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VALENCE BOND THEORY

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Atomic orbitals. --- Conjugated molecules. --- Hybridization. --- Hydrogen bond. --- Ligand field. --- Metals. --- Molecular orbital. --- Valence (Theoretical chemistry). --- Valence bond.

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This concise volume examines the characteristic electronic parameters of semiconductor interfaces, namely the barrier heights of metal–semiconductor or Schottky contacts and the valence-band discontinuities of semiconductor–semiconductor interfaces or heterostructures. Both are determined by the same concept, namely the wave-function tails of electron states overlapping a semiconductor band gap directly at the interface. These interface-induced gap states (IFIGS) result from the complex band structure of the corresponding semiconductor. The IFIGS are characterized by two parameters, namely by their branch point, at which their charge character changes from predominantly valence-band- to conduction-band-like, and secondly by the proportionality factor or slope parameter of the corresponding electric-dipole term, which varies in proportion to the difference in the electronegativities of the two solids forming the interface. This IFIGS-and-electronegativity concept consistently and quantitatively explains the experimentally observed barrier heights of Schottky contacts as well as the valence-band offsets of heterostructures. Insulators are treated as wide band-gap semiconductors. In addition, this book: Explains the formation of interface-induced gap states and electric dipoles in Schottky contacts and heterostructures Includes experimental Schottky barrier heights, slope parameters, and valence-band offsets for a range of semiconductors Compares theoretical and experimental barrier heights of Schottky contacts and valence-band offsets of heterostructures.

Semiconductors. --- Condensed matter. --- Metals. --- Materials --- Valence (Theoretical chemistry). --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Metals and Alloys. --- Materials Characterization Technique. --- Valence-Bond Theory. --- Analysis. --- Valence (Theoretical chemistry)

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Electron spectroscopy --- Spectroscopie électronique --- 543.422.27 --- Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis --- ESCA --- Electrons --- X-rays --- Using ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves (microwaves). Electron spin resonance spectroscopy --- Emission --- Electron spectroscopy. --- Inner shells --- Valence bond spectra --- Inner shells. --- Valence bond spectra. --- 543.422.27 Using ultra-high frequency electromagnetic waves (microwaves). Electron spin resonance spectroscopy --- Spectroscopie électronique

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Development in science depends on several factors. Among these, the role of individual scientists is perhaps not the most important one. Science is typically a body of collective knowledge and any increase in the amount of this knowledge is certainly due to strong interaction among scientists. Even in the past, it happened quite rarely that a single person, without any aid of others, d- covered something fundamental or opened a new chapter in science. Great figures of science history have, in most cases, had rather a summarizing and s- thesizing role. This is especially valid over the last few decades. On one hand, the amount of information necessary to achieve new discoveries, has increased tremendously. On the other hand, improvement of technical facilities has increased the speed of information exchange. These factors resulted in a degree of specialization in science that had never seen before. Most of us are experts and specialists rather than scientists in the classical sense. My personal feeling is that, even nowadays, there is a strong need for professionals with a broad knowledge and c- prehensive mind, although they may not be competitive in the number of their publications or the sizes of their grants. Every time I have met such a person (I can count these cases on my fingers) I have become deeply influenced by his or her strong intellect.

Chemistry. --- Organic chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. --- Quantum theory. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Organic chemistry --- Electron configuration. --- Configuration, Electron --- Electron correlation --- Atomic orbitals --- Electrons --- Electron density --- Localized electronic state --- Perturbation theory --- Valence bond theory