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There is overwhelming evidence, from laboratory experiments, observations, and computational studies, that coherent structures can cause intermittent transport, dramatically enhancing transport. A proper description of this intermittent phenomenon, however, is extremely difficult, requiring a new non-perturbative theory, such as statistical description. Furthermore, multi-scale interactions are responsible for inevitably complex dynamics in strongly non-equilibrium systems, a proper understanding of which remains a main challenge in classical physics. As a remarkable consequence of multi-scale interaction, a quasi-equilibrium state (the so-called self-organisation) can however be maintained. This special issue aims to present different theories of statistical mechanics to understand this challenging multiscale problem in turbulence. The 14 contributions to this Special issue focus on the various aspects of intermittency, coherent structures, self-organisation, bifurcation and nonlocality. Given the ubiquity of turbulence, the contributions cover a broad range of systems covering laboratory fluids (channel flow, the Von Kármán flow), plasmas (magnetic fusion), laser cavity, wind turbine, air flow around a high-speed train, solar wind and industrial application.

non-locality --- hybrid (U)RANS-LES --- channel flow --- thermodynamics --- Lévy noise --- non-local theory --- low speed streaks --- drop breakage --- pipe flow boundary layer --- bifurcation --- Langevin equation --- attached and separated flows --- anomalous diffusion --- kinetic theory --- stochastic processes --- self-organisation --- spatiotemporal chaos --- chaos --- bifurcations --- turbulent flow --- Lyapunov theory --- Rushton turbine --- turbulence --- intermittency --- information length --- denoise --- microcavity laser --- free vortex wake --- IDDES methodology --- local intermittency --- control strategy --- population balance equation --- Tsallis entropy --- coherent structures --- Fokker-Planck equation --- energy cascade --- fluid dynamics --- high efficiency impeller --- fractals --- large eddy simulation --- shear flows --- heat transport --- multifractal --- drop coalescence --- continuous wavelet transform --- T-junction --- scaling properties --- floating wind turbine --- scaling --- fractional Fokker–Plank equation --- magnetic confinement fusion --- multi-scale problem --- coherent structure --- solar wind --- trailing-edge flap --- turbulent transition --- turbulent boundary layer --- complex dynamics --- statistical mechanics

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This Special Issue comprises 12 papers from authors in 10 countries with new insights on the close coupling between magma as an energy and fluid source with hydrothermal systems for the primary control of magmatic behavior. Data and interpretation are provided on the rise of magma through a hydrothermal system, the relative timing of magmatic and hydrothermal events, the temporal evolution of supercritical aqueous fluids associated with ore formation, the magmatic and meteoric contributions of water to the systems, the big picture for the highly active Krafla Caldera, Iceland, as well as the implications of results from drilling at Krafla concerning the magma–hydrothermal boundary. Some of the more provocative concepts are that magma can intrude a hydrothermal system silently, that coplanar and coeval seismic events signal “magma fracking” beneath active volcanoes, that intrusive accumulations may far outlast volcanism, that arid climate favors formation of large magma chambers, and that even relatively dry rhyolite magma can rapidly convect and so lack a crystallizing mush roof. A shared theme is that hydrothermal and magmatic reservoirs need to be treated as a single system.

Research & information: general --- la soufrière --- guadeloupe --- volcanic gas --- volcanic unrest --- hydrothermal gas --- multigas --- extensometry --- Krafla volcano --- geothermal systems --- conceptual models --- volcanology --- magma --- hydrothermal --- fracking --- volcanoes --- Kamchatka --- igneous petrology --- tectonics --- heat flow --- glaciation --- climate --- incremental pluton emplacement --- contact metamorphism --- petrochronology --- titanite --- zircon --- U-Pb dating --- thermometry --- hydrothermal fluids --- incremental intrusion --- hydrothermal fluid --- microstructure --- dissolution --- precipitation --- textural coarsening --- alteration --- porosity --- eruption --- fracture --- permeability --- dome emplacement --- hydrothermal system --- RSAM --- tremor --- gliding spectral lines --- White Island --- phreatic eruptions --- geyser --- Uzon --- CO2 --- TOUGH2 --- modeling --- Kirishima volcano group --- Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano --- geothermal activity --- multiple hydrothermal system --- magmatic hydrothermal eruption --- kick upwelling --- Erdenet Cu–Mo deposit --- cathodoluminescence --- supercritical fluid --- transient fluid pressure --- magmatic-hydrothermal system --- fluid inclusion --- magma energy --- magma convection --- heat flux --- geothermal energy --- magma–hydrothermal --- heat transport --- gas and fluid geochemistry --- phreatic eruption --- volcano monitoring --- geophysical imaging --- drilling

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Thank you for reaching for this book. It is a summary of the research presented at the 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources (ICORES19), which took place in Krynica, Poland, in June 2019. This event is the most recognizable scientific meeting connected to RES in Poland. From the very beginning, this conference has been a unique occasion for gathering Polish and international researchers’ perspectives on renewable energy sources and balancing them against governmental policy considerations. Accordingly, the conference has also offered panels to discuss best practices and solutions with local entrepreneurs and federal government bodies. The meeting attracts not only scientists but also industry representatives, as well as local and federal government personnel. We are open to new and fresh ideas concerning renewable energy, which is why so many scientists from Central and Eastern Europe visit Krynica to discuss the “Green Future” of this region. In 2019, the conference was organized by the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in cooperation with the AGH University of Science and Technology (Krakow), the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, the University of Žilina, the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR) and the Polish Society of Agricultural Engineering. Honorary auspices were made by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, the rector of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, the rector of the AGH University of Science and Technology and the rector of the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya.

disc-mill --- efficiency --- carbon dioxide --- rice --- corn --- grinding --- refuse-derived fuel --- refuse-derived fuel (RDF) --- pellets --- durability --- density --- die --- design --- CFD --- combustion simulation --- stove --- thermal measurements --- cylindrical LED light coat --- tracking lighting --- photosynthetic microorganisms --- photobioreactor --- algae --- thermosiphon --- anti-gravity --- bubble pump --- solar collector --- passive heat transport --- exploitation of energy sources --- heating and ventilation systems --- pollutant emissions --- reduction of pollutant emissions --- single-family houses --- spent coffee grounds --- sawdust --- calorific value --- combustion --- laboratory-scale efficiency --- industrial-scale efficiency --- biomass conversion --- Biochemical Methane Potential Correction Coefficient --- loss prevention --- finite element modeling --- thermal imbalance of the ground source --- small-scale thermal energy storage --- FEFLOW --- ground source heat pump --- Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) --- decision support system --- briquettes production --- willow --- Miscanthus --- artificial neural network --- multilayer perceptron --- drying --- compaction --- biomass --- mechanical durability --- specific density --- Scots pine --- biogas --- renewable energy --- poultry slaughterhouse waste --- management --- pressure compaction --- moisture content --- solid density --- Cup plant --- Virginia mallow --- Giant miscanthus --- perennial biomass --- greenhouse gases --- agriculture --- slow release fertilizers --- Chinese cabbage

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This Special Issue comprises 12 papers from authors in 10 countries with new insights on the close coupling between magma as an energy and fluid source with hydrothermal systems for the primary control of magmatic behavior. Data and interpretation are provided on the rise of magma through a hydrothermal system, the relative timing of magmatic and hydrothermal events, the temporal evolution of supercritical aqueous fluids associated with ore formation, the magmatic and meteoric contributions of water to the systems, the big picture for the highly active Krafla Caldera, Iceland, as well as the implications of results from drilling at Krafla concerning the magma–hydrothermal boundary. Some of the more provocative concepts are that magma can intrude a hydrothermal system silently, that coplanar and coeval seismic events signal “magma fracking” beneath active volcanoes, that intrusive accumulations may far outlast volcanism, that arid climate favors formation of large magma chambers, and that even relatively dry rhyolite magma can rapidly convect and so lack a crystallizing mush roof. A shared theme is that hydrothermal and magmatic reservoirs need to be treated as a single system.

Research & information: general --- la soufrière --- guadeloupe --- volcanic gas --- volcanic unrest --- hydrothermal gas --- multigas --- extensometry --- Krafla volcano --- geothermal systems --- conceptual models --- volcanology --- magma --- hydrothermal --- fracking --- volcanoes --- Kamchatka --- igneous petrology --- tectonics --- heat flow --- glaciation --- climate --- incremental pluton emplacement --- contact metamorphism --- petrochronology --- titanite --- zircon --- U-Pb dating --- thermometry --- hydrothermal fluids --- incremental intrusion --- hydrothermal fluid --- microstructure --- dissolution --- precipitation --- textural coarsening --- alteration --- porosity --- eruption --- fracture --- permeability --- dome emplacement --- hydrothermal system --- RSAM --- tremor --- gliding spectral lines --- White Island --- phreatic eruptions --- geyser --- Uzon --- CO2 --- TOUGH2 --- modeling --- Kirishima volcano group --- Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano --- geothermal activity --- multiple hydrothermal system --- magmatic hydrothermal eruption --- kick upwelling --- Erdenet Cu–Mo deposit --- cathodoluminescence --- supercritical fluid --- transient fluid pressure --- magmatic-hydrothermal system --- fluid inclusion --- magma energy --- magma convection --- heat flux --- geothermal energy --- magma–hydrothermal --- heat transport --- gas and fluid geochemistry --- phreatic eruption --- volcano monitoring --- geophysical imaging --- drilling

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Comprehensive understanding of surface water and groundwater interaction is essential for effective water resources management. Groundwater and surface water are closely connected components that constantly interact with each other within the Earth’s hydrologic cycle. Many studies utilized observations to explain the surface water and groundwater interactions by carefully analyzing the behavior of surface water features (streams, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, and estuaries) and the related aquifer environments. However, unlike visible surface water, groundwater, an invisible water resource, is not easy to measure or quantify directly. Nevertheless, demand for groundwater that is highly resilient to climate change is growing rapidly. Furthermore, groundwater is the prime source for drinking water supply and irrigation, and hence critical to global food security. Groundwater needs to be managed wisely, protected, and especially sustainably used. However, this task has become a challenge to many hydrologic systems in arid to even humid regions because of added stress caused by changing environment, climate, land use, population growth, etc. In this issue, the editors present contributions on various research areas such as the integrated surface water and groundwater analysis, sustainable management of groundwater, and the interaction between surface water and groundwater. Methodologies, strategies, case studies as well as quantitative techniques for dealing with combined surface water and groundwater management are of interest for this issue.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- groundwater-surface water interaction --- analytical --- numerical --- FEMME --- STRIVE --- MODFLOW --- Long Short-Term Memory --- groundwater level prediction --- groundwater withdrawal impact --- groundwater level variation --- machine learning --- integrated surface water and groundwater analysis --- climate change --- hydraulic fracturing --- construction of well pads --- MIKE-SHE --- MIKE-11 --- northwestern Alberta --- SWAT+ --- groundwater --- modeling --- groundwater–surface water interactions --- rainwater harvesting --- climate variability --- small island developing states --- improved water governance --- national sustainable development plans --- SDG6 --- community participation --- drinking water supply --- water supply scheme --- surface water/groundwater interactions --- managed aquifer recharge --- induced riverbank filtration --- groundwater resource management --- water curtain cultivation --- surface–groundwater interaction --- water budget analysis --- Nera River --- carbonate aquifer --- recession curves --- seismic sequence --- permafrost hydrology --- Russian Arctic --- water tracks --- hydrological connectivity --- stable water isotopes --- dissolved organic carbon --- electrical resistivity tomography --- taliks --- flood --- surface and groundwater interactions --- HEIFLOW --- Managed Aquifer Recharge --- groundwater tracer --- heat transport --- surface–ground-water interactions --- infiltration basin --- groundwater hydrology --- young water fraction --- global meteoric water line --- northern Italian Apennines --- stakeholder participation --- surface water-groundwater interaction --- scenario modelling --- integrated water management --- agent-based modelling --- SimCopiapo --- water balance --- water table fluctuation method --- irrigated pastures --- deep percolation --- aquifer recharge --- clay soils --- flood irrigation --- water management --- surface water --- n/a --- groundwater-surface water interactions --- surface-groundwater interaction --- surface-ground-water interactions