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Elastomer materials are characterized by their high elongation and (entropy) elasticity, which makes them indispensable for widespread applications in various engineering and medical areas as well as consumer goods. This book focuses on the state-of-the-art of elastomers covering all aspects from their properties to applications. The development and testing of advanced elastomers is of particular interest. Attention is given to various aspects of elastomers, such as ever-increasing environmental concepts dealing with recyclability and reusability, incorporation of functional groups or additives to obtain novel functionality or bioelastomers, analytical description of mechanisms and structure relations of the fracture behavior of elastomers, and their external stimuli-responsive character. The scope of the book encompasses contributions at the frontier of science in polymer network synthesis, experimental and theoretical physics of polymer networks, and new structures and functionalities incorporated into elastomers leading to enhanced properties of crosslinked elastomeric materials, among others.

History of engineering & technology --- magnetorheological elastomer --- filler --- hetero-aggregation --- nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites --- electrical resistance --- resistivity --- rheological properties --- elastomers --- in-situ silica --- friction --- abrasion --- tear fatigue test --- buffing dust collagen (BDC) --- styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) --- polymer composites --- biodegradation --- bio-oil --- bio-based plasticizer --- eco-friendly plasticizer --- acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber --- NBR --- mechanical testing --- thermo-oxidative aging --- vulcanized rubber --- rubber compounds --- carbon black --- vibration damping --- viscoelasticity --- magnetorheological --- elastomer --- magnetic particle --- viscoelastic --- rheological --- smart materials --- coating --- particle coating --- magnetorheological elastomer --- filler --- hetero-aggregation --- nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites --- electrical resistance --- resistivity --- rheological properties --- elastomers --- in-situ silica --- friction --- abrasion --- tear fatigue test --- buffing dust collagen (BDC) --- styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) --- polymer composites --- biodegradation --- bio-oil --- bio-based plasticizer --- eco-friendly plasticizer --- acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber --- NBR --- mechanical testing --- thermo-oxidative aging --- vulcanized rubber --- rubber compounds --- carbon black --- vibration damping --- viscoelasticity --- magnetorheological --- elastomer --- magnetic particle --- viscoelastic --- rheological --- smart materials --- coating --- particle coating

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Elastomer materials are characterized by their high elongation and (entropy) elasticity, which makes them indispensable for widespread applications in various engineering and medical areas as well as consumer goods. This book focuses on the state-of-the-art of elastomers covering all aspects from their properties to applications. The development and testing of advanced elastomers is of particular interest. Attention is given to various aspects of elastomers, such as ever-increasing environmental concepts dealing with recyclability and reusability, incorporation of functional groups or additives to obtain novel functionality or bioelastomers, analytical description of mechanisms and structure relations of the fracture behavior of elastomers, and their external stimuli-responsive character. The scope of the book encompasses contributions at the frontier of science in polymer network synthesis, experimental and theoretical physics of polymer networks, and new structures and functionalities incorporated into elastomers leading to enhanced properties of crosslinked elastomeric materials, among others.

magnetorheological elastomer --- filler --- hetero-aggregation --- nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites --- electrical resistance --- resistivity --- rheological properties --- elastomers --- in-situ silica --- friction --- abrasion --- tear fatigue test --- buffing dust collagen (BDC) --- styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) --- polymer composites --- biodegradation --- bio-oil --- bio-based plasticizer --- eco-friendly plasticizer --- acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber --- NBR --- mechanical testing --- thermo-oxidative aging --- vulcanized rubber --- rubber compounds --- carbon black --- vibration damping --- viscoelasticity --- magnetorheological --- elastomer --- magnetic particle --- viscoelastic --- rheological --- smart materials --- coating --- particle coating --- n/a --- styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs), in comparison with other materials, have the exceptional ability to change their properties, structure, and functionality depending on the thermal, magnetic, and/or stress fields applied. As is well known, in recent decades, the development of SMAs has allowed innovative solutions and alternatives in biomedical applications and advanced engineering structures for aerospace and automotive industries as well as in sensor and actuation systems, among other sectors. Irrespective of this, designing and engineering using these special smart materials requires a solid background in materials science in order to consolidate their importance in these fields and to broaden their relevance for other new applications. The goal of this Special Issue is to foster the dissemination of some of the latest research devoted to these special materials from different perspectives.

Technology: general issues --- shape memory alloys --- cyclic tests --- fatigue test --- energy dissipation --- earthquake engineering --- NiTiNb --- anisotropy --- texture --- SME --- pipe joints --- NiTi --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- lattice structure --- EBSD --- superelasticity --- metamagnetic shape memory alloys --- structural defects --- magnetocaloric effect --- mechanical damping --- martensitic transitions --- phonon softening --- resonant ultrasound spectroscopy --- laser-ultrasound --- elastic constants --- high-temperature shape memory alloys --- titanium palladium --- titanium platinum --- multi-component alloys --- medium-entropy alloys --- high-entropy alloys --- laser powder bed fusion --- density control --- structure control --- process simulation --- shape memory alloy --- Fe-Mn-Al-Ni --- cyclic heat treatment --- co-based Heusler alloy --- martensitic transformation --- metamagnetic shape memory alloy --- phase diagram --- magnetic-field-induced transition --- intermetallic --- microstructure --- differential scanning calorimetry --- X-ray diffraction --- mechanical testing --- shape memory alloys --- cyclic tests --- fatigue test --- energy dissipation --- earthquake engineering --- NiTiNb --- anisotropy --- texture --- SME --- pipe joints --- NiTi --- selective laser melting --- additive manufacturing --- lattice structure --- EBSD --- superelasticity --- metamagnetic shape memory alloys --- structural defects --- magnetocaloric effect --- mechanical damping --- martensitic transitions --- phonon softening --- resonant ultrasound spectroscopy --- laser-ultrasound --- elastic constants --- high-temperature shape memory alloys --- titanium palladium --- titanium platinum --- multi-component alloys --- medium-entropy alloys --- high-entropy alloys --- laser powder bed fusion --- density control --- structure control --- process simulation --- shape memory alloy --- Fe-Mn-Al-Ni --- cyclic heat treatment --- co-based Heusler alloy --- martensitic transformation --- metamagnetic shape memory alloy --- phase diagram --- magnetic-field-induced transition --- intermetallic --- microstructure --- differential scanning calorimetry --- X-ray diffraction --- mechanical testing

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Fracture, fatigue, and other subcritical processes, such as creep crack growth or stress corrosion cracking, present numerous open issues from both scientific and industrial points of view. These phenomena are of special interest in industrial and civil metallic structures, such as pipes, vessels, machinery, aircrafts, ship hulls, and bridges, given that their failure may imply catastrophic consequences for human life, the natural environment, and/or the economy. Moreover, an adequate management of their operational life, defining suitable inspection periods, repairs, or replacements, requires their safety or unsafety conditions to be defined. The analysis of these technological challenges requires accurate comprehensive assessment tools based on solid theoretical foundations as well as structural integrity assessment standards or procedures incorporating such tools into industrial practice.

n/a --- reuse --- microstructure --- fatigue crack growth --- micromechanisms --- weld joint --- FFM --- slow strain rate tensile test --- fracture --- orthotropic steel bridge deck --- fatigue --- three-point bending fatigue --- EMC --- notch effect --- thermal desorption spectroscopy --- synchrotron radiation --- tube specimen with hole --- critical distance --- Inconel 690 tube --- fatigue test --- failure assessment diagram (FAD) --- alloy steel --- X-ray techniques --- overload --- aluminium plates --- fatigue strength --- fastener --- high strength low alloy steels (HSLA) --- internal fatigue fracture --- ?CT imaging --- hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) --- notch --- rotating bending --- local strain --- aluminum foam sandwich --- structural steel --- surface defect --- compressive residual stress --- blunt V-notches --- cathodic polarization --- needle peening --- semi-elliptical crack --- fatigue life --- hydrogen-induced delayed fracture --- fatigue design curve --- subcritical propagation --- cathodic polarization or cathodic charge (CC) --- hydrogen embrittlement --- aircraft --- fatigue limit --- environmentally assisted cracking --- ductile failure --- mode I loading --- cathodic protection (CP) --- peel strength --- hot-press-formed steel --- crack initiation --- retardation --- theory of critical distances --- welded joint

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This reprint contains a collection of state-of-the-art reviews and original research articles from leaders in the field of 3D/4D printing. It focuses on 3D/4D printing materials with novel and/or advanced functionalities, novel applications of 3DP material, and material synthesis and characterization techniques.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- 3D printing --- additive manufacturing --- dental forceps --- CFR (continuous fiber reinforcement) --- fatigue test --- mechanical testing --- composite --- carbon --- scanning electron microscopy --- polyphenylsulfone --- PPSF --- fire-resistant --- aircraft interior --- selective laser sintering --- direct writing --- PVC gel --- artificial muscle --- rheological behavior --- integrated printing --- 4D printing --- fused deposition modelling --- stereolithography --- polymers --- FEM --- FDM --- microstructure behavior --- linear analysis --- RVE --- polyimide --- aerogels --- chemical smoothing --- vapor smoothing --- PVB --- carbon fiber mold --- polylactic acid --- sound reflection --- excitation frequency --- porosity --- 3D printing technique --- thickness --- air gap --- FluidFM --- microstructures --- nanostructures --- biofunctionalization --- mechanical properties --- scanning probe lithography --- copper complex --- photocomposite --- LED --- laser write --- free radical photopolymerization --- bio-inspired spider silks --- adjustable mechanical properties --- shape morphing --- stimulus response --- n/a