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Citrus fruit industry --- Citrus --- Grapefruit --- Lemon --- Oranges --- Diseases and pests --- Control

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New approaches to deal with the growing concern associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria are in great demand. For many years, antibiotics have widely been employed to treat infections. However, their excessive consumption and misuse have accelerated the rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, which constitute a major challenge to global health. The antibiotic crisis is now a general concern; therefore, alternative biomolecules or drug delivery systems to treat infections are urgently needed. From natural extracts to traditional medicine remedies, to newly engineered nanocapsules and nanoparticles, to bio-based, biodegradable delivery platforms, many systems to fight infections are explored in this book.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- nanoparticles --- 4-Nerolidylcatechol --- antifungals --- Microsporum canis --- polycaprolactone --- nanoprecipitation --- silver nanoparticles --- green synthesis method --- Catharanthus roseus --- Azadirachta indica --- multidrug-resistant bacteria --- wound healing --- nosocomial infection --- plant extract --- grapefruit seed extract --- antibacterial activity --- fiber-hydrogel composite --- biodegradable polymers --- skin regeneration --- drug delivery platforms --- controlled release --- tetramycin --- antimicrobial activity --- kiwifruit disease --- conventional antibiotics --- storage quality --- gold nanoparticles --- flavonoids --- Gram-negative bacteria --- DNA gyrase --- in silico --- multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) --- hypertonic saline --- antibiotics --- biofilm --- aerosol delivery --- ultrahigh-throughput screening --- live biosensors --- antibiotic discovery --- gram-negative pathogens --- microfluidic droplet cocultivation --- efficient promoters --- polymyxins --- colistin biosynthetic gene cluster --- single cell --- multi-omics --- quercetin --- magnesium-doped calcium silicate --- osteogenic activity --- bone regeneration and nanofiber scaffold --- bulk-tank milk --- mastitis --- methicillin --- milk --- goat --- somatic cell counts --- staphylococcus --- tetracycline --- total bacterial counts --- prosthetic joint infection --- local prevention --- allicin --- chitosan --- Sphaerotheca sp. --- antibiotic --- Rosa roxburghii --- cyclic diphenylphosphonate --- quinoline --- DNA gyrase inhibitor --- molecular docking --- magnesium ion --- nanoparticles --- 4-Nerolidylcatechol --- antifungals --- Microsporum canis --- polycaprolactone --- nanoprecipitation --- silver nanoparticles --- green synthesis method --- Catharanthus roseus --- Azadirachta indica --- multidrug-resistant bacteria --- wound healing --- nosocomial infection --- plant extract --- grapefruit seed extract --- antibacterial activity --- fiber-hydrogel composite --- biodegradable polymers --- skin regeneration --- drug delivery platforms --- controlled release --- tetramycin --- antimicrobial activity --- kiwifruit disease --- conventional antibiotics --- storage quality --- gold nanoparticles --- flavonoids --- Gram-negative bacteria --- DNA gyrase --- in silico --- multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) --- hypertonic saline --- antibiotics --- biofilm --- aerosol delivery --- ultrahigh-throughput screening --- live biosensors --- antibiotic discovery --- gram-negative pathogens --- microfluidic droplet cocultivation --- efficient promoters --- polymyxins --- colistin biosynthetic gene cluster --- single cell --- multi-omics --- quercetin --- magnesium-doped calcium silicate --- osteogenic activity --- bone regeneration and nanofiber scaffold --- bulk-tank milk --- mastitis --- methicillin --- milk --- goat --- somatic cell counts --- staphylococcus --- tetracycline --- total bacterial counts --- prosthetic joint infection --- local prevention --- allicin --- chitosan --- Sphaerotheca sp. --- antibiotic --- Rosa roxburghii --- cyclic diphenylphosphonate --- quinoline --- DNA gyrase inhibitor --- molecular docking --- magnesium ion

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The sensation of flavor reflects the complex integration of aroma, taste, texture, and chemesthetic (oral and nasal irritation cues) from a food or food component. Flavor is a major determinant of food palatability—the extent to which a food is accepted or rejected—and can profoundly influence diet selection, nutrition, and health. Despite recent progress, gaps in knowledge still remain regarding how taste and flavor cues are detected at the periphery, conveyed by the brainstem to higher cortical levels, and then interpreted as a conscious sensation. Taste signals are also projected to central feeding centers where they can regulate hunger and fullness. Individual differences in sensory perceptions are also well known and can arise from genetic variation, environmental causes, or a variety of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Genetic taste/smell variation could predispose individuals to these same diseases. Recent findings have opened new avenues of inquiry, suggesting that fatty acids and carbohydrates may provide nutrient-specific signals informing the gut and brain of the nature of the ingested nutrients. This Special Issue, Taste, Nutrition, and Health, presents original research communications and comprehensive reviews on topics of broad interest to researchers and educators in sensory science, nutrition, physiology, public health, and health care.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- acceptability --- food development --- sensory attributes --- CATA --- dietotherapy --- aromas --- linoleic acid --- gustation --- hedonic --- BDNF --- fat taste --- c-Fos --- Zif-268 --- Glut-1 --- sweeteners --- sugar reduction --- psychophysical dose-response --- sweetness growth rate --- sweetness potency --- cross-cultural --- food liking --- sensory --- questionnaire --- fMRI --- caffeine --- taste --- memory --- sensory evaluation --- tea --- EGCG --- hedonics --- sweet taste --- psychophysics --- nutrition --- diet --- threshold --- intensity --- liking --- sweetness --- taste test --- individual differences --- classification method --- taste perception --- umami --- carbohydrate --- sweet --- salt --- bitter --- physical activity --- basic tastes --- taste reception --- smell --- dysgeusia --- burning sensation --- halitosis --- saliva --- caries --- primary Sjögren’s syndrome --- non-SS sicca syndrome --- sweet liking --- fat liking --- e-cigarettes --- body mass index --- dietary behaviors --- tobacco --- cigarettes --- chronic smoking --- electrophysiological recording from human tongue --- fat perception --- CD36 --- PROP tasting --- grapefruit --- consumer --- naringin --- aroma --- color --- satiety --- tastants --- food intake --- intraduodenal infusion --- intraileal infusion --- overweight --- weight management --- Obesity --- eating behavior --- prebiotics --- microbiota --- sex differences --- biopsychosocial --- children --- brain imaging --- smell sensitivity --- olfaction --- staircase --- QUEST --- choice --- familiarity --- PROP --- food neophobia --- sensitivity to disgust --- sensitivity to punishment --- vegetables --- caffeinated beverages --- bitterness --- astringency --- taste preference questionnaire --- validation --- European children --- adolescents --- adults --- genetics --- food preferences --- heritability --- candidate gene --- GWAS --- adiposity --- polygenic risk score --- n/a --- primary Sjögren's syndrome

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Plants have served mankind as an important source of foods and medicines. While we all consume plants and their products for nutritional support, a majority of the world population also rely on botanical remedies to meet their health needs, either as their own “traditional medicine” or as “complementary and alternative medicine”. From a pharmaceutical point of view, many compounds obtained from plant sources have long been known to possess bio/pharmacological activities, and historically, plants have yielded many important drugs for human use, from morphine discovered in the early nineteenth century to the more recent paclitaxel and artemisinin. Today, we are witnessing a global resurgence in interest and use of plant-based therapies and botanical products, and natural products remain an important and viable source of lead compounds in many drug discovery programs.This Special Issue on “Plant Natural Products for Human Health” compiles a series of scientific reports to demonstrate the medicinal potentials of plant natural products. It covers a range of disease targets, such as diabetes, inflammation, cancer, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, liver damage, bacterial, and fungus infection and malarial. These papers provide important insights into the current state of research on drug discovery and new techniques. It is hoped that this Special Issue will serve as a timely reference for researchers and scholars who are interested in the discovery of potentially useful molecules from plant sources for health-related applications.

PhGs --- bitter orange --- immunomodulator --- A549 cells --- bergapten --- triptolide --- BMP/Smad --- phytochemicals --- antioxidant enzymes --- kumquat --- MTT assay --- HepaRG cells --- human health --- nanoparticles --- dendritic cells --- drug discovery --- biofilm --- catechin --- antitubercular activity --- Panax notoginseng saponins --- animals --- mouse-hair growth --- A? --- curcumin --- WNT/?-catenin --- copaiba --- AD --- Plasmodium parasites --- traditional medicine --- procyanidin A2 --- PET inhibition --- rheumatoid arthritis --- cannabinoid type 1 receptor --- iridoids --- inflammatory bowel disease --- acute liver injury --- human-hair-follicle dermal papilla cells --- Neuroprotective --- dihydromyricetin --- AMPK --- thromboembolism --- ginseng --- drug design and development --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- mitogen-activated protein kinase --- Nrf2 --- prenylated flavonoids --- inflammation --- preclinical studies --- plants --- dietary supplements --- Glycyrrhiza uralensis --- aspirin --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- P. eryngii --- reperfusion --- ethnopharmacology --- glucans --- innovation --- hpatoprotection --- hinokitiol --- phytocannabinoid --- antistaphylococcal activity --- Shh/Gli --- green tea --- sesquiterpenoids --- adjuvant-induced arthritis --- yuzu --- hepatotoxicity --- p53/Bax --- Keap1 --- nuclear factor-kappaB --- oxidative stress --- pharmacokinetic study --- cinnamamides --- toxicity --- APAP --- Astragali Radix --- computational softwares --- plant natural product --- onion --- anti-malaria activity --- lipogenesis --- bleeding time --- diterpenoids --- Penthorum chinense Pursh --- myocardial hypertrophy --- automation --- adjuvant --- grapefruit --- melanoma cell --- essential oil --- sweet orange --- Amadori rearrangement compounds --- heme oxygenase --- global health --- calorie restriction --- bergamot --- liposomes --- EGCG --- celastrol --- herb–drug interactions --- cannabigerol --- anti-inflammation --- OH· free radical --- molecular targets --- gluconeogenesis --- microbiome --- SIRT1 --- fucoidan --- heart --- PC12 cells --- acetaminophen --- omics --- time-kill assay --- arthritis --- lychee seed --- bioinformatics --- structure–activity relationship --- precision medicine --- orange petitgrain --- immune modulation --- antiproliferation --- flavonoids --- scoulerine --- oleoresin --- triterpenic acids --- Cannabis sativa --- NAFLD --- biological activity --- differentiation --- oxygen consumption rate --- mitochondrial bioenergetics --- neroli --- apoptosis --- targeted delivery --- platelet activation --- protein kinase --- heat-process --- hepatic steatosis --- hyperglycemia --- natural products --- lemon --- genistein --- neuroinflammation --- astragaloside IV --- cytoxicity --- flavonoid --- paracetamol --- medicinal plants --- insulin resistance --- resveratrol --- mandarin --- garlic --- TGF-? --- morin hydrate --- sirtuin 3 --- MMPs --- gomisin N --- lime --- Ziziphus jujuba --- antifungal activity --- ischemia --- migration --- caspases --- small molecules --- PhGs --- bitter orange --- immunomodulator --- A549 cells --- bergapten --- triptolide --- BMP/Smad --- phytochemicals --- antioxidant enzymes --- kumquat --- MTT assay --- HepaRG cells --- human health --- nanoparticles --- dendritic cells --- drug discovery --- biofilm --- catechin --- antitubercular activity --- Panax notoginseng saponins --- animals --- mouse-hair growth --- A? --- curcumin --- WNT/?-catenin --- copaiba --- AD --- Plasmodium parasites --- traditional medicine --- procyanidin A2 --- PET inhibition --- rheumatoid arthritis --- cannabinoid type 1 receptor --- iridoids --- inflammatory bowel disease --- acute liver injury --- human-hair-follicle dermal papilla cells --- Neuroprotective --- dihydromyricetin --- AMPK --- thromboembolism --- ginseng --- drug design and development --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- mitogen-activated protein kinase --- Nrf2 --- prenylated flavonoids --- inflammation --- preclinical studies --- plants --- dietary supplements --- Glycyrrhiza uralensis --- aspirin --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- P. eryngii --- reperfusion --- ethnopharmacology --- glucans --- innovation --- hpatoprotection --- hinokitiol --- phytocannabinoid --- antistaphylococcal activity --- Shh/Gli --- green tea --- sesquiterpenoids --- adjuvant-induced arthritis --- yuzu --- hepatotoxicity --- p53/Bax --- Keap1 --- nuclear factor-kappaB --- oxidative stress --- pharmacokinetic study --- cinnamamides --- toxicity --- APAP --- Astragali Radix --- computational softwares --- plant natural product --- onion --- anti-malaria activity --- lipogenesis --- bleeding time --- diterpenoids --- Penthorum chinense Pursh --- myocardial hypertrophy --- automation --- adjuvant --- grapefruit --- melanoma cell --- essential oil --- sweet orange --- Amadori rearrangement compounds --- heme oxygenase --- global health --- calorie restriction --- bergamot --- liposomes --- EGCG --- celastrol --- herb–drug interactions --- cannabigerol --- anti-inflammation --- OH· free radical --- molecular targets --- gluconeogenesis --- microbiome --- SIRT1 --- fucoidan --- heart --- PC12 cells --- acetaminophen --- omics --- time-kill assay --- arthritis --- lychee seed --- bioinformatics --- structure–activity relationship --- precision medicine --- orange petitgrain --- immune modulation --- antiproliferation --- flavonoids --- scoulerine --- oleoresin --- triterpenic acids --- Cannabis sativa --- NAFLD --- biological activity --- differentiation --- oxygen consumption rate --- mitochondrial bioenergetics --- neroli --- apoptosis --- targeted delivery --- platelet activation --- protein kinase --- heat-process --- hepatic steatosis --- hyperglycemia --- natural products --- lemon --- genistein --- neuroinflammation --- astragaloside IV --- cytoxicity --- flavonoid --- paracetamol --- medicinal plants --- insulin resistance --- resveratrol --- mandarin --- garlic --- TGF-? --- morin hydrate --- sirtuin 3 --- MMPs --- gomisin N --- lime --- Ziziphus jujuba --- antifungal activity --- ischemia --- migration --- caspases --- small molecules

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Plants have served mankind as an important source of foods and medicines. While we all consume plants and their products for nutritional support, a majority of the world population also rely on botanical remedies to meet their health needs, either as their own “traditional medicine” or as “complementary and alternative medicine”. From a pharmaceutical point of view, many compounds obtained from plant sources have long been known to possess bio/pharmacological activities, and historically, plants have yielded many important drugs for human use, from morphine discovered in the early nineteenth century to the more recent paclitaxel and artemisinin. Today, we are witnessing a global resurgence in interest and use of plant-based therapies and botanical products, and natural products remain an important and viable source of lead compounds in many drug discovery programs.This Special Issue on “Plant Natural Products for Human Health” compiles a series of scientific reports to demonstrate the medicinal potentials of plant natural products. It covers a range of disease targets, such as diabetes, inflammation, cancer, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, liver damage, bacterial, and fungus infection and malarial. These papers provide important insights into the current state of research on drug discovery and new techniques. It is hoped that this Special Issue will serve as a timely reference for researchers and scholars who are interested in the discovery of potentially useful molecules from plant sources for health-related applications.

PhGs --- bitter orange --- immunomodulator --- A549 cells --- bergapten --- triptolide --- BMP/Smad --- phytochemicals --- antioxidant enzymes --- kumquat --- MTT assay --- HepaRG cells --- human health --- nanoparticles --- dendritic cells --- drug discovery --- biofilm --- catechin --- antitubercular activity --- Panax notoginseng saponins --- animals --- mouse-hair growth --- A? --- curcumin --- WNT/?-catenin --- copaiba --- AD --- Plasmodium parasites --- traditional medicine --- procyanidin A2 --- PET inhibition --- rheumatoid arthritis --- cannabinoid type 1 receptor --- iridoids --- inflammatory bowel disease --- acute liver injury --- human-hair-follicle dermal papilla cells --- Neuroprotective --- dihydromyricetin --- AMPK --- thromboembolism --- ginseng --- drug design and development --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- mitogen-activated protein kinase --- Nrf2 --- prenylated flavonoids --- inflammation --- preclinical studies --- plants --- dietary supplements --- Glycyrrhiza uralensis --- aspirin --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- P. eryngii --- reperfusion --- ethnopharmacology --- glucans --- innovation --- hpatoprotection --- hinokitiol --- phytocannabinoid --- antistaphylococcal activity --- Shh/Gli --- green tea --- sesquiterpenoids --- adjuvant-induced arthritis --- yuzu --- hepatotoxicity --- p53/Bax --- Keap1 --- nuclear factor-kappaB --- oxidative stress --- pharmacokinetic study --- cinnamamides --- toxicity --- APAP --- Astragali Radix --- computational softwares --- plant natural product --- onion --- anti-malaria activity --- lipogenesis --- bleeding time --- diterpenoids --- Penthorum chinense Pursh --- myocardial hypertrophy --- automation --- adjuvant --- grapefruit --- melanoma cell --- essential oil --- sweet orange --- Amadori rearrangement compounds --- heme oxygenase --- global health --- calorie restriction --- bergamot --- liposomes --- EGCG --- celastrol --- herb–drug interactions --- cannabigerol --- anti-inflammation --- OH· free radical --- molecular targets --- gluconeogenesis --- microbiome --- SIRT1 --- fucoidan --- heart --- PC12 cells --- acetaminophen --- omics --- time-kill assay --- arthritis --- lychee seed --- bioinformatics --- structure–activity relationship --- precision medicine --- orange petitgrain --- immune modulation --- antiproliferation --- flavonoids --- scoulerine --- oleoresin --- triterpenic acids --- Cannabis sativa --- NAFLD --- biological activity --- differentiation --- oxygen consumption rate --- mitochondrial bioenergetics --- neroli --- apoptosis --- targeted delivery --- platelet activation --- protein kinase --- heat-process --- hepatic steatosis --- hyperglycemia --- natural products --- lemon --- genistein --- neuroinflammation --- astragaloside IV --- cytoxicity --- flavonoid --- paracetamol --- medicinal plants --- insulin resistance --- resveratrol --- mandarin --- garlic --- TGF-? --- morin hydrate --- sirtuin 3 --- MMPs --- gomisin N --- lime --- Ziziphus jujuba --- antifungal activity --- ischemia --- migration --- caspases --- small molecules