur LTR. Ces recherches sont destinées à mieux comprendre les mécanismes associés à la latence virale. The viruses HTLV (Human T-cell leukemia virus) and BLV (Bovine leukemia virus) are closely related retroviruses classified in the genus Deltaretrovirus. Both are responsible for aggressive and fatal haematological diseases that target T-cells (HTLV) or B-cells (BLV). In addition, HTLV is also responsible for an inflammatory disease (HAM/TSP). Those viruses have the particular feature of having a latency stage during which individuals are considered as asymptomatic carriers. Our working hypothesis postulates that antisense transcripts are involved in the repression of the sense transcription, which constitutes a path of the mechanisms associated to immune escape. The objectives of this study are to evaluate (1) the interaction between the antisense retroviral RNAs and the lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and (2) their effect on the transactivation of the viral promoter by the viral protein Tax. Results show the existence of an interaction between LSD1 and the BLV/HTLV-2 antisense RNAs and a repressor effect of LSD1 and HTLV-1 antisense RNA on the transactivation of the LTR promoter. This research aims to lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with viral latency.

HTLV --- BLV --- LSD1 --- RNA-immunoprecipitation --- Sciences du vivant > Biochimie, biophysique & biologie moléculaire

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Drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics and drug interaction studies have been extensively carried out in order to secure the druggability and safety of new chemical entities throughout the development of new drugs. Recently, drug metabolism and transport by phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, respectively, as well as phase I drug metabolizing enzymes, have been studied. A combination of biochemical advances in the function and regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and automated analytical technologies are revolutionizing drug metabolism research. There are also potential drug–drug interactions with co-administered drugs due to inhibition and/or induction of drug metabolic enzymes and drug transporters. In addition, drug interaction studies have been actively performed to develop substrate cocktails that do not interfere with each other and a simultaneous analytical method of substrate drugs and their metabolites using a tandem mass spectrometer. This Special Issue has the aim of highlighting current progress in drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and bioanalysis.

human liver microsomes --- alcohol addiction --- UGT --- ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography --- adalimumab --- procainamide --- LC-MS/MS --- DA-9805 --- paeonol --- LC-QTOF-MS/MS --- YRA-1909 --- chlorogenic acid --- immunoprecipitation --- Eurycoma longifolia --- CYP --- caffeic acid --- rat --- pharmaceutical excipient --- Korean red ginseng extract --- Stauntonia hexaphylla leaf extract --- bioanalysis --- HPLC-MS/MS --- B6 --- eurycomanone --- bioavailability --- drying technology --- GB3 --- diclofenac --- 129-Glatm1Kul/J --- aglycone --- caffeic acid O-glucuronides --- organic anion transporting polypeptide --- protein precipitation --- metabolic stability --- Fabry disease --- biopharmaceuticals --- imperatorin --- neochlorogenic acid --- gastric ulcer --- saikosaponin a --- hair --- anthraquinone --- acetyl tributyl citrate --- pharmacokinetics --- brain distribution --- mematine --- ethyl glucuronide --- pharmacokinetic --- loxoprofen --- liquid chromatography-quadrupole TOF MS --- glucuronidation --- esomeprazole --- metformin --- cytochrome P450 --- glycoside --- AUDIT score --- protein stability --- efficacy --- LC-HR/MS --- cryptochlorogenic acid --- aceclofenac --- drug interaction --- liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry --- Osthenol --- plasma --- N-acetylprocainamide --- diabetes --- Drugs --- Metabolism. --- Drug metabolism --- Pharmacokinetics

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane and are naturally released from cells. This kind of cargo vessel is a nanostructure that mainly transfers lipids, proteins, various nucleic acid fragments, and metabolic components to neighboring cells or distant parts of the body through the circulatory system. EVs are of great significance to the communication mechanism between cells. This book collects feature articles to enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of EVs and their potential applications.

Medicine --- extracellular vesicle --- precision oncology --- cancer biomarker --- prostate cancer --- drug delivery --- extracellular vesicles --- lysosome --- nanocarriers --- ultrasound --- size exclusion chromatography --- differential ultracentrifugation --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) --- exosomes --- cancer --- biomarker --- diagnostic --- therapy --- liquid biopsy --- small extracellular vesicles (sEV) --- tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) --- melanoma cell-derived exosomes (MTEX) --- proteomics --- tumor microenvironment --- biomarkers --- ectosomes --- neoplasia --- microvesicles --- small extracellular vesicles --- isolation --- purification --- size-exclusion chromatography --- ultracentrifugation --- sucrose density cushion --- lymph node --- spleen --- solid tissue --- microvesicle --- exosome --- cancer therapeutic --- drug carrier --- flow cytometry --- immunophenotyping --- swarm detection --- tumor-associated macrophages --- macrophage polarization --- mannose receptor --- HIV-1 Nef --- glioblastoma --- microRNA --- immunoprecipitation --- CD44 --- human milk --- nutrient --- microbiota --- microRNAs --- nanocommunicator --- diagnostic biomarker --- drug delivery vehicle --- personalized cancer immunotherapy --- therapeutic agents --- cell-to-cell communication --- ionising radiation --- non-targeted effects --- signalling --- imaging flow cytometry --- biomarker reservoirs --- cancer diagnostics --- disease monitoring --- large EVs --- ovarian cancer cells --- ES-2 --- OAW-42 --- adipose tissue origin mesenchymal stem cells --- n/a

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane and are naturally released from cells. This kind of cargo vessel is a nanostructure that mainly transfers lipids, proteins, various nucleic acid fragments, and metabolic components to neighboring cells or distant parts of the body through the circulatory system. EVs are of great significance to the communication mechanism between cells. This book collects feature articles to enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of EVs and their potential applications.

Medicine --- extracellular vesicle --- precision oncology --- cancer biomarker --- prostate cancer --- drug delivery --- extracellular vesicles --- lysosome --- nanocarriers --- ultrasound --- size exclusion chromatography --- differential ultracentrifugation --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) --- exosomes --- cancer --- biomarker --- diagnostic --- therapy --- liquid biopsy --- small extracellular vesicles (sEV) --- tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) --- melanoma cell-derived exosomes (MTEX) --- proteomics --- tumor microenvironment --- biomarkers --- ectosomes --- neoplasia --- microvesicles --- small extracellular vesicles --- isolation --- purification --- size-exclusion chromatography --- ultracentrifugation --- sucrose density cushion --- lymph node --- spleen --- solid tissue --- microvesicle --- exosome --- cancer therapeutic --- drug carrier --- flow cytometry --- immunophenotyping --- swarm detection --- tumor-associated macrophages --- macrophage polarization --- mannose receptor --- HIV-1 Nef --- glioblastoma --- microRNA --- immunoprecipitation --- CD44 --- human milk --- nutrient --- microbiota --- microRNAs --- nanocommunicator --- diagnostic biomarker --- drug delivery vehicle --- personalized cancer immunotherapy --- therapeutic agents --- cell-to-cell communication --- ionising radiation --- non-targeted effects --- signalling --- imaging flow cytometry --- biomarker reservoirs --- cancer diagnostics --- disease monitoring --- large EVs --- ovarian cancer cells --- ES-2 --- OAW-42 --- adipose tissue origin mesenchymal stem cells --- extracellular vesicle --- precision oncology --- cancer biomarker --- prostate cancer --- drug delivery --- extracellular vesicles --- lysosome --- nanocarriers --- ultrasound --- size exclusion chromatography --- differential ultracentrifugation --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) --- exosomes --- cancer --- biomarker --- diagnostic --- therapy --- liquid biopsy --- small extracellular vesicles (sEV) --- tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) --- melanoma cell-derived exosomes (MTEX) --- proteomics --- tumor microenvironment --- biomarkers --- ectosomes --- neoplasia --- microvesicles --- small extracellular vesicles --- isolation --- purification --- size-exclusion chromatography --- ultracentrifugation --- sucrose density cushion --- lymph node --- spleen --- solid tissue --- microvesicle --- exosome --- cancer therapeutic --- drug carrier --- flow cytometry --- immunophenotyping --- swarm detection --- tumor-associated macrophages --- macrophage polarization --- mannose receptor --- HIV-1 Nef --- glioblastoma --- microRNA --- immunoprecipitation --- CD44 --- human milk --- nutrient --- microbiota --- microRNAs --- nanocommunicator --- diagnostic biomarker --- drug delivery vehicle --- personalized cancer immunotherapy --- therapeutic agents --- cell-to-cell communication --- ionising radiation --- non-targeted effects --- signalling --- imaging flow cytometry --- biomarker reservoirs --- cancer diagnostics --- disease monitoring --- large EVs --- ovarian cancer cells --- ES-2 --- OAW-42 --- adipose tissue origin mesenchymal stem cells

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Cellular Responses to Stress brings together a group of scientists who work on different but interrelated aspects of cellular stress responses. The book provides state-of-the-art information on the wide spectrum of ways in which cells can respond to different forms of stress induced by chemicals, oxidants, and DNA-damaging agents. Mechanisms are described that involve altered uptake and efflux of chemical agents, intracellular detoxification, and DNA damage responses. Many of these changes trigger a cascade of reactions mediated by stress-activated signaling pathways, which have the capacity to determine whether a cell will survive or die. The spectrum of topics covered in this book aims to provide a broad overview of our current knowledge of the different forms of adaptive response systems.It is hoped that this text will stimulate further research to establish the relative cellular role of specific response pathways and will enable us to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that allow cells to live or die. This book will be valued by university researchers at all levels, industrial scientists in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, and clinical researchers.Originally published in 1999.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Stress (Physiology) --- Cell metabolism --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Cells --- Metabolism --- Regulation --- AMPK. --- ASK1. --- Actin. --- Activation. --- Angiogenesis. --- Antibody. --- Antigen. --- Apoptosis. --- Autoimmunity. --- Autophosphorylation. --- C-Fos. --- C-Jun N-terminal kinases. --- C-terminus. --- Cell Cycle Arrest. --- Cell Line, Transformed. --- Cell cycle. --- Cell membrane. --- Cell migration. --- Cell surface receptor. --- Cellular differentiation. --- Cellular stress response. --- Conformational change. --- Cytochrome P450. --- Cytokine receptor. --- Cytokine. --- Cytotoxicity. --- DNA-PKcs. --- Drug metabolism. --- Ectopic expression. --- Effector (biology). --- Endonuclease. --- Enzyme. --- Epidermal growth factor receptor. --- Epidermal growth factor. --- Extracellular signal–regulated kinases. --- Fibroblast growth factor. --- Gene expression. --- Gene therapy. --- Gene. --- Germinal center. --- Glutathione S-transferase. --- HMG-CoA reductase. --- Heat shock. --- Histidine kinase. --- Hormone-sensitive lipase. --- Hsp27. --- Immortalised cell line. --- Immunodeficiency. --- Immunoglobulins. --- Immunoprecipitation. --- In vitro. --- Inducer. --- Inflammation. --- Jurkat cells. --- Kinase. --- Lymphotoxin. --- Macrophage colony-stimulating factor. --- Mechanism of action. --- Mechanistic target of rapamycin. --- Metabolism. --- Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. --- Mitogen-activated protein kinase. --- Mitogen. --- Mitosis. --- Model organism. --- Neuropeptide. --- Neurotoxin. --- Osmotic shock. --- Oxidative phosphorylation. --- Oxidative stress. --- P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. --- Pathogenesis. --- Peptide. --- Peroxidase. --- Phosphatase. --- Phosphoinositide 3-kinase. --- Phosphorylation cascade. --- Phosphorylation. --- Post-translational modification. --- Protease. --- Protein kinase. --- Protein phosphorylation. --- Protein synthesis inhibitor. --- Protein. --- Proteolysis. --- RNA interference. --- Receptor (biochemistry). --- Receptor tyrosine kinase. --- Repressor. --- Response element. --- Signal transduction. --- Ternary Complex Factors. --- Thrombin. --- Transcription factor. --- Transcriptional regulation. --- Transfection. --- Transposable element. --- Tumor necrosis factor superfamily. --- Turgor pressure. --- Vascular endothelial growth factor.