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2022 (3)

2019 (2)

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Book
New Approaches for the Discovery of Pharmacologically-Active Natural Compounds
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ISBN: 3039211056 3039211048 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

A major source of active compounds, natural products from different sources supply a large variety of molecules that have been approved for clinical use or used as the starting points of optimization programs. This book features nine papers (eight full articles and one review paper) written by more than 45 scientists from around the world. These papers illustrate the development and application of a broad range of computational and experimental techniques applied to natural product research. On behalf of the contributors to the book, our hope is that the research presented here contributes to advancements in the field, and encourages multidisciplinary teams, young scientists, and students to further advance in the discovery of pharmacologically-active natural compounds


Book
Synthesis and Applications of Biopolymer Composites
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ISBN: 3039211331 3039211323 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book, as a collection of 17 research articles, provides a selection of the most recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of environmentally friendly and biodegradable biopolymer composites and nanocomposites. Recently, the demand has been growing for a clean and pollution-free environment and an evident target regarding the minimization of fossil fuel usage. Therefore, much attention has been focused on research to replace petroleum-based commodity plastics by biodegradable materials arising from biological and renewable resources. Biopolymers—polymers produced from natural sources either chemically from a biological material or biosynthesized by living organisms—are suitable alternatives for addressing these issues due to their outstanding properties, including good barrier performance, biodegradation ability, and low weight. However, they generally possess poor mechanical properties, a short fatigue life, low chemical resistance, poor long-term durability, and limited processing capability. In order to overcome these deficiencies, biopolymers can be reinforced with fillers or nanofillers (with at least one of their dimensions in the nanometer range). Bionanocomposites are advantageous for a wide range of applications, such as in medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food packaging, agriculture, forestry, electronics, transport, construction, and many more.

Keywords

biodegradable films --- chitosan --- natural rubber --- n/a --- toughening --- elastomer --- deoxycholic acid --- cellulose fibers --- amphiphilic polymer --- cross-link density --- antioxidant activity --- nanocomposites --- silk fibroin --- impact properties --- conductivity --- antimicrobial agents --- Py-GC/MS --- Poly(propylene carbonate) --- biodisintegration --- peptide-cellulose conformation --- nanocomposite --- alginate films --- toughness --- protease sensor --- physical and mechanical properties --- biocomposites --- nanocellulose --- thermal decomposition kinetics --- potato protein --- micelles --- nanofibers --- mechanical properties --- active packaging materials --- cellulose --- structural profile --- glycol chitosan --- glass transition --- essential oils --- compatibility --- plasticized starch --- natural fibers --- biopolyester --- human neutrophil elastase --- biodegradation --- bio-composites --- fiber/matrix adhesion --- ?-tocopherol succinate --- MgO whiskers --- carbon nanotubes --- PLLA --- electrospinning --- chitin nanofibrils --- FTIR --- biopolymers composites --- DMA --- wheat gluten --- water uptake --- folic acid --- polycarbonate --- aerogel --- surfactant --- paclitaxel --- chemical pre-treatment --- biomass --- thermoplastic polyurethane --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- stress-strain --- polyfunctional monomers --- bio-based polymers --- tensile properties --- compatibilizer --- TG/FTIR --- PVA --- in vitro degradation --- poly(lactic acid) --- heat deflection temperature


Book
Historical Wood: Structure, Properties and Conservation
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book is a selection of manuscripts devoted to the conservation and preservation of wooden cultural heritage. The articles present the new methods for conservation of various historical wooden artefacts, reliable modern techniques for characterisation of the wood structure, properties and degree of degradation, and discusses problems and doubts related to all aspects of conservation and re-conservation of wooden cultural heritage. It contains both review and research papers to give the readers a broader picture of the problems and issues related to the conservation of wooden historical objects and structures. We need to remember that wooden cultural heritage is an integral part of our culture and history that define our humanity. We are obliged to protect it, save it from oblivion, and preserve it for future generations.

Keywords

The arts --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) --- archaeological wood --- wood conservation and preservation --- piles --- waterlogged wood --- soft rot --- decay --- microscopy --- degraded wood --- silane --- FT-IR --- alkoxysilanes --- wood-silane interactions --- wood stabilisation --- wood conservation --- silane treatment --- reliquary --- electron microscopy --- wood --- restoration --- halloysite nanotubes --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) --- wood properties --- microbial composition --- gap-fillers --- gap-filling materials --- wooden artefacts --- wood exposed outdoors --- microballoons --- resins --- glass beads --- cellulose powder --- binders --- hygrothermal performance --- timber buildings --- cultural heritage --- numerical simulations --- monitoring and sensors --- climate models --- fungi identification --- mold growth modelling --- soda lignin --- penetration --- infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) --- pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- historical wood --- wood degradation --- artefact --- heritage --- conservation --- cultural conservator --- consolidation --- sorption --- degradation --- drying --- PEG --- alum --- reburial --- in situ preservation --- medieval shipwreck --- charred wood --- chemical analysis --- EDS --- FTIR --- XRD --- proximate analysis --- PEG treatment --- acetic acid --- volatile emissions --- GC–MS --- marine archaeological wood --- moisture content --- polyethylene glycol --- computational modelling --- Mary Rose --- predictive model --- archaeological wooden structures --- structural analysis --- geodetic systems --- drying process --- heritage wood --- sustainability --- bio-based polymers --- consolidants --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) --- archaeological wood --- wood conservation and preservation --- piles --- waterlogged wood --- soft rot --- decay --- microscopy --- degraded wood --- silane --- FT-IR --- alkoxysilanes --- wood-silane interactions --- wood stabilisation --- wood conservation --- silane treatment --- reliquary --- electron microscopy --- wood --- restoration --- halloysite nanotubes --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) --- wood properties --- microbial composition --- gap-fillers --- gap-filling materials --- wooden artefacts --- wood exposed outdoors --- microballoons --- resins --- glass beads --- cellulose powder --- binders --- hygrothermal performance --- timber buildings --- cultural heritage --- numerical simulations --- monitoring and sensors --- climate models --- fungi identification --- mold growth modelling --- soda lignin --- penetration --- infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) --- pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- historical wood --- wood degradation --- artefact --- heritage --- conservation --- cultural conservator --- consolidation --- sorption --- degradation --- drying --- PEG --- alum --- reburial --- in situ preservation --- medieval shipwreck --- charred wood --- chemical analysis --- EDS --- FTIR --- XRD --- proximate analysis --- PEG treatment --- acetic acid --- volatile emissions --- GC–MS --- marine archaeological wood --- moisture content --- polyethylene glycol --- computational modelling --- Mary Rose --- predictive model --- archaeological wooden structures --- structural analysis --- geodetic systems --- drying process --- heritage wood --- sustainability --- bio-based polymers --- consolidants


Book
Microplastics Degradation and Characterization
Author:
ISBN: 3036552650 3036552669 Year: 2022 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

In the last decade, issues related to pollution from microplastics in all environmental compartments and the associated health and environmental risks have been the focus of intense social, media, and political attention worldwide. The assessment, quantification, and study of the degradation processes of plastic debris in the ecosystem and its interaction with biota have been and are still the focus of intense multidisciplinary research. Plastic particles in the range from 1 to 5 mm and those in the sub-micrometer range are commonly denoted as microplastics and nanoplastics, respectively. Microplastics (MPs) are being recognized as nearly ubiquitous pollutants in water bodies, but their actual concentration, distribution, and effects on natural waters, sediments, and biota are still largely unknown. Contamination by microplastics of agricultural soil and other environmental areas is also becoming a matter of concern. Sampling, separation, detection, characterization and evaluating the degradation pathways of micro- and nano-plastic pollutants dispersed in the environment is a challenging and critical goal to understand their distribution, fate, and the related hazards for ecosystems. Given the interest in this topic, this Special Issue, entitled “Microplastics Degradation and Characterization”, is concerned with the latest developments in the study of microplastics.

Keywords

Mathematics & science --- Chemistry --- Quantum & theoretical chemistry --- PEEK --- SIRM --- damage mechanisms --- GISAXS --- irradiation --- micro and nanoplastics --- freshwater --- sludge --- optical detection --- portable devices --- in situ detection --- microplastics --- marine sediment --- pet --- nylon 6 --- nylon 6,6 --- reversed-phase HPLC --- polyolefin --- polystyrene --- Pyr-GC/MS --- polymer degradation --- microparticles --- PLA --- PBS --- enzymes --- specificity --- thermal profile --- activation energy --- wastewater --- Raman spectroscopy --- laser speckle pattern --- transmittance --- sedimentation --- HDPE --- microbeads --- photocatalysis --- scavengers --- C,N-TiO2 --- remediation --- nanotechnology --- plastic pollution --- visible light photodegradation --- microplastic --- ratiometric detection --- no-wash fluorescent probe --- imaging --- one-pot reaction --- water remediation --- nanoplastic --- artificial ageing --- polyolefins --- polyethylene terephthalate --- microplastic fiber --- washing textile --- drying textile --- polyester yarn types --- microplastic extraction --- oil extraction --- density separation --- GC–MS --- mass spectrometry identification --- plastic polymers --- polyethylene --- terrestrial --- soil --- polymers --- geotechnics --- landfills --- geosynthetics --- GCL --- clay liner --- hydraulic conductivity --- plastics --- anthropogenic activities --- quantification --- marine --- multi-parametric platform --- bioplastics --- marine environment --- spectroscopy --- resin pellets --- nanoplastics --- microplastic detection and identification --- microplastic quantification --- food packaging --- particle release --- plastic consumption --- ecotoxicity assessment --- size influence --- concentration influence --- microplastic pellets --- weathering --- degradation --- Yellowness Index --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- persistent organic pollutants --- oxidative digestion --- Fenton’s reagent --- virgin --- aged --- SEM --- FTIR --- PAHs --- surface water --- chemical composition --- Ho Chi Minh City --- cement mortars --- municipal incinerated bottom ash --- PET pellets --- hydrogel --- potassium and sodium polyacrylate --- swelling --- physicochemical changes in the water --- polymeric nanoparticles --- Portugal --- resin --- pharmaceutical --- PVC --- paint --- wastewater treatment plant --- South China Sea --- pollution --- Py-GC/MS --- fragmentation and degradation --- mechanism


Book
Historical Wood: Structure, Properties and Conservation
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

This book is a selection of manuscripts devoted to the conservation and preservation of wooden cultural heritage. The articles present the new methods for conservation of various historical wooden artefacts, reliable modern techniques for characterisation of the wood structure, properties and degree of degradation, and discusses problems and doubts related to all aspects of conservation and re-conservation of wooden cultural heritage. It contains both review and research papers to give the readers a broader picture of the problems and issues related to the conservation of wooden historical objects and structures. We need to remember that wooden cultural heritage is an integral part of our culture and history that define our humanity. We are obliged to protect it, save it from oblivion, and preserve it for future generations.

Keywords

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) --- archaeological wood --- wood conservation and preservation --- piles --- waterlogged wood --- soft rot --- decay --- microscopy --- degraded wood --- silane --- FT-IR --- alkoxysilanes --- wood-silane interactions --- wood stabilisation --- wood conservation --- silane treatment --- reliquary --- electron microscopy --- wood --- restoration --- halloysite nanotubes --- Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck --- waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) --- wood properties --- microbial composition --- gap-fillers --- gap-filling materials --- wooden artefacts --- wood exposed outdoors --- microballoons --- resins --- glass beads --- cellulose powder --- binders --- hygrothermal performance --- timber buildings --- cultural heritage --- numerical simulations --- monitoring and sensors --- climate models --- fungi identification --- mold growth modelling --- soda lignin --- penetration --- infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) --- pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- historical wood --- wood degradation --- artefact --- heritage --- conservation --- cultural conservator --- consolidation --- sorption --- degradation --- drying --- PEG --- alum --- reburial --- in situ preservation --- medieval shipwreck --- charred wood --- chemical analysis --- EDS --- FTIR --- XRD --- proximate analysis --- PEG treatment --- acetic acid --- volatile emissions --- GC–MS --- marine archaeological wood --- moisture content --- polyethylene glycol --- computational modelling --- Mary Rose --- predictive model --- archaeological wooden structures --- structural analysis --- geodetic systems --- drying process --- heritage wood --- sustainability --- bio-based polymers --- consolidants

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