Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This study observed the frequency with which laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) entered polyvinylchloride (PVC) conduits placed in their cages to provide environmental enrichment. The study found that use of PVC conduits by Norway rats varied with subjects' strain, age, sex, and housing condition. Adult male Long-Evans rats rarely entered PVC conduits unless housed in pairs, in which case the lighter (presumably subordinate) pair member frequently used the conduit, possibly to avoid contact with his dominant partner. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats entered PVC conduits only during the illuminated portion of the day-night cycle and only if housed on shelves exposed to direct overhead illumination. Both juvenile rats and female rats made extensive use of PVC conduits throughout the day:night cycle. This paper discusses implications of these findings for determining how best to enrich environments in which laboratory rodents are maintained.

Adult. --- Age. --- Cage. --- Contact. --- Enrichment. --- Environment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Environments. --- Female rats. --- Female. --- Frequency. --- Housing. --- Illumination. --- Juvenile rats. --- Laboratory rat. --- Laboratory rats. --- Laboratory. --- Long-evans rats. --- Male. --- Pair housing. --- Paper. --- Pvc. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Rattus norvegicus. --- Rattus-norvegicus. --- Rodent. --- Rodents. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Sprague-dawley rats. --- Sprague-dawley.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Elevated levels of novelty seeking are often seen during adolescence. Recent studies using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm have shown that novelty may be rewarding for adult rats. The present study explored the impact of age, sex, and isolation stress on novelty seeking and novelty reward by assessing novel object-induced CPP in adolescent and adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats housed either socially or in isolation. Responding to the novel objects during conditioning was higher in adolescent animals than adults, and was suppressed by social isolation only in adulthood, particularly among males. Novel object CPP was strong among adolescent males, whereas only socially isolated adult males demonstrated preference for the compartment paired with the novel objects. This age difference was not evident in females, with both adolescent and adult group-housed females, but not their isolated counterparts, showing novel-object place conditioning. These dissociations between novelty-directed behaviors during conditioning and novelty reward in the CPP paradigm support the suggestion that mechanisms underlying novelty seeking are separable from those involved in the rewarding effects of novelty. High levels of novelty seeking demonstrated by adolescents do not necessarily predict high rewarding properties of novelty, with the latter also being influenced by environmental and gender-related factors. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Adolescence. --- Adult rats. --- Adult-rat. --- Adult-rats. --- Adult. --- Adulthood. --- Age. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Antagonism. --- Behavior. --- Behavioral-responses. --- Conditioned place preference. --- Conditioning. --- Developmental differences. --- Female rats. --- Female. --- Females. --- Inhibition. --- Isolation stress. --- Isolation. --- Level. --- Male. --- Males. --- Mechanisms. --- Novelty-seeking. --- Novelty. --- Object. --- Objects. --- Preference. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Rattus-norvegicus. --- Reared rats. --- Reward. --- Seeking. --- Sex differences. --- Sex-differences. --- Sex. --- Sexes. --- Social isolation. --- Social-isolation. --- Social. --- Sprague-dawley rats. --- Sprague-dawley. --- Stress. --- Time.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

There is global interest in using insects as food and feed. However, before insects can be recommended as a type of nourishment to augment more traditional and widely accepted sources of food and feed, it is essential that in-depth research involving a variety of subjects is carried out. We can learn from societies in which insects are still a component of the local diet which species are preferred and how they are prepared for human consumption. We need information on the chemical composition of edible insects and have to make sure we know what kinds of micro-organisms and pathogens they contain. Legal questions in relation to the sale and breeding of certain species need to be addressed, and medicinal aspects of edible insects and their products should be examined. How best to market selected species and make them palatable to a clientele that more than often rejects the idea of insects in the diet are further important aspects in need of study. This book deals with these questions in 19 articles written by experts from at least 20 different countries that represent a range of disciplines. As such, it is a useful tome for a wide range of food researchers.

entomophagy --- novel food --- neophobia --- disgust --- edible insects --- mealworm --- Tenebrio molitor --- insects --- sensory --- model system --- insect --- food --- avoid --- attitude --- psychology --- willingness to eat --- Alcalase --- insect powders --- Acheta domesticus --- Enterococcus --- antioxidant activity --- biodiversity --- bioresource --- culture --- edible insect --- defatted powder --- mealworm oil --- characteristics --- feed supplementation --- growth performance --- nutrient composition --- emotions --- sociolinguistics --- food choice --- mirror neurons --- steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powder --- alcoholic fatty liver --- ethanol --- lipogenesis --- fatty acid oxidation --- Sprague-Dawley rats --- protein hydrolysate --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- degree of hydrolysis --- techno-functional properties --- novel proteins --- consumer analysis --- DRSA --- Amino acids --- fatty acids --- minerals --- antioxidant --- antimicrobial --- supplement --- sustainable food --- food safety --- blood coagulation --- platelet aggregation --- haemolysis --- Teleogryllus emma --- food law --- Africa --- food hygiene --- food policy --- processing --- traditional knowledge --- food/feed safety --- nutrition --- yellow mealworm --- processed --- shelf life --- Antheraea assamensis --- Apis cerana indica --- honey --- Nagaland --- preparation --- Samia cynthia ricini --- Vespa mandarinia --- Vespula orbata --- silkworm --- thermal processing --- antioxidant activities --- silkworm powder --- alternative food resource --- wasp larva --- Vespa velutina nigrithorax --- insect edibility --- food shortage --- acceptance --- bio-active compounds --- nutrients

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

There is global interest in using insects as food and feed. However, before insects can be recommended as a type of nourishment to augment more traditional and widely accepted sources of food and feed, it is essential that in-depth research involving a variety of subjects is carried out. We can learn from societies in which insects are still a component of the local diet which species are preferred and how they are prepared for human consumption. We need information on the chemical composition of edible insects and have to make sure we know what kinds of micro-organisms and pathogens they contain. Legal questions in relation to the sale and breeding of certain species need to be addressed, and medicinal aspects of edible insects and their products should be examined. How best to market selected species and make them palatable to a clientele that more than often rejects the idea of insects in the diet are further important aspects in need of study. This book deals with these questions in 19 articles written by experts from at least 20 different countries that represent a range of disciplines. As such, it is a useful tome for a wide range of food researchers.

Technology: general issues --- entomophagy --- novel food --- neophobia --- disgust --- edible insects --- mealworm --- Tenebrio molitor --- insects --- sensory --- model system --- insect --- food --- avoid --- attitude --- psychology --- willingness to eat --- Alcalase --- insect powders --- Acheta domesticus --- Enterococcus --- antioxidant activity --- biodiversity --- bioresource --- culture --- edible insect --- defatted powder --- mealworm oil --- characteristics --- feed supplementation --- growth performance --- nutrient composition --- emotions --- sociolinguistics --- food choice --- mirror neurons --- steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powder --- alcoholic fatty liver --- ethanol --- lipogenesis --- fatty acid oxidation --- Sprague-Dawley rats --- protein hydrolysate --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- degree of hydrolysis --- techno-functional properties --- novel proteins --- consumer analysis --- DRSA --- Amino acids --- fatty acids --- minerals --- antioxidant --- antimicrobial --- supplement --- sustainable food --- food safety --- blood coagulation --- platelet aggregation --- haemolysis --- Teleogryllus emma --- food law --- Africa --- food hygiene --- food policy --- processing --- traditional knowledge --- food/feed safety --- nutrition --- yellow mealworm --- processed --- shelf life --- Antheraea assamensis --- Apis cerana indica --- honey --- Nagaland --- preparation --- Samia cynthia ricini --- Vespa mandarinia --- Vespula orbata --- silkworm --- thermal processing --- antioxidant activities --- silkworm powder --- alternative food resource --- wasp larva --- Vespa velutina nigrithorax --- insect edibility --- food shortage --- acceptance --- bio-active compounds --- nutrients