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Comparative neurobiology - Congresses.

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Animal psychology and neurophysiology --- Psychobiology --- Neuropsychology --- Comparative neurobiology

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Cognitieve wetenschap --- Cognitive science --- Comparative neurobiology --- Neurobiologie comparée --- Sciences cognitives --- Vergelijkende neurobiologie --- Wetenschap [Cognitieve ] --- Comparative neurobiology. --- Cognitive science.

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It is generally accepted that all living organisms present on earth derive from one single primordial cell born several billion years ago. One important step in the evolution occurred some 1. 5 billion years ago with the transition from small procaryote cells with relatively simple internal structures such as bacteria to larger and more compleX: eucaryotic cells such as those found in higher animals and plants. Large membrane proteins which enable the cells to communicate appeared early in evolution, and it is believed that the nerve membrane receptors and ionic channels which are observed today in both invertebrate and vertebrate species derive from a common ancestor. Basically, the three identified superfamilies, 1) ionotropic receptors (i. e. receptors containing an integral ionic channel), 2) metabotropic receptors (receptors coupled to G­ proteins) and 3) voltage-dependent ionic channels (Na+, K + and Ca2+ channels) were already well differentiated when vertebrates separated from invertebrate species. The large number of subtypes which are observed in each superfamily may be of more recent evolutionary origin. To understand how this happened, the best approach was to compare the sequences and the properties of the receptors and ionic channels in species sufficiently distant in the evolutionary tree. In the present volume, many of the best specialists in the field of comparative molecular neurobiology, several of them working on vertebrate and invertebrate species, have accepted to report their most recent findings.

Comparative neurobiology --- Molecular neurobiology --- Ion Channels --- Receptors, Neurotransmitter --- physiology --- physiology --- Comparative neurobiology --- Ion --- physiology --- Molecular neurobiology --- Receptors, --- physiology

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"Monkey see, monkey do" may sound simple, but how an individual perceives and processes the behavior of another is one of the most complex and fascinating questions related to the social life of humans and other primates. In The Primate Mind, experts from around the world take a bottom-up approach to primate social behavior by investigating how the primate mind connects with other minds and exploring the shared neurological basis for imitation, joint action, cooperative behavior, and empathy.In the past, there has been a tendency to ask all-or-nothing questions, such as whether primates possess a theory of mind, have self-awareness, or have culture. A bottom-up approach asks, rather, what are the underlying cognitive processes of such capacities, some of which may be rather basic and widespread. Prominent neuroscientists, psychologists, ethologists, and primatologists use methods ranging from developmental psychology to neurophysiology and neuroimaging to explore these evolutionary foundations.A good example is mirror neurons, first discovered in monkeys but also assumed to be present in humans, that enable a fusing between one's own motor system and the perceived actions of others. This allows individuals to read body language and respond to the emotions of others, interpret their actions and intentions, synchronize and coordinate activities, anticipate the behavior of others, and learn from them. The remarkable social sophistication of primates rests on these basic processes, which are extensively discussed in the pages of this volume.

Primates --- Social psychology. --- Neuropsychology. --- Psychology, Comparative. --- Comparative neurobiology. --- Psychology. --- Comparative neurobiology --- Neuropsychology --- Psychology, Comparative --- Social psychology --- Quadrumana --- Mammals --- Comparative neurology --- Neurobiology --- Psychology