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Groundwater is an essential and vital water resource for drinking water production, agricultural irrigation, and industrial processes. Having a better understanding of physical and chemical processes in aquifers enables more reliable decisions and reduces investments concerning water management. This Special Issue on “Water Flow, Solute, and Heat Transfer, in Groundwater” of Water focuses on the recent advances in groundwater dynamics, and it includes high-quality papers that cover a wide range of issues on different aspects related to groundwater: protection from contamination, recharge, heat transfer, hydraulic parameters estimation, well hydraulics, microbial community, colloid transport, and mathematical models. This integrative volume aims to transfer knowledge to hydrologists, hydraulic engineers, and water resources planners, who are engaged in the sustainable development of groundwater resources.

Research & information: general --- artificial ground freezing method --- groundwater flow --- temperature field --- freezing wall --- effective hydraulic conductivity --- fractured media --- gravitational force --- numerical method --- rock penetration --- colloid size --- colloid transport --- underground water-sealed oil storage cavern --- seawater intrusion --- island tidal environment --- vertical water curtain system --- multi-physical field coupling --- scenario-based projections --- HYDRUS 1-D --- aridity index --- water balance --- grassland --- root water stress --- groundwater protection --- wellhead protection area (WHPA) --- uncertainty analysis --- soil moisture --- groundwater recharge --- evapotranspiration --- vadose zone --- soil hydraulic property --- climate --- NAPL --- volume averaging --- upscaling --- mass transfer --- fractured aquitard --- groundwater pollution --- microbial community’s diversity --- dehalogenation --- tribromoneopentyl alcohol --- 1-bromo-1-chloroethane --- geothermal water reservoir --- well spacing --- direct geothermal district heating system --- indirect geothermal district heating system --- multiobjective optimization --- technical and economic evaluation --- Richards’-equation --- simulation --- algebraic multigrid --- preconditioner --- residual saturation --- porous media --- permeability --- entrapped air --- two-phase flow --- ascending relief well --- groundwater --- seepage --- sand-tank --- modeling --- Dupuit formula --- Dupuit-Thiem formula --- porous and fractured media --- contaminant transport --- heat transfer --- parameters --- colloids --- microbial community --- field and laboratory studies --- mathematical modeling --- artificial ground freezing method --- groundwater flow --- temperature field --- freezing wall --- effective hydraulic conductivity --- fractured media --- gravitational force --- numerical method --- rock penetration --- colloid size --- colloid transport --- underground water-sealed oil storage cavern --- seawater intrusion --- island tidal environment --- vertical water curtain system --- multi-physical field coupling --- scenario-based projections --- HYDRUS 1-D --- aridity index --- water balance --- grassland --- root water stress --- groundwater protection --- wellhead protection area (WHPA) --- uncertainty analysis --- soil moisture --- groundwater recharge --- evapotranspiration --- vadose zone --- soil hydraulic property --- climate --- NAPL --- volume averaging --- upscaling --- mass transfer --- fractured aquitard --- groundwater pollution --- microbial community’s diversity --- dehalogenation --- tribromoneopentyl alcohol --- 1-bromo-1-chloroethane --- geothermal water reservoir --- well spacing --- direct geothermal district heating system --- indirect geothermal district heating system --- multiobjective optimization --- technical and economic evaluation --- Richards’-equation --- simulation --- algebraic multigrid --- preconditioner --- residual saturation --- porous media --- permeability --- entrapped air --- two-phase flow --- ascending relief well --- groundwater --- seepage --- sand-tank --- modeling --- Dupuit formula --- Dupuit-Thiem formula --- porous and fractured media --- contaminant transport --- heat transfer --- parameters --- colloids --- microbial community --- field and laboratory studies --- mathematical modeling

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Due to advent of sensor technology, hyperspectral imaging has become an emerging technology in remote sensing. Many problems, which cannot be resolved by multispectral imaging, can now be solved by hyperspectral imaging. The aim of this Special Issue "Hyperspectral Imaging and Applications" is to publish new ideas and technologies to facilitate the utility of hyperspectral imaging in data exploitation and to further explore its potential in different applications. This Special Issue has accepted and published 25 papers in various areas, which can be organized into 7 categories with the number of papers published in every category included in its open parenthesis. 1. Data Unmixing (2 papers)2. Spectral variability (2 papers)3. Target Detection (3 papers)4. Hyperspectral Image Classification (6 papers)5. Band Selection (2 papers)6. Data Fusion (2 papers)7. Applications (8 papers) Under every category each paper is briefly summarized by a short description so that readers can quickly grab its content to find what they are interested in.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- biodiversity --- peatland --- vegetation type --- classification --- hyperspectral --- in situ measurements --- hyperspectral image (HSI) --- multiscale union regions adaptive sparse representation (MURASR) --- multiscale spatial information --- imaging spectroscopy --- airborne laser scanning --- minimum noise fraction --- class imbalance --- Africa --- agroforestry --- tree species --- hyperspectral unmixing --- endmember extraction --- band selection --- spectral variability --- prototype space --- ensemble learning --- rotation forest --- semi-supervised local discriminant analysis --- optical spectral region --- thermal infrared spectral region --- mineral mapping --- data integration --- HyMap --- AHS --- raw material --- remote sensing --- nonnegative matrix factorization --- data-guided constraints --- sparseness --- evenness --- hashing ensemble --- hierarchical feature --- hyperspectral classification --- band expansion process (BEP) --- constrained energy minimization (CEM) --- correlation band expansion process (CBEP) --- iterative CEM (ICEM) --- nonlinear band expansion (NBE) --- Otsu’s method --- sparse unmixing --- local abundance --- nuclear norm --- hyperspectral detection --- target detection --- sprout detection --- constrained energy minimization --- iterative algorithm --- adaptive window --- hyperspectral imagery --- recursive anomaly detection --- local summation RX detector (LS-RXD) --- sliding window --- band selection (BS) --- band subset selection (BSS) --- hyperspectral image classification --- linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) --- successive LCMV-BSS (SC LCMV-BSS) --- sequential LCMV-BSS (SQ LCMV-BSS) --- vicarious calibration --- reflectance-based method --- irradiance-based method --- Dunhuang site --- 90° yaw imaging --- terrestrial hyperspectral imaging --- vineyard --- water stress --- machine learning --- tree-based ensemble --- progressive sample processing (PSP) --- real-time processing --- image fusion --- hyperspectral image --- panchromatic image --- structure tensor --- image enhancement --- weighted fusion --- spectral mixture analysis --- fire severity --- AVIRIS --- deep belief networks --- deep learning --- texture feature enhancement --- band grouping --- hyperspectral compression --- lossy compression --- on-board compression --- orthogonal projections --- Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization --- parallel processing --- anomaly detection --- sparse coding --- KSVD --- hyperspectral images (HSIs) --- SVM --- composite kernel --- algebraic multigrid methods --- hyperspectral pansharpening --- panchromatic --- intrinsic image decomposition --- weighted least squares filter --- spectral-spatial classification --- label propagation --- superpixel --- semi-supervised learning --- rolling guidance filtering (RGF) --- graph --- deep pipelined background statistics --- high-level synthesis --- data fusion --- data unmixing --- hyperspectral imaging --- biodiversity --- peatland --- vegetation type --- classification --- hyperspectral --- in situ measurements --- hyperspectral image (HSI) --- multiscale union regions adaptive sparse representation (MURASR) --- multiscale spatial information --- imaging spectroscopy --- airborne laser scanning --- minimum noise fraction --- class imbalance --- Africa --- agroforestry --- tree species --- hyperspectral unmixing --- endmember extraction --- band selection --- spectral variability --- prototype space --- ensemble learning --- rotation forest --- semi-supervised local discriminant analysis --- optical spectral region --- thermal infrared spectral region --- mineral mapping --- data integration --- HyMap --- AHS --- raw material --- remote sensing --- nonnegative matrix factorization --- data-guided constraints --- sparseness --- evenness --- hashing ensemble --- hierarchical feature --- hyperspectral classification --- band expansion process (BEP) --- constrained energy minimization (CEM) --- correlation band expansion process (CBEP) --- iterative CEM (ICEM) --- nonlinear band expansion (NBE) --- Otsu’s method --- sparse unmixing --- local abundance --- nuclear norm --- hyperspectral detection --- target detection --- sprout detection --- constrained energy minimization --- iterative algorithm --- adaptive window --- hyperspectral imagery --- recursive anomaly detection --- local summation RX detector (LS-RXD) --- sliding window --- band selection (BS) --- band subset selection (BSS) --- hyperspectral image classification --- linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) --- successive LCMV-BSS (SC LCMV-BSS) --- sequential LCMV-BSS (SQ LCMV-BSS) --- vicarious calibration --- reflectance-based method --- irradiance-based method --- Dunhuang site --- 90° yaw imaging --- terrestrial hyperspectral imaging --- vineyard --- water stress --- machine learning --- tree-based ensemble --- progressive sample processing (PSP) --- real-time processing --- image fusion --- hyperspectral image --- panchromatic image --- structure tensor --- image enhancement --- weighted fusion --- spectral mixture analysis --- fire severity --- AVIRIS --- deep belief networks --- deep learning --- texture feature enhancement --- band grouping --- hyperspectral compression --- lossy compression --- on-board compression --- orthogonal projections --- Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization --- parallel processing --- anomaly detection --- sparse coding --- KSVD --- hyperspectral images (HSIs) --- SVM --- composite kernel --- algebraic multigrid methods --- hyperspectral pansharpening --- panchromatic --- intrinsic image decomposition --- weighted least squares filter --- spectral-spatial classification --- label propagation --- superpixel --- semi-supervised learning --- rolling guidance filtering (RGF) --- graph --- deep pipelined background statistics --- high-level synthesis --- data fusion --- data unmixing --- hyperspectral imaging

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Due to advent of sensor technology, hyperspectral imaging has become an emerging technology in remote sensing. Many problems, which cannot be resolved by multispectral imaging, can now be solved by hyperspectral imaging. The aim of this Special Issue "Hyperspectral Imaging and Applications" is to publish new ideas and technologies to facilitate the utility of hyperspectral imaging in data exploitation and to further explore its potential in different applications. This Special Issue has accepted and published 25 papers in various areas, which can be organized into 7 categories with the number of papers published in every category included in its open parenthesis. 1. Data Unmixing (2 papers)2. Spectral variability (2 papers)3. Target Detection (3 papers)4. Hyperspectral Image Classification (6 papers)5. Band Selection (2 papers)6. Data Fusion (2 papers)7. Applications (8 papers) Under every category each paper is briefly summarized by a short description so that readers can quickly grab its content to find what they are interested in.

biodiversity --- peatland --- vegetation type --- classification --- hyperspectral --- in situ measurements --- hyperspectral image (HSI) --- multiscale union regions adaptive sparse representation (MURASR) --- multiscale spatial information --- imaging spectroscopy --- airborne laser scanning --- minimum noise fraction --- class imbalance --- Africa --- agroforestry --- tree species --- hyperspectral unmixing --- endmember extraction --- band selection --- spectral variability --- prototype space --- ensemble learning --- rotation forest --- semi-supervised local discriminant analysis --- optical spectral region --- thermal infrared spectral region --- mineral mapping --- data integration --- HyMap --- AHS --- raw material --- remote sensing --- nonnegative matrix factorization --- data-guided constraints --- sparseness --- evenness --- hashing ensemble --- hierarchical feature --- hyperspectral classification --- band expansion process (BEP) --- constrained energy minimization (CEM) --- correlation band expansion process (CBEP) --- iterative CEM (ICEM) --- nonlinear band expansion (NBE) --- Otsu’s method --- sparse unmixing --- local abundance --- nuclear norm --- hyperspectral detection --- target detection --- sprout detection --- constrained energy minimization --- iterative algorithm --- adaptive window --- hyperspectral imagery --- recursive anomaly detection --- local summation RX detector (LS-RXD) --- sliding window --- band selection (BS) --- band subset selection (BSS) --- hyperspectral image classification --- linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) --- successive LCMV-BSS (SC LCMV-BSS) --- sequential LCMV-BSS (SQ LCMV-BSS) --- vicarious calibration --- reflectance-based method --- irradiance-based method --- Dunhuang site --- 90° yaw imaging --- terrestrial hyperspectral imaging --- vineyard --- water stress --- machine learning --- tree-based ensemble --- progressive sample processing (PSP) --- real-time processing --- image fusion --- hyperspectral image --- panchromatic image --- structure tensor --- image enhancement --- weighted fusion --- spectral mixture analysis --- fire severity --- AVIRIS --- deep belief networks --- deep learning --- texture feature enhancement --- band grouping --- hyperspectral compression --- lossy compression --- on-board compression --- orthogonal projections --- Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization --- parallel processing --- anomaly detection --- sparse coding --- KSVD --- hyperspectral images (HSIs) --- SVM --- composite kernel --- algebraic multigrid methods --- hyperspectral pansharpening --- panchromatic --- intrinsic image decomposition --- weighted least squares filter --- spectral-spatial classification --- label propagation --- superpixel --- semi-supervised learning --- rolling guidance filtering (RGF) --- graph --- deep pipelined background statistics --- high-level synthesis --- data fusion --- data unmixing --- hyperspectral imaging