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This Book, entiled “Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases”, presents the concept of united airway disease interaction, which comprises chronic rhinosinusitis and other lower airway disorders such as asthma. This concept furthers a deeper comprehension on the pathophysiology and management of upper and lower airway diseases. In this Book, the published papers cover different interesting topics such as healthcare equality, advanced biomarkers, accurate diagnosis and treatment, occupational exposure-induced upper airway allergy and neoplastic disease mimicking chronic rhinosinusitis.

Medicine --- chronic rhinosinusitis --- B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder --- sinus --- nasal allergies --- tannery worker --- Kanpur --- asthma --- ovalbumin --- saffron --- salbutamol --- IL’s --- TNF-α --- allergic rhinitis --- bronchial asthma --- allergy --- Th17 cells --- IL-17 --- IL-33 --- microRNA --- miR --- airway mucosal inflammation --- united airway disease --- acute rhinosinusitis --- acute recurrent rhinosinusitis --- Mediterranean diet --- nutritional evaluation --- nutritional therapy --- olfactory dysfunction --- anosmia --- post-acute COVID-19 --- nitric oxide --- NO --- exhaled NO --- FENO --- nasal peak flow --- atopic status --- total IgE --- specific IgE --- childhood asthma --- immunoblot --- ImmunoCAP --- otolaryngology --- sinusitis --- ethnic groups --- patient-reported outcome measures --- quality of life --- social justice --- n/a --- IL's

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Supporting initiation, development and resolution of appropriate immune responses is key to survival. Many nutrients and dietary components have been purported to have a role in supporting optimal immune function. This is vital throughout the life course, from the development and programming of the immune system in early life, to supporting immunity and reducing chronic inflammation in older people. In this special issue of Nutrients, we examine the evidence for the role of diet and dietary components in promoting protective immunity.

immunonutrition --- supplementation --- superoxide dismutase (SOD) --- fermented milk --- selenocysteine --- dendritic cells --- lipoxygenase (LOX) --- chronic inflammatory conditions --- formulation --- immune system --- cytokines --- skeletal muscle --- zinc --- non-digestible carbohydrates --- Toll-like receptor --- carbohydrates --- fiber --- lymphocytes --- antibody --- infants --- liver --- macrophage --- inflammatory process --- probiotic --- plant --- older people --- gut barrier --- infection --- amino acids --- gut --- T helper 1 (Th1) --- immunity --- T cells --- bioactive peptide --- inhibitor of kappa kinase (IKK) --- inflammation --- adhesion molecules --- leukocytes --- human milk oligosaccharides --- vitamin D --- food structure --- vitamin E --- mitogen-activated protein Kinase (MAPK) --- gut microbiota --- weaning --- homeostasis --- intestinal immune system --- extra-cellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) --- cyclooxygenase (COX) --- oxidative stress --- life course --- polyphenols --- oligosaccharides --- micronutrients --- Th17 --- obesity --- tolerance --- arachidonic acid --- growth factors --- anti-inflammation --- age-related immunity --- prebiotic --- biomarker --- microbiome --- functional foods --- immunosenescence --- nutrition --- molecular mechanisms --- metabolism --- macronutrients --- toll-like receptor 4 --- sepsis --- nutrition guidelines --- microbiota --- immunomodulation --- inflammatory markers --- elderly --- Th1/Th17 response --- adults --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- anorexia nervosa --- macrophages --- autoimmune diseases --- fatty acids --- T cell --- Treg --- breast milk --- nitric oxide synthase (NOS) --- chemokines --- anti-tumorigenic --- metabolites --- deficiency --- protein hydrolysate --- nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-?B) --- cancer

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This book collected recent innovative research and review articles on analytical techniques, production protocols, biotechnological tools, and new insights into bioactivities of ginsenosides including the effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hippocampal neurogenesis and inflammation as well as on diseases such as ischemic stroke, autoimmune diseases, and allergic disorders. Additionally, the analysis through molecular docking and an overview of the Panax ginseng pharmacopuncture were also presented.

Medicine --- Ginseng berries --- UPLC-QTOF/MS --- HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy --- ginsenoside --- primary metabolite --- notoginseng leaf triterpenes --- HMGB1 --- cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury --- inflammation --- MAPK --- NF-κB --- Panax ginseng --- wild ginseng --- pharmacopuncture --- safety --- clinical trials --- ocotillol type ginsenoside epimers --- stereoselective ADME characteristics --- molecular docking analysis --- homology modeling --- molecular interaction --- Rg3 --- Th17 --- RORγt --- EAE --- Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans --- complete genome sequence --- novel glycoside hydrolases --- bioconversion --- recombinant enzyme --- ginsenoside Rg3(S) --- gram unit production --- Asian ginseng --- American ginseng --- Panax quinquefolium L. --- ginsenosides --- anti-inflammation --- pro-resolving --- ginseng --- macrophage --- M2 polarization --- ginsenoside CK --- neurogenesis --- cell proliferation --- neuroprotection --- dammarane-type triterpene saponin --- ginsenoside MT1 --- transglycosylation --- biotransformation --- biotechnology --- Anxa2 --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- (20S)G-Rh2 --- bioreactor --- cell suspension --- hairy root --- polyploidy --- protoplast --- Panax sp. --- polysaccharides --- allergy --- immune system --- compound M1 --- hepatoprotective --- anti-cancer --- anti-diabetic --- Ginseng berries --- UPLC-QTOF/MS --- HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy --- ginsenoside --- primary metabolite --- notoginseng leaf triterpenes --- HMGB1 --- cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury --- inflammation --- MAPK --- NF-κB --- Panax ginseng --- wild ginseng --- pharmacopuncture --- safety --- clinical trials --- ocotillol type ginsenoside epimers --- stereoselective ADME characteristics --- molecular docking analysis --- homology modeling --- molecular interaction --- Rg3 --- Th17 --- RORγt --- EAE --- Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans --- complete genome sequence --- novel glycoside hydrolases --- bioconversion --- recombinant enzyme --- ginsenoside Rg3(S) --- gram unit production --- Asian ginseng --- American ginseng --- Panax quinquefolium L. --- ginsenosides --- anti-inflammation --- pro-resolving --- ginseng --- macrophage --- M2 polarization --- ginsenoside CK --- neurogenesis --- cell proliferation --- neuroprotection --- dammarane-type triterpene saponin --- ginsenoside MT1 --- transglycosylation --- biotransformation --- biotechnology --- Anxa2 --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- (20S)G-Rh2 --- bioreactor --- cell suspension --- hairy root --- polyploidy --- protoplast --- Panax sp. --- polysaccharides --- allergy --- immune system --- compound M1 --- hepatoprotective --- anti-cancer --- anti-diabetic

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This book collected recent innovative research and review articles on analytical techniques, production protocols, biotechnological tools, and new insights into bioactivities of ginsenosides including the effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition, hippocampal neurogenesis and inflammation as well as on diseases such as ischemic stroke, autoimmune diseases, and allergic disorders. Additionally, the analysis through molecular docking and an overview of the Panax ginseng pharmacopuncture were also presented.

Medicine --- Ginseng berries --- UPLC-QTOF/MS --- HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy --- ginsenoside --- primary metabolite --- notoginseng leaf triterpenes --- HMGB1 --- cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury --- inflammation --- MAPK --- NF-κB --- Panax ginseng --- wild ginseng --- pharmacopuncture --- safety --- clinical trials --- ocotillol type ginsenoside epimers --- stereoselective ADME characteristics --- molecular docking analysis --- homology modeling --- molecular interaction --- Rg3 --- Th17 --- RORγt --- EAE --- Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans --- complete genome sequence --- novel glycoside hydrolases --- bioconversion --- recombinant enzyme --- ginsenoside Rg3(S) --- gram unit production --- Asian ginseng --- American ginseng --- Panax quinquefolium L. --- ginsenosides --- anti-inflammation --- pro-resolving --- ginseng --- macrophage --- M2 polarization --- ginsenoside CK --- neurogenesis --- cell proliferation --- neuroprotection --- dammarane-type triterpene saponin --- ginsenoside MT1 --- transglycosylation --- biotransformation --- biotechnology --- Anxa2 --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- (20S)G-Rh2 --- bioreactor --- cell suspension --- hairy root --- polyploidy --- protoplast --- Panax sp. --- polysaccharides --- allergy --- immune system --- n/a --- compound M1 --- hepatoprotective --- anti-cancer --- anti-diabetic

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The book highlights important aspects of Molecular Psychiatry, including molecular mechanisms, animal models, biomarkers, advanced methods, drugs and antidepressant response, as well as genetics and epigenetics. Molecular mechanisms are a vital part of the search for the biological basis of psychiatric disorders, providing molecular hints that can later be tested as biomarkers or targets for drug development. Animal models represent a commonly used approach to aid in this bench-to-bed translation; the examples here are social defeat stress and the Roman High-Avoidance (RHA) and the Roman Low-Avoidance (RLA) rats. For biomarkers, psychiatric disorders pose a particular challenge due to the tissue specificity of many currently investigated biomarkers; i.e., not all blood-based measures directly represent changes in the brain. The Ebook includes five articles focused on the challenges of identifying clinically and biologically relevant biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Scientific progress typically is fostered by the development of new methods. The application of machine learning methods for the proper analysis of Big Data and induced pluripotent stem cells are examples outlined in this Ebook. Furthermore, three articles are devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms of actions of existing drugs with the ultimate goal of identifying ways to predict treatment response in patients. Finally, three articles deepen the insight into the genetics and epigenetics of psychiatric disorders.

Medicine --- Mental health services --- cardiovascular disease --- cell adhesion molecules --- immunology --- inflammation --- nervous system --- schizophrenia --- bipolar disorder --- major depressive disorder --- DNA methylation --- response variability --- antipsychotics --- drug design --- multi-target drugs --- polypharmacology --- multi-task learning --- machine learning --- biomarker discovery --- psychiatry --- serotonin --- 5-HT 4 receptor --- 5-HT4R --- depression --- mood disorder --- expression --- Alzheimer's disease --- cognition --- Parkinson's disease --- forced swimming --- Roman rat lines --- stress --- hippocampus --- BDNF --- trkB --- PSA-NCAM --- western blot --- immunohistochemistry --- general cognitive function --- intelligence --- GWAS --- genetic correlation --- childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) --- induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) --- copy number variation (CNV) --- early neurodevelopment --- neuronal differentiation --- synapse --- dendritic arborization --- miRNAs --- stress physiology --- cytoskeleton --- actin dynamics --- DRR1 --- TU3A --- FAM107A --- acid sphingomyelinase --- alcohol dependence --- liver enzymes --- sphingolipid metabolism --- withdrawal --- Hsp90 --- GR --- stress response --- steroid hormones --- molecular chaperones --- psychiatric disease --- circadian rhythms --- FKBP51 --- FKBP52 --- CyP40 --- PP5 --- DISC1 --- neurodevelopment --- CRMP-2 --- proteomics --- antidepressant treatment --- HPA axis --- gene expression --- FKBP5 --- sleep --- sleep EEG --- biomarkers --- antidepressants --- cordance --- gender --- sex difference --- antidepressant --- rapid-acting --- Ketamine --- endocrinology --- (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine --- electroconvulsive therapy --- basic-helix-loop-helix --- brain --- coactivator --- glucocorticoids --- mineralocorticoid receptor knockout --- transcription biology --- dopaminergic gene polymorphisms --- affective temperament --- obesity --- alpha-synuclein --- SNCA --- major depression --- Hamilton Scale of Depression --- chemokines --- neuroinflammation --- social defeat --- Immune response --- T cells --- susceptibility --- resilience --- Treg cells --- Th17 cells --- behavior --- PPARγ --- cardiovascular disease --- cell adhesion molecules --- immunology --- inflammation --- nervous system --- schizophrenia --- bipolar disorder --- major depressive disorder --- DNA methylation --- response variability --- antipsychotics --- drug design --- multi-target drugs --- polypharmacology --- multi-task learning --- machine learning --- biomarker discovery --- psychiatry --- serotonin --- 5-HT 4 receptor --- 5-HT4R --- depression --- mood disorder --- expression --- Alzheimer's disease --- cognition --- Parkinson's disease --- forced swimming --- Roman rat lines --- stress --- hippocampus --- BDNF --- trkB --- PSA-NCAM --- western blot --- immunohistochemistry --- general cognitive function --- intelligence --- GWAS --- genetic correlation --- childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) --- induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) --- copy number variation (CNV) --- early neurodevelopment --- neuronal differentiation --- synapse --- dendritic arborization --- miRNAs --- stress physiology --- cytoskeleton --- actin dynamics --- DRR1 --- TU3A --- FAM107A --- acid sphingomyelinase --- alcohol dependence --- liver enzymes --- sphingolipid metabolism --- withdrawal --- Hsp90 --- GR --- stress response --- steroid hormones --- molecular chaperones --- psychiatric disease --- circadian rhythms --- FKBP51 --- FKBP52 --- CyP40 --- PP5 --- DISC1 --- neurodevelopment --- CRMP-2 --- proteomics --- antidepressant treatment --- HPA axis --- gene expression --- FKBP5 --- sleep --- sleep EEG --- biomarkers --- antidepressants --- cordance --- gender --- sex difference --- antidepressant --- rapid-acting --- Ketamine --- endocrinology --- (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine --- electroconvulsive therapy --- basic-helix-loop-helix --- brain --- coactivator --- glucocorticoids --- mineralocorticoid receptor knockout --- transcription biology --- dopaminergic gene polymorphisms --- affective temperament --- obesity --- alpha-synuclein --- SNCA --- major depression --- Hamilton Scale of Depression --- chemokines --- neuroinflammation --- social defeat --- Immune response --- T cells --- susceptibility --- resilience --- Treg cells --- Th17 cells --- behavior --- PPARγ