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This book compiles the Special Issue of Applied Sciences, entitled “Application of Biology to Cultural Heritage”, and aims to cover all the latest outstanding progress on the biological and biochemical methods developed and applied to cultural heritage.Eleven excellent papers (including both reviews and full research articles) form part of this book and each paper went through a hard and demanding review in order to ensure maximum quality. We do thank all the reviewers for their efforts which are so crucial for the improvement of the now-published papers. In the field of cultural heritage, biodiversity and biodeterioration have received a great deal of research attention in recent years. This book intends to provide a comprehensive examination of the science of biology in various fields and areas, as well as its practical application for the preservation of cultural heritage. Full research articles and reviews on all aspects of biological causes, modes of action, biocidal treatments, and the protection of cultural heritage are here presented, as well as long-term studies on the biodeterioration of cultural heritage sites and monuments.Analyses and tests of macro- and micro-organisms affecting the preservation of cultural heritage are also addressed.The knowledge that has arisen from the papers published on the studies on new techniques and new products applied to the field of cultural heritage may now be translated into new conservation and restoration treatments in similar objects, sites and supports. This was the main goal and it was achieved in a mission that we carried out with great pleasure and dedication.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Biochemistry --- cultural heritage --- biodeterioration --- biodiversity of microorganisms --- stone surfaces --- historical sandstone --- next-generation sequencing --- metal --- conservation --- cleaning --- hydrogels --- organogels --- bio-solvents --- biofilm --- microbial community --- algae --- cyanobacteria --- fungi --- bacteria --- next generation sequencing --- granite --- Trentepohlia --- deteriorative action --- enzymatic activity --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- cinnamaldehyde --- antimicrobial activity --- biodegradation --- built cultural heritage --- cityscape --- laboratory and field analysis --- maintenance plan --- mortar --- Parietaria judaica --- schist --- urban area --- weed control --- biocleaning --- bioconsolidation --- biocalcification --- biopolymers --- carbonatogenic bacteria --- MICP --- microorganisms --- stone restoration --- marble decay --- dark discoloration --- stone microbiota --- black fungi --- cultural heritage conservation --- multifunctional coating --- stone biodeterioration --- biofilms --- biocide --- zosteric sodium salt --- 2-mercaptobenzothiazole --- silica nanosystems --- phellem --- birch bark --- decay --- light microscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- archaeology --- ice patch --- waterlogged --- stained glass --- glazed tiles --- biodiversity --- laboratory experiments --- cultural heritage --- biodeterioration --- biodiversity of microorganisms --- stone surfaces --- historical sandstone --- next-generation sequencing --- metal --- conservation --- cleaning --- hydrogels --- organogels --- bio-solvents --- biofilm --- microbial community --- algae --- cyanobacteria --- fungi --- bacteria --- next generation sequencing --- granite --- Trentepohlia --- deteriorative action --- enzymatic activity --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- cinnamaldehyde --- antimicrobial activity --- biodegradation --- built cultural heritage --- cityscape --- laboratory and field analysis --- maintenance plan --- mortar --- Parietaria judaica --- schist --- urban area --- weed control --- biocleaning --- bioconsolidation --- biocalcification --- biopolymers --- carbonatogenic bacteria --- MICP --- microorganisms --- stone restoration --- marble decay --- dark discoloration --- stone microbiota --- black fungi --- cultural heritage conservation --- multifunctional coating --- stone biodeterioration --- biofilms --- biocide --- zosteric sodium salt --- 2-mercaptobenzothiazole --- silica nanosystems --- phellem --- birch bark --- decay --- light microscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- archaeology --- ice patch --- waterlogged --- stained glass --- glazed tiles --- biodiversity --- laboratory experiments

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book compiles the Special Issue of Applied Sciences, entitled “Application of Biology to Cultural Heritage”, and aims to cover all the latest outstanding progress on the biological and biochemical methods developed and applied to cultural heritage.Eleven excellent papers (including both reviews and full research articles) form part of this book and each paper went through a hard and demanding review in order to ensure maximum quality. We do thank all the reviewers for their efforts which are so crucial for the improvement of the now-published papers. In the field of cultural heritage, biodiversity and biodeterioration have received a great deal of research attention in recent years. This book intends to provide a comprehensive examination of the science of biology in various fields and areas, as well as its practical application for the preservation of cultural heritage. Full research articles and reviews on all aspects of biological causes, modes of action, biocidal treatments, and the protection of cultural heritage are here presented, as well as long-term studies on the biodeterioration of cultural heritage sites and monuments.Analyses and tests of macro- and micro-organisms affecting the preservation of cultural heritage are also addressed.The knowledge that has arisen from the papers published on the studies on new techniques and new products applied to the field of cultural heritage may now be translated into new conservation and restoration treatments in similar objects, sites and supports. This was the main goal and it was achieved in a mission that we carried out with great pleasure and dedication.

cultural heritage --- biodeterioration --- biodiversity of microorganisms --- stone surfaces --- historical sandstone --- next-generation sequencing --- metal --- conservation --- cleaning --- hydrogels --- organogels --- bio-solvents --- biofilm --- microbial community --- algae --- cyanobacteria --- fungi --- bacteria --- next generation sequencing --- granite --- Trentepohlia --- deteriorative action --- enzymatic activity --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- cinnamaldehyde --- antimicrobial activity --- biodegradation --- built cultural heritage --- cityscape --- laboratory and field analysis --- maintenance plan --- mortar --- Parietaria judaica --- schist --- urban area --- weed control --- biocleaning --- bioconsolidation --- biocalcification --- biopolymers --- carbonatogenic bacteria --- MICP --- microorganisms --- stone restoration --- marble decay --- dark discoloration --- stone microbiota --- black fungi --- cultural heritage conservation --- multifunctional coating --- stone biodeterioration --- biofilms --- biocide --- zosteric sodium salt --- 2-mercaptobenzothiazole --- silica nanosystems --- phellem --- birch bark --- decay --- light microscopy --- transmission electron microscopy --- archaeology --- ice patch --- waterlogged --- stained glass --- glazed tiles --- biodiversity --- laboratory experiments --- n/a

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Chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms and mitochondria in a vast majority of eukaryotes, contain part of the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell. The organisation and inheritance patterns of this organellar DNA are quite different to that of nuclear DNA. Present-day chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes contain only a few dozen genes. Nevertheless, these organelles harbor several thousand proteins, the vast majority of them encoded by the nucleus. As a result, the expression of nuclear and organelle genomes has to be very precisely coordinated. The selection of experimental and review papers of this book covers a wide range of topics related to chloroplasts and plant mitochondria research, illustrating recent advances and diverse insights into the field of organelle genetics in plants. These works represent some of the latest research on the genetics, genomics, and biotechnology of plant mitochondria and chloroplasts, and they are of significant broad interest for the community of plant scientists, especially for those working in the subjects related to organelle genetics

Research & information: general --- Salt stress --- organellar gene expression (OGE) --- Arabidopsis --- rice --- mitochondrial transcription termination factors (mTERFs) --- pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins --- DEAD-box RNA helicases (RHs)-containing proteins --- RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs)-containing proteins --- SIGMA FACTOR 5 --- PLASTID-SPECIFIC RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN 2 --- chloroplast genome --- free-standing ORFs --- introns --- phylogenetic analysis --- taxonomic study --- Trentepohlia odorata --- Trentepohliales --- Macrosolen --- Macrosolen cochinchinensis --- Macrosolen tricolor --- Macrosolen bibracteolatus --- Santalales --- gene loss --- phylogenetic relationship --- Utricularia amethystina --- Lentibulariaceae --- chloroplast phylogenomics --- organelle genome --- carnivorous plants --- polymorphic species --- intraspecific variation --- ndh genes --- genome structure --- genome evolution --- DNA transfer --- nuclear integrants of plastid DNA (NUPT) --- nuclear integrants of mitochondrial DNA (NUMT) --- legumes --- clover --- organelle genetics --- mitochondria --- endosymbiotic gene transfer --- gene fission --- common bean --- Phaseolus vulgaris --- mitochondrial genome --- comparative genomics --- phylogeny --- soybean --- yellow leaf mutant --- photosynthesis --- chloroplast RNA editing --- chloroplast --- SWNTs --- morphogenic regulators --- CRISPR --- protoplast regeneration --- chloroplast gene expression --- environmental stress response --- transcription --- RNA metabolism --- translation --- complex I --- intron splicing --- maturase --- NDH --- RNA editing --- Salt stress --- organellar gene expression (OGE) --- Arabidopsis --- rice --- mitochondrial transcription termination factors (mTERFs) --- pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins --- DEAD-box RNA helicases (RHs)-containing proteins --- RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs)-containing proteins --- SIGMA FACTOR 5 --- PLASTID-SPECIFIC RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN 2 --- chloroplast genome --- free-standing ORFs --- introns --- phylogenetic analysis --- taxonomic study --- Trentepohlia odorata --- Trentepohliales --- Macrosolen --- Macrosolen cochinchinensis --- Macrosolen tricolor --- Macrosolen bibracteolatus --- Santalales --- gene loss --- phylogenetic relationship --- Utricularia amethystina --- Lentibulariaceae --- chloroplast phylogenomics --- organelle genome --- carnivorous plants --- polymorphic species --- intraspecific variation --- ndh genes --- genome structure --- genome evolution --- DNA transfer --- nuclear integrants of plastid DNA (NUPT) --- nuclear integrants of mitochondrial DNA (NUMT) --- legumes --- clover --- organelle genetics --- mitochondria --- endosymbiotic gene transfer --- gene fission --- common bean --- Phaseolus vulgaris --- mitochondrial genome --- comparative genomics --- phylogeny --- soybean --- yellow leaf mutant --- photosynthesis --- chloroplast RNA editing --- chloroplast --- SWNTs --- morphogenic regulators --- CRISPR --- protoplast regeneration --- chloroplast gene expression --- environmental stress response --- transcription --- RNA metabolism --- translation --- complex I --- intron splicing --- maturase --- NDH --- RNA editing