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Radio telescopes as well as communication antennas operate under the influence of gravity, temperature and wind. Among those, temperature influences may degrade the performance of a radio telescope through transient changes of the focus, pointing, path length and sensitivity, often in an unpredictable way. Thermal Design and Thermal Behaviour of Radio Telescopes and their Enclosures reviews the design and construction principles of radio telescopes in view of thermal aspects and heat transfer with the variable thermal environment; it explains supporting thermal model calculations and the application and efficiency of thermal protection and temperature control; it presents many measurements illustrating the thermal behaviour of telescopes in the environment of their observatory sites. The book benefits scientists and radio/communication engineers, telescope designers and construction firms as well as telescope operators, observatory staff, but also the observing astronomer who is directly confronted with the thermal behaviour of a telescope.

Radio telescopes. --- Electronic apparatus and appliances --- Optical materials --- Temperature control. --- Effect of high temperatures on. --- Radio telescope --- Radiotelescopes --- Optics --- Materials --- Temperature control --- Telescopes --- Radar telescopes

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This volume gives an historical overview of the development of professional optical and radio observatories from 1945 to today. It covers the environment in which these facilities were developed by organisations in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, often led by larger-than-life individuals, as well as exploring the financial and political factors that both constrained and encouraged progress. As ever more expensive optical facilities were built, they exploited new technologies to significantly improve their performance: CCDs, active and adaptive optics, and spun honeycomb and segmented mirrors. The second half of this volume turns to the parallel history of radio astronomy facilities throughout the world, finishing with the ALMA observatory in Chile. This is the ground-based companion to the author's previous work on space astronomy, New Cosmic Horizons (2001). It is written for both technical and non-technical readers interested in the modern history of astronomy and its observational facilities.

Astronomical observatories. --- Radio astronomy observatories. --- Observatories. --- Telescopes. --- Radio telescopes. --- Astronomy --- History --- Radio telescope --- Radiotelescopes --- Telescopes --- Radar telescopes --- Astronomical telescopes --- Optical telescopes --- Telescope --- Astronomical instruments --- Optical instruments --- Astronomical observatories --- Observatories --- Buildings --- Research

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This book is a personal account of the evolution of millimeter-wave astronomy at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. It begins with the construction of the hugely successful, but flawed, 36 ft radio telescope on Kitt Peak, Arizona, and continues through the funding of its ultimate successor, the Atacama Large Millimeter-wave Array (ALMA), being constructed on a 5.000 m (16.500 ft) site in northern Chile. The book describes the behind-the-scene activities of the NRAO Tucson staff. These include the identification and solution of technical problems, the scheduling and support of visiting astronomers, and the preparations and the politics of the proposal to replace the 36 ft telescope with a 25 m telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The book also describes the installation of a new 12 m surface and the involvement of the Tucson staff in the ALMA project. Finally, it describes events leading to the closing of the 36 ft telescope and, eventually, of the NRAO offices in Tucson.

Millimeter astronomy --- Radio astronomy observatories --- Radio telescopes --- History. --- Design and construction --- National Radio Astronomy Observatory (U.S.) --- Radio telescope --- Radiotelescopes --- Telescopes --- Radar telescopes --- Astronomical observatories --- Millimeter-wave radio astronomy --- Millimetre astronomy --- Radio astronomy --- Radio Astronomy Observatory (U.S.) --- United States. --- National Science Foundation (U.S.). --- Associated Universities, Inc. --- NRAO

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The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will provide more than one order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity compared with any existing radio telescope over a wavelength range of several hundred to one, from decametric to microwave wavelengths. It will revolutionize the study of the most abundant element in the Universe, hydrogen, from the epoch of reionisation to the present-day, probing the onset formation period of the very first stars, will closely scan proto-planets and, through the precision timing of pulsars, will detect the distortions of space-time due to gravitational radiation. The SKA is a sensing network spanning 3000 km from its centre and with a collecting area of more than 1 square kilometre, using technologies of the 21st century. The SKA will make the study of a wide range of phenomena initially studied at other wavelengths possible at radio wavelengths, as well as opening a new discovery window on new phenomena at radio wavelengths. Symposium 7 of the JENAM 2010 aimed at bringing these diverse opportunities to the attention of both theoretical and observational astronomers working at all wavelengths, including the potential for synergies with other facilities. The meeting ·        highlighted the scientific potential of the SKA ·        discussed  scientific priorities and their impact on the design of the SKA ·        explored the synergies between the SKA and other next-generation astronomical facilities in different wavelength domains such as the ALMA, ELTs, LSST, JWST, GRE, IXO, Gaia and Euclid, and high-energy facilities (Auger) ·        explored the “cyber–infrastructure” that may become available for the distribution and distributed analysis of SKA data.

Radio telescopes. --- Square Kilometer Array (Spacecraft). --- Radio telescopes --- Radio astronomy --- Radio sources (Astronomy) --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy - General --- Observations --- Radio telescope --- Radiotelescopes --- Physics. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Astronomy --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Observations. --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Telescopes --- Radar telescopes --- Astronomy—Observations.

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 The goal of the project presented in this book is to detect neutrinos created by resonant interactions of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays on the CMB photon field filling the Universe. In this pioneering first analysis, the author puts forward much of the analysis framework, including calibrations of the electronic hardware and antenna geometry, as well as the development of algorithms for event reconstruction and data reduction. While only two of the 37 stations planned for the Askaryan Radio Array were used in this assessment of 10 months of data, the analysis was able to exclude neutrino fluxes above 10 PeV with a limit not far from the best current limit set by the IceCube detector, a result which establishes the radio detection technique as the path forward to achieving the massive volumes needed to detect these ultrahigh energy neutrinos.

Physics. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Particle acceleration. --- Physique --- Particules (Physique nucléaire) --- Accélération --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Radio telescopes --- Cosmic rays. --- Design and construction. --- Millikan rays --- Radio telescope --- Radiotelescopes --- Astrophysics. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Extraterrestrial radiation --- Ionizing radiation --- Nuclear physics --- Radioactivity --- Space environment --- Telescopes --- Radar telescopes --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Acceleration --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics