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La laïcité peut-elle être un vecteur de démocratisation dans les pays musulmans ? En analysant l'histoire de la Tunisie, de l'Algérie, de l'Egypte, de la Syrie, de l'Irak, de l'Iran et de la Turquie, Pierre-Jean Luizard pose de manière nouvelle et lumineuse les enjeux actuels de la question laïque en terres d'islam. Imposée par Mustafa Kemal au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, la laïcité devient la religion civile du nouvel Etat-nation turc et un modèle pour l'ensemble du monde musulman : au cours du XXe siècle s'y répandent ainsi des idéologies nationalistes qui cherchent dans la race, l'histoire ou la langue, des principes d'union, en remplacement des identités religieuses encore dominantes. Dès lors, les terres d'islam n'ont connu que des laïcités autoritaires qui ont paru bloquer toute émergence des sociétés civiles. Depuis Bourguiba jusqu'à Saddam Hussein en passant par le chah d'Iran, les professions de foi laïques ou laïcisantes ont été perçues comme le corollaire de régimes dictatoriaux et/ou de la perpétuation de la domination occidentale. Le seul pays musulman où la laïcité a été acceptée et intégrée culturellement est la Turquie. Pourtant, elle a connu un face-à-face permanent entre des élites laïques et autoritaires au pouvoir et une société civile qui s'est exprimée de façon croissante par l'islam. De ce fait, elle partage aujourd'hui avec les autres pays musulmans une certaine configuration post-coloniale bien qu'elle n'ait pas été colonisée... Les dernières interventions de l'armée turque ne rappellent-elles pas celle de l'armée algérienne, mettant un coup d'arrêt au processus électoral de 1992 ? La monarchie pahlavie en Iran, les régimes tunisien ou baassistes d'Irak et de Syrie, n'ont-ils pas été confrontés, à l'instar de l'Egypte de Nasser, à des défis similaires où la modernisation imposée par le haut a fait de l'idéal laïque ou laïcisant un repoussoir pour des sociétés bâillonnées ?

Democracy --- Religion and politics --- Islam and secularism --- Démocratie --- Religion et politique --- Islam et laïcité --- Secularism --- Islamic countries --- Politics and government --- Démocratie --- Islam et laïcité --- Secularism - Islamic countries --- Islamic countries - Politics and government - 20th century

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Examining the development of contemporary Islamic movements and thought through the biographies of nine major activist intellectuals whose work provides the core of the Islamic resurgence, this text contributes new understanding.

Intellectuals --- Islam and secularism --- Islam --- Muslim scholars --- 846 Etniciteit --- 840 Samenleving en staat --- 297 "19" --- Scholars, Muslim --- -Intellectuals --- -Islam and secularism --- -Islam --- -Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Secularism and Islam --- Intelligentsia --- Islamic scholars --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--20e eeuw. Periode 1900-1999 --- Savants musulmans --- Intellectuels --- Islam et laïcité --- Biography --- Biography. --- Biographies --- Histoire --- Secularism --- Persons --- Social classes --- Specialists --- Scholars --- Intellectuals. --- Muslim scholars. --- Islam and secularism. --- Muslim scholars - Islamic countries - Biography --- Intellectuals - Islamic countries - Biography --- Islam and secularism - Islamic countries --- Islam - 20th century --- Political activists --- Islam and politics.

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Is Islam compatible with democracy and the West? How do Muslim communities understand the concept of the secular? How have contemporary Islamic scholars addressed the topic and why? How does living in a secularized context affect the everyday lives of Muslim women living in the west? What about the so-called 'secular' Muslims? These and other questions are discussed in Muslim Societies and the Challenge of Secularization: An Interdisciplinary Approach. A timely collection which, for the first time, explores these themes from a strong interdisciplinary approach. This book provides theoretical and ethnographic discussion of both the experience of Muslims vis-a-vis the idea of the secular as well as the revival of the discourse of secularism within the western context. Through its interdisciplinary approach and the case studies of different Muslim communities, this book avoids some of the clichés and essentialism which often affect the analysis of secularization and Islam. The collection aims to open a discussion and provide glimpses into current studies on the topic.

Globalization -- Religious aspects -- Islam. --- Islam and secularism. --- Islam and state. --- Muslims -- Non-Muslim countries. --- Secularism -- Islamic countries. --- Islam and secularism --- Secularism --- Muslims --- Globalization --- Islam and state --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Islam --- Religion - General --- Religious aspects --- Secularization. --- Islamic sociology. --- Globalization. --- Social life and customs. --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- Muslim sociology --- Sociology, Islamic --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- Appropriation and impropriation --- Impropriation --- Secularization --- Secularism and Islam --- Law and legislation --- Religion. --- Political science. --- Law. --- Anthropology. --- Sociology. --- Religion and culture. --- Religious Studies. --- Religious Studies, general. --- Sociology of Culture. --- Political Science. --- Sociology, general. --- Law, general. --- Church and state --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Sociology --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- Human beings --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- God --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Culture. --- Social theory --- Cultural sociology --- Culture --- Sociology of culture --- Civilization --- Popular culture --- Social aspects --- Primitive societies