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There is overwhelming evidence linking increased physical activity with positive changes in cognitive functioning and brain health. Much of what we know about these interrelationships comes from aerobic exercise training studies with older adults and children. This literature has paved the way for the neuroscientific investigation of mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cognitive and brain health enhancement, a list that ranges from molecular changes to systemic changes in executive control and neural connectivity. A new perspective has also emerged that aims to understand executive control processes that may underlie the regulation of health behavior. In accordance with this view, physical activity falls under the umbrella of health behaviors that require a substantial amount of executive control. Executive control is a limited resource, and the aging process depletes this resource. People who regularly exercise are said to have higher “self-regulatory control”—planning, goal-shielding and impulse control—than irregular exercisers. The successful maintenance of physical activity participation in lieu of daily cognitive stressors likely reflects an adaptive resistance to control failures. Indeed, a handful of studies have shown the relationship between greater executive control and subsequently higher levels of physical activity. However, little is known about the neural correlates of physical activity adherence or sedentary behavior, with the view that neurocognitive factors have an antecedent and reciprocal influence on these behaviors. No research has focused on the brain networks responsible for the self-regulation of physical activity, which likely overlaps with structures and functions playing critical roles in the regulation of other health behaviors. Interdisciplinary investigations are needed to explain the extent to which physical activity self-regulation and self-regulatory failure is dependent upon, or under the influence of executive control processes and brain networks. Understanding the degree to which self-regulatory resources may be enhanced, restored, and trained will have enormous implications for basic science and applied fields. It is also of great import to understand whether or not physical activity self-regulation is a domain-specific behavior associated with specific brain networks, or to determine the extent to which regulatory network-sharing occurs. The aim of this Frontiers Research Topic is to curate contributions from researchers in social and cognitive neurosciences and related fields, whose work involves the study of physical activity behavior, self-regulation and executive control. For this Research Topic, we, therefore, solicit reviews, original research articles, and opinion papers, which draw theoretical or empirical connections related to sustained physical activity behavior, self-regulatory strategies, cognitive performance, and brain structure and function. While focusing on work in the neurosciences, this Research Topic also welcomes contributions in the form of behavioral studies, psychophysiological investigations, and methodological innovations. This Frontiers Research Topic will carve out new directions for the fields of exercise, cognitive, and social neurosciences. We hope you will consider submitting your work.

fitness-cognition link --- cognitive control --- Behavioral maintenance --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- exercise adherence --- executive functioning --- sedentary behavior --- Self-regulation --- physical activity

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Sports medicine --- Physical Fitness. --- Sports Medicine. --- Physical fitness --- Médecine du sport --- Condition physique --- Sports medicine. --- Sportgeneeskunde. --- Medicine, Sport --- Medicine, Sports --- Sport Medicine --- Fitness, Physical --- Athletic medicine --- Athletics --- Medicine and sports --- Physical education and training --- Sports --- Medical aspects --- Psychology, Sports --- Physical Conditioning, Human --- Exercise --- Medicine --- Sports sciences --- Physical education. --- Exercise Test --- Medicine Physiotherapy Occupational Therapy --- Sport Sciences --- Physical Fitness --- health status --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- exercise equipment --- obesity --- physical activity --- strength training --- Physical activity --- Warm-up --- Workouts (Exercise) --- Health --- physical fitness

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As technology becomes an ever-more prevalent part of everyday life, and population-based physical activity programs seek new ways to increase life-long engagement with physical activity, these two ideas have become increasingly linked. This Special Issue attempts to offer a thorough and critical examination of emerging technologies in physical activity and health promotion, considering technological interventions in different contexts (communities, clinics, schools, homes, etc.) among various populations, exploring the challenges of integrating technology into physical activity promotion, and offering solutions for its implementation. This Special Issue aims to take a broadly positive stance toward interactive technology initiatives and, while discussing some negative implications of an increased use of technology, offers practical recommendations for promoting physical activity through various emerging technologies, including, but not limited to: Active video games (exergaming); social media; mobile device apps; health wearables; mobile games, augmented reality games, global positioning and geographic information systems; and virtual reality. Offering a logical and clear critique of emerging technologies in physical activity and health promotion, this Special Issue will provide useful suggestions and practical implications for researchers, practitioners, and educators in the fields of public health, kinesiology, physical activity and health, and healthcare.

virtual reality --- Amazon Web Services --- wrist-worn activity tracker --- sex difference --- motor skill competence --- mental health --- physical activity assessment --- mHealth --- augmented reality --- musculoskeletal fitness --- health navigator --- Google Glass --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- fitness --- safety --- moderate-to-vigorous physical activity --- young children --- serious games --- autism spectrum disorder --- physical exercise --- locomotor skills --- active video game --- air quality --- app --- Google --- perceived environmental factor --- motor activity --- active video gaming --- anxiety --- digital health --- narrative review --- preoperative experience --- real-time physical activity --- quality of life --- smartglasses --- Amazon --- intelligence quotient --- mobile phone-based health intervention --- Korean American immigrant women --- Fitbits --- exercise --- epoch --- wearable technology --- measurement --- active video games --- preoperative anxiety --- sedentary behaviour --- mammogram --- sedentary behavior --- heart rate --- social cognitive theory --- senior citizens --- social communication --- breast cancer --- technology --- physical activity --- Autism --- accelerometry --- socio-ecological model --- light physical activity --- recreational physical activity --- screen based sedentary behavior --- accelerometers --- placement site --- virtual reality game --- pedometers --- object control skills --- depression --- physical activity levels

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As technology becomes an ever-more prevalent part of everyday life, and population-based physical activity programs seek new ways to increase life-long engagement with physical activity, these two ideas have become increasingly linked. This Special Issue attempts to offer a thorough and critical examination of emerging technologies in physical activity and health promotion, considering technological interventions in different contexts (communities, clinics, schools, homes, etc.) among various populations, exploring the challenges of integrating technology into physical activity promotion, and offering solutions for its implementation. This Special Issue aims to take a broadly positive stance toward interactive technology initiatives and, while discussing some negative implications of an increased use of technology, offers practical recommendations for promoting physical activity through various emerging technologies, including, but not limited to: Active video games (exergaming); social media; mobile device apps; health wearables; mobile games, augmented reality games, global positioning and geographic information systems; and virtual reality. Offering a logical and clear critique of emerging technologies in physical activity and health promotion, this Special Issue will provide useful suggestions and practical implications for researchers, practitioners, and educators in the fields of public health, kinesiology, physical activity and health, and healthcare.

virtual reality --- Amazon Web Services --- wrist-worn activity tracker --- sex difference --- motor skill competence --- mental health --- physical activity assessment --- mHealth --- augmented reality --- musculoskeletal fitness --- health navigator --- Google Glass --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- fitness --- safety --- moderate-to-vigorous physical activity --- young children --- serious games --- autism spectrum disorder --- physical exercise --- locomotor skills --- active video game --- air quality --- app --- Google --- perceived environmental factor --- motor activity --- active video gaming --- anxiety --- digital health --- narrative review --- preoperative experience --- real-time physical activity --- quality of life --- smartglasses --- Amazon --- intelligence quotient --- mobile phone-based health intervention --- Korean American immigrant women --- Fitbits --- exercise --- epoch --- wearable technology --- measurement --- active video games --- preoperative anxiety --- sedentary behaviour --- mammogram --- sedentary behavior --- heart rate --- social cognitive theory --- senior citizens --- social communication --- breast cancer --- technology --- physical activity --- Autism --- accelerometry --- socio-ecological model --- light physical activity --- recreational physical activity --- screen based sedentary behavior --- accelerometers --- placement site --- virtual reality game --- pedometers --- object control skills --- depression --- physical activity levels

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This reprint represents the articles published in the Special Issue “Brain Function and Health, Sports, and Exercise”. Fifteen articles were published, with topics covering the relationship between acute effects of exercise on cognitive function, as well as the influence of exercise on positive medium-term adaptations in populations as children, youth, adults and older. We think that the different approaches used in the different articles will help the readers to have a greater overview of the current research in brain and exercise.

Lifestyle, sport & leisure --- aerobic exercise --- creativity --- convergent thinking --- divergent thinking --- flexibility --- insight problem-solving --- cognitive functions --- mood --- vigor --- pleasure --- open-skill exercises --- closed-skill exercises --- cognition --- older adults --- physical activity --- sleep --- inhibitory performance --- mediating effects --- exercise --- attention --- attentional bias --- arousal --- randomized controlled trials --- non-randomized controlled trials --- cross-over studies --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- video exercises --- attitudes --- online platform --- Brain Breaks® --- handgrip strength --- hypertension --- China --- international physical activity questionnaires --- alternate uses test --- antisaccade --- oculomotor --- task-evoked pupil dilation --- vision --- diffusion tensor imaging --- fractional anisotropy --- inhibitory control --- aerobic fitness --- early adulthood --- long-rope jumping --- 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol --- 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid --- soccer --- sports --- depressive symptoms --- mental health --- brain --- exercise intensity --- executive function --- motor expertise --- balance --- spatial cognition --- high altitude --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- stress --- amygdala --- hippocampus --- physical exercise --- cognitive exercise --- simultaneous training --- healthy aging --- cerebral oxygenation