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The Elements of Mental Tests provides an introduction to mental testing and the use of psychological and educational measures. Part I: The Elements of Measurement introduces the types of educational and psychological tests commonly in use, the test data those measures collect, and the types of test items that make up a test. Part II: The Elements of Test Scores introduces the mathematical models that professionals use to represent test-takers' answers to test questions. Part II begins with a review of basic statistics particularly relevant to measurement, including the conversion of test scores to z-scores and the use of correlation coefficients to relate test items and tests to one another. Part II continues with an integrated introduction to both Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory-- the most influential methods for understanding tests in use today. Part III: The Elements of Test Quality, examines the standards of good testing including a test's reliability and its precision of measurement, the evaluation of test validity, and the features of a good test administration. Altogether, the book provides a comprehensive foundation for readers who are interested in tests, in testing, and in the use of tests in contemporary life.

Educational tests and measurements. --- Psychological tests. --- Mental tests --- Psychological assessment --- Tests, Psychological --- Psychology --- Testing --- Clinical psychology --- Educational tests and measurements --- Educational assessment --- Educational measurements --- Tests and measurements in education --- Psychological tests for children --- Psychometrics --- Students --- Examinations --- Psychological tests --- Methodology --- Rating of --- Classical Test Theory --- Item Response Theory --- Mental Tests --- Psychological Tests

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In this issue, psychometrics researchers were invited to make reanalyses or extensions of a previously published dataset from a recent paper by Myszkowski and Storme (2018). The dataset analyzed consisted of responses to a multiple-choice logical reasoning nonverbal test, comprising the last series of Raven’s (1941) Standard Progressive Matrices. Although the original paper already proposed several modeling strategies, this issue presents new or improved procedures to study the psychometrics properties of tests of this type.

Psychology --- Raven matrices --- Standard Progressive Matrices test --- dimensionality --- bi-factor --- parallel analysis --- target rotation --- exploratory graph analysis --- E-assessment --- general mental ability --- nested logit models --- item-response theory --- ability-based guessing --- Standard Progressive Matrices --- Item Response Theory --- Bayesian statistics --- brms --- Stan --- R --- Raven’s progressive matrices --- intelligence --- distractors --- item analysis --- intelligence tests --- classical test theory --- IRT --- interaction model --- test-item regression --- Mokken scale analysis --- non-parametric item response theory --- psychometrics --- invariant item ordering --- regularized latent class analysis --- regularization --- fused regularization --- fused grouped regularization --- distractor analysis --- n/a --- Raven's progressive matrices

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In this issue, psychometrics researchers were invited to make reanalyses or extensions of a previously published dataset from a recent paper by Myszkowski and Storme (2018). The dataset analyzed consisted of responses to a multiple-choice logical reasoning nonverbal test, comprising the last series of Raven’s (1941) Standard Progressive Matrices. Although the original paper already proposed several modeling strategies, this issue presents new or improved procedures to study the psychometrics properties of tests of this type.

Psychology --- Raven matrices --- Standard Progressive Matrices test --- dimensionality --- bi-factor --- parallel analysis --- target rotation --- exploratory graph analysis --- E-assessment --- general mental ability --- nested logit models --- item-response theory --- ability-based guessing --- Standard Progressive Matrices --- Item Response Theory --- Bayesian statistics --- brms --- Stan --- R --- Raven's progressive matrices --- intelligence --- distractors --- item analysis --- intelligence tests --- classical test theory --- IRT --- interaction model --- test-item regression --- Mokken scale analysis --- non-parametric item response theory --- psychometrics --- invariant item ordering --- regularized latent class analysis --- regularization --- fused regularization --- fused grouped regularization --- distractor analysis --- Raven matrices --- Standard Progressive Matrices test --- dimensionality --- bi-factor --- parallel analysis --- target rotation --- exploratory graph analysis --- E-assessment --- general mental ability --- nested logit models --- item-response theory --- ability-based guessing --- Standard Progressive Matrices --- Item Response Theory --- Bayesian statistics --- brms --- Stan --- R --- Raven's progressive matrices --- intelligence --- distractors --- item analysis --- intelligence tests --- classical test theory --- IRT --- interaction model --- test-item regression --- Mokken scale analysis --- non-parametric item response theory --- psychometrics --- invariant item ordering --- regularized latent class analysis --- regularization --- fused regularization --- fused grouped regularization --- distractor analysis

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Special Issue “Advances in Management of Voice and Swallowing Disorders” is dedicated to innovations in screening and assessment and the effectiveness of interventions in both dysphonia and dysphagia. In contemporary practice, novel techniques have been introduced in diagnostics and rehabilitative interventions (e.g., machine learning, electrical stimulation). Similarly, advancements in methodological approaches to validate measures have been introduced (e.g., item response theory using Rasch analysis), prompting the need to develop new, robust measures for use in clinics and intervention studies. Against this backdrop, this Special Issue focuses on studies aiming to improve early diagnostics of laryngological disorders and its management. This issue also welcomes the submission of studies on diagnostic accuracy and psychometrics performance of existing and newly developed measures. This includes but is not limited to studies investigating screening tools with sound diagnostic accuracy and robust psychometric properties. Furthermore, interventions with high levels of evidence in relation to clinical outcome using robust methodology (e.g., sophisticated meta-analytic approaches) are of great interest. This issue provides an overview of the latest advances in voice and swallowing disorders.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- T1a glottic carcinoma --- transoral laser microsurgery --- treatment outcome --- vocal function --- objective voice diagnostics --- vocal extent measure (VEM) --- occupational voice disorders --- prevention --- prophylaxis --- teachers --- occupational health --- voice training --- balneotherapy --- dysphagia --- swallowing --- laryngeal penetration or aspiration --- deglutition --- reliability --- videofluoroscopic swallowing study --- deep learning --- machine learning --- Voice Handicap Index (VHI-9i) --- international short scale --- VHI-9i severity levels --- test-retest reliability --- validation of classification ranges --- self-assessed vocal impairment (VHIs) --- hoarseness --- dysphonia severity categories --- voice diagnostics --- deglutition disorders --- tongue --- exercise --- ageing --- Sob Voice Therapy --- Optimal Phonation Task --- Negative Practice --- auditory-perceptual analysis --- acoustic voice analysis --- laryngeal sensory dysfunction --- chronic refractory cough --- botulinum toxin --- larynx --- laryngeal hypersensitivity --- cough hypersensitivity syndrome --- globus pharyngeus --- laryngopharyngeal reflux --- neuropathic cough --- throat irritation --- auditory discrimination --- voice control --- voice assessment --- voice disorders --- swallowing disorders --- RCT --- intervention --- compensation --- rehabilitation --- classic test theory --- measure --- psychometrics --- videofluoroscopic swallow studies --- VMV --- neuromuscular electrical stimulation --- pharyngeal electrical stimulation --- PES --- NMES --- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation --- transcranial direct current stimulation --- rTMS --- tDCS --- T1a glottic carcinoma --- transoral laser microsurgery --- treatment outcome --- vocal function --- objective voice diagnostics --- vocal extent measure (VEM) --- occupational voice disorders --- prevention --- prophylaxis --- teachers --- occupational health --- voice training --- balneotherapy --- dysphagia --- swallowing --- laryngeal penetration or aspiration --- deglutition --- reliability --- videofluoroscopic swallowing study --- deep learning --- machine learning --- Voice Handicap Index (VHI-9i) --- international short scale --- VHI-9i severity levels --- test-retest reliability --- validation of classification ranges --- self-assessed vocal impairment (VHIs) --- hoarseness --- dysphonia severity categories --- voice diagnostics --- deglutition disorders --- tongue --- exercise --- ageing --- Sob Voice Therapy --- Optimal Phonation Task --- Negative Practice --- auditory-perceptual analysis --- acoustic voice analysis --- laryngeal sensory dysfunction --- chronic refractory cough --- botulinum toxin --- larynx --- laryngeal hypersensitivity --- cough hypersensitivity syndrome --- globus pharyngeus --- laryngopharyngeal reflux --- neuropathic cough --- throat irritation --- auditory discrimination --- voice control --- voice assessment --- voice disorders --- swallowing disorders --- RCT --- intervention --- compensation --- rehabilitation --- classic test theory --- measure --- psychometrics --- videofluoroscopic swallow studies --- VMV --- neuromuscular electrical stimulation --- pharyngeal electrical stimulation --- PES --- NMES --- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation --- transcranial direct current stimulation --- rTMS --- tDCS

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Experimental cognitive psychology research is a hidden force in our online lives. We engage with it, often unknowingly, whenever we download a health app, complete a Facebook quiz, or rate our latest purchase. How did experimental psychology come to play an outsized role in these developments? This book considers this question through a look at cognitive psychology laboratories. Emily Martin traces how psychological research methods evolved, escaped the boundaries of the discipline, and infiltrated social media and our digital universe.

Psychology --- Psychology, Experimental. --- Human experimentation in psychology. --- Experimental psychologists. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social. --- Cognitive psychology --- Experiments. --- Experimental psychology --- Experimental psychologists --- Psychological experiments --- Psychology, Experimental --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Experimentation on humans, Psychological --- Psychological experimentation on humans --- Psychologists, Experimental --- Psychological research personnel --- Psychologists --- Research --- Experiments --- Psychology - Experiments --- Cognitive psychology - Experiments --- Human experimentation in psychology --- Cognitive psychology. --- Abstraction. --- Analogy. --- Anthropologist. --- Anthropology. --- Basic science (psychology). --- Behavior. --- Behaviorism. --- Behavioural sciences. --- Calculation. --- Causality. --- Coaching. --- Cognition. --- Cognitive science. --- Collaboration. --- Consciousness. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Control room. --- Cross-cultural psychology. --- Cultural practice. --- Decision-making. --- Digital media. --- Electroencephalography. --- Experiment. --- Experimental data. --- Experimental psychology. --- Face perception. --- Folk psychology. --- Functional magnetic resonance imaging. --- Funding of science. --- Gestalt psychology. --- Hallucination. --- Heuristic. --- How the Mind Works. --- Human subject research. --- Idealization. --- Ideology. --- Imagination. --- Information seeking. --- Interrogation. --- Introspection. --- Laboratory Life. --- Language game. --- Lecture. --- Machine learning. --- Mental disorder. --- Mental representation. --- Microcomputer. --- Minds. --- Mood (psychology). --- Natural experiment. --- Neuropsychology. --- Neuroscientist. --- Objectivity (science). --- Observation. --- Opportunism. --- Organizing (management). --- Parapsychology. --- Perceptual psychology. --- Personality quiz. --- Persuasive technology. --- Pragmatism. --- Prediction. --- Product manager. --- Psyche (psychology). --- Psychic. --- Psychological Science. --- Psychological manipulation. --- Psychological research. --- Psychological testing. --- Psychologist. --- Psychology. --- Psychopathology. --- Qualia. --- Qualitative research. --- Questionnaire. --- Quiz. --- Replication crisis. --- Research assistant. --- Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming). --- Science project. --- Science. --- Scientific method. --- Scientist. --- Scrutiny. --- Self-report study. --- Social psychology. --- Software. --- Spiritualism. --- Stanford prison experiment. --- Stimulation. --- Subjectivity. --- Technology. --- Test theory. --- Theory of mind. --- Thought. --- User experience design. --- Valence (psychology). --- Vulnerability (computing). --- Wilhelm Wundt.