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Abstract Titanium is the fourth most abundant structural metal in the world. It is known to have a high strength, light weight, good formability and high corrosion resistance. Due to these properties, Titanium and its alloys are used in many industries, such as aerospace and automobile. Note that due to its high price, one can find Ti6Al4V in demanding applications. This master thesis defines quantitatively predicting of the microstructure of a titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, worked with laser cladding process. The main goal is to define the proper phase transformation conditions that lead to reliable phase predictions. Outcomes are checked from the results obtained by two experimental observations in laser cladding process for the Ti6Al4V. Both studies obtained qualitative results according to the phases that formed the microstructure of the alloy and the hardness value of three different points located in the deposits. As a first reference, H.S. Tran used Constant Track Length building strategy. The second study has been made by MMS team at University of Liège, but it has not been published yet. They used a Decrease Track Length building strategy. The initial experimental work was done by H.Paydas . This master thesis is based on the implementation of a Fortran code that defines the phase transformations of Ti6Al4V. Inside the code, the thermal conditions and the equations with their parameters are defined. The project was based on Crespo’s model that calculates the phase transformation kinetics of this titanium alloy. After applying the same model, some differences have been made in order to achieve the desired results according to the improvement works done by H.S Tran and MMS team. This document presents a flow work starting with the basic theoretical background about Additive Manufacturing, Titanium and its alloys. After, Ti6Al4V is presented: its chemical composition, the different phases that can describe its microstructure and the equations that define the transformations from one phase to the other. The parameters and conditions defining those equations are determined and compared with previous literature, concretely with Crespo. Finally the results and conclusions are presented. Keywords: Laser Cladding (LC), Ti6Al4V, microstructure, thermal history, Fortran.
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Additive manufacturing (AM), more commonly known as 3D printing, has grown trememdously in recent years. It has shown its potential uses in the medical, automotive, aerospace, and spare part sectors. Personal manufacturing, complex and optimized parts, short series manufacturing, and local on-demand manufacturing are just some of its current benefits. The development of new materials and equipment has opened up new application possibilities, and equipment is quicker and cheaper to use when utilizing the new materials launched by vendors and material developers. AM has become more critical for the industry but also for academics. Since AM offers more design freedom than any other manufacturing process, it provides designers with the challenge of designing better and more efficient products.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- additive manufacturing --- modular design --- design-for-manufacturability --- design optimization --- part consolidation --- product re-design --- topology optimization --- design for additive manufacturing --- 3D printing --- aerospace --- full-life cycle manufacturing flow --- airfoil --- carbon fiber tubes --- telescoping spars --- chevrons --- porous scaffold design --- tetrahedral implicit surface modeling --- triply periodic minimal surface --- selective laser melting (SLM) --- Ti6Al4V --- structure-property relationship --- microstructure --- Hall-Petch relationship --- additive manufacturing --- modular design --- design-for-manufacturability --- design optimization --- part consolidation --- product re-design --- topology optimization --- design for additive manufacturing --- 3D printing --- aerospace --- full-life cycle manufacturing flow --- airfoil --- carbon fiber tubes --- telescoping spars --- chevrons --- porous scaffold design --- tetrahedral implicit surface modeling --- triply periodic minimal surface --- selective laser melting (SLM) --- Ti6Al4V --- structure-property relationship --- microstructure --- Hall-Petch relationship
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3D printing is rapidly emerging as a key manufacturing technique that is capable of serving a wide spectrum of applications, ranging from engineering to biomedical sectors. Its ability to form both simple and intricate shapes through computer-controlled graphics enables it to create a niche in the manufacturing sector. Key challenges remain, and a great deal of research is required to develop 3D printing technology for all classes of materials including polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites. In view of the growing importance of 3D manufacturing worldwide, this Special Issue aims to seek original articles to further assist in the development of this promising technology from both scientific and technological perspectives. Targeted reviews, including mini-reviews, are also welcome, as they play a crucial role in educating students and young researchers.
n/a --- microstructure --- reversed austenite --- corrosion behavior --- advanced X-ray computed tomography (XCT) --- additive manufacturing --- forming defects --- single strut --- wear properties --- thermodynamic behavior --- laser deposition welding --- titanium alloys --- SLM structure performance --- porosity --- formation mechanism --- magnesium --- part redesign --- forming morphology --- microhardness --- bonding quality --- electron beam melting --- mechanical properties --- frame structure reconstruction --- aging behaviour --- aluminum matrix composites --- Selective Laser Melting (SLM) --- maraging steel --- tailored blanks --- selective laser melting --- selective laser melting (SLM) --- 3D printing --- Ti6Al4V
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Additive manufacturing (AM), more commonly known as 3D printing, has grown trememdously in recent years. It has shown its potential uses in the medical, automotive, aerospace, and spare part sectors. Personal manufacturing, complex and optimized parts, short series manufacturing, and local on-demand manufacturing are just some of its current benefits. The development of new materials and equipment has opened up new application possibilities, and equipment is quicker and cheaper to use when utilizing the new materials launched by vendors and material developers. AM has become more critical for the industry but also for academics. Since AM offers more design freedom than any other manufacturing process, it provides designers with the challenge of designing better and more efficient products.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- additive manufacturing --- modular design --- design-for-manufacturability --- design optimization --- part consolidation --- product re-design --- topology optimization --- design for additive manufacturing --- 3D printing --- aerospace --- full-life cycle manufacturing flow --- airfoil --- carbon fiber tubes --- telescoping spars --- chevrons --- porous scaffold design --- tetrahedral implicit surface modeling --- triply periodic minimal surface --- selective laser melting (SLM) --- Ti6Al4V --- structure–property relationship --- microstructure --- Hall–Petch relationship --- n/a --- structure-property relationship --- Hall-Petch relationship
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Additive manufacturing (AM), more commonly known as 3D printing, has grown trememdously in recent years. It has shown its potential uses in the medical, automotive, aerospace, and spare part sectors. Personal manufacturing, complex and optimized parts, short series manufacturing, and local on-demand manufacturing are just some of its current benefits. The development of new materials and equipment has opened up new application possibilities, and equipment is quicker and cheaper to use when utilizing the new materials launched by vendors and material developers. AM has become more critical for the industry but also for academics. Since AM offers more design freedom than any other manufacturing process, it provides designers with the challenge of designing better and more efficient products.
additive manufacturing --- modular design --- design-for-manufacturability --- design optimization --- part consolidation --- product re-design --- topology optimization --- design for additive manufacturing --- 3D printing --- aerospace --- full-life cycle manufacturing flow --- airfoil --- carbon fiber tubes --- telescoping spars --- chevrons --- porous scaffold design --- tetrahedral implicit surface modeling --- triply periodic minimal surface --- selective laser melting (SLM) --- Ti6Al4V --- structure–property relationship --- microstructure --- Hall–Petch relationship --- n/a --- structure-property relationship --- Hall-Petch relationship
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The book deals with novel aspects and perspectives in metal oxide and hybrid material fabrication.
environment pollution --- Ti6Al4V titanium alloy --- polypropylene --- antibacterial --- physicochemical and morphological properties --- nanocomposites --- silica–lignin hybrid materials --- hazardous metals --- hierarchical --- oxyanions --- surface free energy --- CO2 capture --- dyes decolorization --- organic dyes decomposition --- mesoporous organosilica --- metal oxides --- surface layer --- mechanical properties --- ozone treatment --- adsorbents --- self-propagating --- molybdenum disulfide --- hybrid materials --- zirconia --- binary systems --- thermoplastic elastomers --- biodegradation --- sorption --- alumina --- binary oxide material --- porous hybrid adsorbents --- Ag-ZnO --- enzyme immobilization --- actinide --- photocatalysis --- aqueous durability --- zinc oxide --- inorganic oxide materials --- surface functionalization --- laccase --- nuclear waste --- water purification --- titanium dioxide --- polylactide --- zirconolite --- adhesive joint --- sol-gel method
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hardening --- microstructure --- stainless steel --- WC-12Co coatings --- gear oil --- high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF) --- material deformation --- thermochemical treatment --- wetting behavior --- cracking behavior --- properties of surface layers --- wear resistance --- nitriding --- thermal spraying --- surface engineering --- Cu–Sn --- wear behavior --- K417G Ni-based superalloy --- tribology --- AISI 316L --- joint replacements --- reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering --- micropitting --- scuffing --- laser forming repairing --- Ti6Al4V --- wire arc spray --- cavitation erosion --- surface modification --- HVOF --- wear --- surface morphology --- S-phase --- wood sanding --- friction behavior --- competitive mechanism --- tribological properties --- steel gears --- coating --- DLC coating --- PTFE --- laser texturing --- surface characterization --- elastic spring back --- laser remelting --- XANES spectroscopy --- coatings --- abrasive wear --- silicon nitride --- pitting --- TiO2 sol --- ploughing --- lubricous oxides --- electrodeposition
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Nowadays, polymer self-assembly has become extremely attractive for both biological (drug delivery, tissue engineering, scaffolds) and non-biological (packaging, semiconductors) applications. In nature, a number of key biological processes are driven by polymer self-assembly, for instance protein folding. Impressive morphologies can be assembled from polymers thanks to a diverse range of interactions involved, e.g., electrostatics, hydrophobic, hots-guest interactions, etc. Both 2D and 3D tailor-made assemblies can be designed through modern powerful techniques and approaches such as the layer-by-layer and the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, hard and soft templating. This Special Issue highlights contributions (research papers, short communications, review articles) that focus on recent developments in polymer self-assembly for both fundamental understanding the assembly phenomenon and real applications.
evaporative self-assembly --- encapsulation --- n/a --- microstructure --- solvent vapor annealing --- drug delivery --- polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane --- protein adsorption resistance --- photo-sensitive --- calcium carbonate --- fluorescence --- mucin --- polymerisation --- marine exopolysaccharide --- transglutaminases --- porous hydrogel --- adsorption --- aprotinin --- nanoparticle --- calcium alginate --- protamine --- nanocrystalline --- self-assembly --- morphological transformation --- cell culture --- block polymers --- stimuli-responsive polymer --- crosslinking --- mesoporous --- Ti6Al4V --- polymer --- flexible geometric confinement --- layer-by-layer --- surface modification --- co-synthesis --- nanolithography --- CaCO3 --- synthetic polypeptide --- air-liquid interface --- food industry --- stimuli-responsive polymers --- field-effect transistor --- Marangoni convection --- polymer scaffold --- collagen --- biomedicine --- thin films --- controlled release --- tension gradient --- monolayer
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Significant research efforts are currently being undertaken in the field of natural and synthetic polymers for a range of biomedical applications. (Co)polymer molecular structure, topology, self-assemblies, biodegradation, and hydrophobicity are of biomaterial importance for intrinsically biocompatible polymer systems. This book is comprised of nine chapters, published previously as original research contributions of the Special Issue focused on advances in polymeric materials for biomedical applications. The authors of these contributions are predominantly from central European countries, Italy and the United Kingdom. The content of this book will be of interest to scientists, scholars and students working in this area of knowledge, reflecting the progress in the development of advanced natural and synthetic polymer biomaterials.
Technology: general issues --- fish gelatin --- citric acid --- electrospinning --- pH --- thermal treatment --- gelatin structure --- crosslinking degree --- dendrimer --- metallodendrimer --- acridine --- antimicrobial activity --- antibacterial cotton --- polystyrene --- nylon 6 --- electrospun fibers --- composite mesh --- proliferation --- roughness --- Ti6Al4V --- polydopamine --- antimicrobial peptides --- cathelicidin --- KR-12 --- polyhydroxyalkanoates --- oligo(3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzoyloxymethyl)propionate) --- bioactive (co)oligoesters --- p-anisic acid derivatives --- hydrolytic degradation --- cosmetic delivery system --- ESI-MS --- multistage mass spectrometry --- whey protein isolate --- hydrogel --- tannic acid --- anticancer scaffold --- 3D printing --- fused deposition modelling (FDM) --- computer aided design (CAD) --- erosion test --- dissolution study --- dynamic light scattering (DLS) --- poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) --- immunomodulation --- cytokines --- RAW 264.7 --- phagocytosis --- cell internalization --- antifungal --- thymoquinone --- ocimene --- miramistin amphotericin b --- bacterial cellulose --- wound dressing
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The introduction of metal AM processes in such industrial sectors as the aerospace, automotive, defense, jewelry, medical and tool-making fields, has led to a significant reduction in waste material and in the lead times of the components, innovative designs with higher strength, lower weight, and fewer potential failure points from joining features. This Special Issue on “Additive Manufacturing (AM) of Metallic Alloys” contains a mixture of review articles and original contributions on some problems that limit the wider uptake and exploitation of metals in AM.
History of engineering & technology --- design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) --- displacements --- laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) --- manufacturing constraints --- stiffness --- costs --- melting of a powder bed --- laser welding --- optical diagnostics --- molten pool --- temperature field --- residual stresses --- electrochemical additive manufacturing --- fountain pen feed system --- metal 3D printer --- residual stress prediction --- IN718 --- experimental measurement of residual stress --- additive manufacturing --- support structure --- Powder Bed Fusion --- titanium alloy --- Ti-6Al-4V --- fracture behavior --- mechanical properties --- L-PBF --- in situ sensing --- quality assurance --- machine learning --- roughness --- electron beam melting (EBM) --- surface texture --- lack of fusion --- part quality --- Ti6Al4V --- metal additive manufacturing --- tempered --- ausrolled nanobainite --- microstructures --- n/a
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