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These days, massive consumer demands for short-term single-use plastic materials have produced huge plastic waste, which in turn has created tremendous environmental pollution. Biodegradable polymers or biopolymers can be used to develop alternatives to synthetic petroleum-based plastics. Different sources of biopolymers, like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, as well as biodegradable polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, etc., have been utilized recently to make environmentally benign biodegradable plastic.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- pullulan/carrageenan --- CuSNP --- limonene --- composite film --- mechanical property --- antibacterial activity --- chitosan --- tannic acid --- titanium dioxide --- nanocomposite film --- mechanical properties --- antioxidant activity --- melanin --- carvacrol --- agricultural residues --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- bioactive films --- functional films --- antimicrobial activity --- long afterglow PP composites --- plasticizer --- thermal --- mechanical --- DNA films --- spin coating --- film uniformity --- solvent effect --- biobased materials --- biodegradable --- food packaging --- pectin film --- physicomechanical --- Salicornia ramosissima --- sustainability --- biopolymer --- nanocomposites --- shelf life --- antimicrobial --- flexible printed electronics --- flexible hybrid electronics --- biopolymer films --- renewable-based substrate --- screen-printing --- surface energy --- pullulan --- gelatin --- sodium alginate --- oil oxidation --- edible film --- grease packaging --- n/a --- curcumin --- diclofenac --- films --- biopolymers --- carrageenan/alginate/poloxamer --- wound healing --- carrageenalginate/poloxamer