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Dissertation
Phytoextraction d'un sol de jardin potager contaminé en éléments traces et effets d'amendements organiques sur leur mobilité et leur disponibilité
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

Contexte Les sols de potagers urbains et périurbains sont des systèmes complexes encore peu étudiés jusqu’à aujourd’hui et sont souvent le reflet des activités industrielles actuelles et passées. La présence d’éléments traces dans les sols n’est pas un problème à minimiser compte tenu des transferts sol - plante possibles, mettant à mal à la sécurité de la chaîne alimentaire. En réponse à cette problématique, la phytoextraction gagne en succès comme perspective de décontamination plus respectueuse de l’environnement et moins impactante sur le plan économique.
Objectifs Les objectifs de ce travail sont : i) étudier l’effet de la présence d’une plante extractrice, Helianthus annuus L. ou Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, sur la capacité de Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris, en culture associée, à extraire les formes mobiles des éléments traces présents dans un sol multi-contaminé urbain, ii) identifier le potentiel stabilisateur ou mobilisateur de l’ajout de compost de déchets verts et de biochar sur les formes mobiles ou facilement disponibles des éléments traces présents dans le sol, iii) évaluer les impacts de l’ajout de compost de déchets verts et de biochar sur la capacité des végétaux cultivés à extraire les éléments traces.
Méthodes Une expérience en pots et en champ a été mise en place sur une période de 14 semaines. L’expérience in situ a pris place dans un jardin potager, le Potager Saint – Germain, situé à Soiron (Province de Liège, Belgique) sur cinq zones dont l’horizon cultivé (0 – 20 cm) présente des niveaux de contamination différents en Zn, Cd et Pb. Le sol utilisé dans les pots provenait d’une de ces dernières. Les expérimentations consistent en une culture associée entre du tournesol ou de la moutarde et des bettes, sur un sol préalablement amendé avec du compost de déchets verts ou du biochar. La fraction soluble, disponible et pseudo-totale en éléments traces dans le sol ainsi que le pH et le COT ont été quantifiés. Les teneurs retrouvées dans la biomasse aérienne des plantes récoltées ont également été mesurées.
Résultats De manière générale, la présence d’une plante extractrice n’a pas permis de diminuer les teneurs accumulées par les bettes en deçà des valeurs seuils pour la commercialisation de ces dernières. Aucun des deux amendements organiques n’a conduit à une diminution systématique des teneurs solubles en Zn, Cd et Pb dans les sols. Cependant, le compost de déchets verts a limité les teneurs en Zn et Cd accumulées par les bettes. La culture associée a conduit à une importante disparité de biomasse produite par ces dernières à laquelle s’ajoute, en pots, un faible développement global des plantes dû à l’espace limité disponible.
Conclusions La variabilité visible dans les résultats ainsi que les divergences existantes entre l’essai en pots et en champ nécessitent l’établissement de nouvelles expérimentations pour mieux comprendre le comportement des interactions entre les contaminants, le sol et les plantes. La capacité extractrice de la moutarde brune ainsi que les effets bénéfiques des amendements organiques n’ont pas pu être mis systématiquement en évidence. Le caractère dynamique et évolutif des sols montre le besoin d’essais sur le long terme de manière à pouvoir mettre en évidence des tendances générales. L’urbanisation croissante combinée à la part d’autoconsommation grandissante de produits cultivés en ville poussent à continuer d’investiguer la présence d’éléments traces dans les sols et les techniques de remédiation.


Book
Underutilised Resources in Urban Environments
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book is the result of a Special Issue of the journal Resources. The Special Issue was initiated to identify promising solutions and specific challenges in the context of underused resources in urban environments. Authors focus on two main areas: the establishment of circular economy schemes based on valorizing wastes that occur in urban areas and the exploitation of renewable energies. The circular economy and renewable resources hold key potential for increasing the sustainability of cities, and the presented studies enhance our understanding of how to unlock this potential. Effective regulatory frameworks and policymaking processes that balance the power between stakeholders are required to successfully manage energy transition and the transition to more circular economies. The positive role of community engagement merits high attention. To recover valuable resources from household waste, a focus on technology and infrastructure is required but is insufficient; motivational factors and knowledge of citizens are the most essential elements. The need to more reliably quantify and better characterize recyclable material streams also evidently remains, especially where population numbers are further growing. This book provides a rich source to explore promising solutions, challenges, and research needed for the sound management of resources in urban settings.


Book
Underutilised Resources in Urban Environments
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

This book is the result of a Special Issue of the journal Resources. The Special Issue was initiated to identify promising solutions and specific challenges in the context of underused resources in urban environments. Authors focus on two main areas: the establishment of circular economy schemes based on valorizing wastes that occur in urban areas and the exploitation of renewable energies. The circular economy and renewable resources hold key potential for increasing the sustainability of cities, and the presented studies enhance our understanding of how to unlock this potential. Effective regulatory frameworks and policymaking processes that balance the power between stakeholders are required to successfully manage energy transition and the transition to more circular economies. The positive role of community engagement merits high attention. To recover valuable resources from household waste, a focus on technology and infrastructure is required but is insufficient; motivational factors and knowledge of citizens are the most essential elements. The need to more reliably quantify and better characterize recyclable material streams also evidently remains, especially where population numbers are further growing. This book provides a rich source to explore promising solutions, challenges, and research needed for the sound management of resources in urban settings.


Book
Underutilised Resources in Urban Environments
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

This book is the result of a Special Issue of the journal Resources. The Special Issue was initiated to identify promising solutions and specific challenges in the context of underused resources in urban environments. Authors focus on two main areas: the establishment of circular economy schemes based on valorizing wastes that occur in urban areas and the exploitation of renewable energies. The circular economy and renewable resources hold key potential for increasing the sustainability of cities, and the presented studies enhance our understanding of how to unlock this potential. Effective regulatory frameworks and policymaking processes that balance the power between stakeholders are required to successfully manage energy transition and the transition to more circular economies. The positive role of community engagement merits high attention. To recover valuable resources from household waste, a focus on technology and infrastructure is required but is insufficient; motivational factors and knowledge of citizens are the most essential elements. The need to more reliably quantify and better characterize recyclable material streams also evidently remains, especially where population numbers are further growing. This book provides a rich source to explore promising solutions, challenges, and research needed for the sound management of resources in urban settings.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- source separation of waste --- waste management --- household waste --- polymer recycling --- sustainable development --- Lagos megacity --- value chain --- waste-to-wealth --- city planning --- Energiewende --- post-Brexit --- renewable energy systems --- resource-use policy --- sustainable energy transitions --- underutilised resources --- waste cooking oil --- recycling --- biodiesel --- non-fuel use --- regulatory promotion --- circular economy --- European horse chestnut --- seed coat --- additive --- antioxidant --- proanthocyanidins --- UV spectrum --- extraction --- size exclusion chromatography --- polyphenols --- renewable energy --- energy transition --- energy policies --- urban energy --- particle size reduction --- pre-treatment --- shredding --- mechanical–biological treatment --- bioprocessing --- wastewater management --- environmental sustainability --- waste resources --- household solid waste (HSW) --- waste composition analysis --- waste generation rate --- solid waste measurement --- remote sensing --- building type --- garden waste arising --- green waste --- yard waste --- home composting --- backyard burning --- municipal and public service engineering --- urban resources --- resource management --- sustainable urbanisation --- community engagement --- solid waste recycling --- energy governance --- policy-making --- source separation of waste --- waste management --- household waste --- polymer recycling --- sustainable development --- Lagos megacity --- value chain --- waste-to-wealth --- city planning --- Energiewende --- post-Brexit --- renewable energy systems --- resource-use policy --- sustainable energy transitions --- underutilised resources --- waste cooking oil --- recycling --- biodiesel --- non-fuel use --- regulatory promotion --- circular economy --- European horse chestnut --- seed coat --- additive --- antioxidant --- proanthocyanidins --- UV spectrum --- extraction --- size exclusion chromatography --- polyphenols --- renewable energy --- energy transition --- energy policies --- urban energy --- particle size reduction --- pre-treatment --- shredding --- mechanical–biological treatment --- bioprocessing --- wastewater management --- environmental sustainability --- waste resources --- household solid waste (HSW) --- waste composition analysis --- waste generation rate --- solid waste measurement --- remote sensing --- building type --- garden waste arising --- green waste --- yard waste --- home composting --- backyard burning --- municipal and public service engineering --- urban resources --- resource management --- sustainable urbanisation --- community engagement --- solid waste recycling --- energy governance --- policy-making

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