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Book
Concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting III : proceedings of the 3rd international conference on concrete repair, rehabilitation and retrofitting (ICCRRR), Cape Town, South Africa, September 3-5, 2012
Authors: --- --- --- ---
ISBN: 9780415899529 Year: 2012 Publisher: Boca Raton : CRC press,


Book
Control of cardiac output
Author:
ISBN: 1615040218 1615040226 Year: 2010 Publisher: [San Rafael, Calif.?] : Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences,

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Abstract

Although cardiac output is measured as the flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, the system that controls cardiac output includes many other components besides the heart itself. The heart's rate of output cannot exceed the rate of venous return to it, and therefore, the factors governing venous return are primarily responsible for control of output from the heart. Venous return is affected by its pressure gradient and resistance to flow throughout the vascular system. The pressure gradient for venous return is a function of several factors including the blood volume flowing through the system, the unstressed vascular volume of the circulatory system, its capacitance, mean systemic pressure, and right atrial pressure. Resistance to venous return is the sum of total vascular resistance from the aortic valve to the right atrium. The sympathetic nervous system and vasoactive circulating hormones affect short-term resistance, whereas local tissue blood flow autoregulatory mechanisms are the dominant determinants of long-term resistance to venous return. The strength of contraction of the heart responds to changes in atrial pressure driven by changes in venous return, with small changes in atrial pressure eliciting large changes in strength of contraction, as described by the Frank-Starling mechanism. In addition, the autonomic nervous system input to the heart alters myocardial pumping ability in response to cardiovascular challenges. The function of the cardiovascular system is strongly affected by the operation of the renal sodium excretion-body fluid volume-arterial pressure negative feedback system that maintains arterial blood pressure at a controlled value over long periods. The intent of this volume is to integrate the basic knowledge of these cardiovascular system components into an understanding of cardiac output regulation.


Book
Computational Methods of Multi-Physics Problems
Author:
ISBN: 3039214187 3039214179 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book offers a collection of six papers addressing problems associated with the computational modeling of multi-field problems. Some of the proposed contributions present novel computational techniques, while other topics focus on applying state-of-the-art techniques in order to solve coupled problems in various areas including the prediction of material failure during the lithiation process, which is of major importance in batteries; efficient models for flexoelectricity, which require higher-order continuity; the prediction of composite pipes under thermomechanical conditions; material failure in rock; and computational materials design. The latter exploits nano-scale modeling in order to predict various material properties for two-dimensional materials with applications in, for example, semiconductors. In summary, this book provides a good overview of the computational modeling of different multi-field problems.


Book
Grease
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Everybody has made use of grease in their daily lives. The word “grease” originates from the early Latin word “crassus,” meaning fat. For our purposes, in this Special Issue, we will be focusing on lubricating grease, for publication in the eponymous journal Lubricants. According to ASTM, lubricating grease may be defined as “a solid-to-semi-fluid product of dispersed thickening agents in a liquid lubricant”. Other functional ingredients, such anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, may be included, with the overall goal of inducing special properties/functionalities. Grease is a very complex lubricant. We have never had a Special Issue focusing on this key product, and lubricating greases are often underrepresented in the technical literature. In recent years, there has been significant progress in research on greases, ranging from the specific chemical formulation of greases for special applications to how grease interacts with various surfaces, tribological advances in grease properties, new techniques for grease property measurements, etc. Recently, greases have also been evolving, as they and play a key role in the lubrication of electric vehicles. We aim to select the top research avenues and papers worldwide related to lubricating greases to form this compilation. This Special Issue wishes to be the first of its kind, and we plan to make this an annual exercise, where our compendium aims to discuss the latest developments worldwide encompassing all areas related to greases.


Book
Grease
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Everybody has made use of grease in their daily lives. The word “grease” originates from the early Latin word “crassus,” meaning fat. For our purposes, in this Special Issue, we will be focusing on lubricating grease, for publication in the eponymous journal Lubricants. According to ASTM, lubricating grease may be defined as “a solid-to-semi-fluid product of dispersed thickening agents in a liquid lubricant”. Other functional ingredients, such anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, may be included, with the overall goal of inducing special properties/functionalities. Grease is a very complex lubricant. We have never had a Special Issue focusing on this key product, and lubricating greases are often underrepresented in the technical literature. In recent years, there has been significant progress in research on greases, ranging from the specific chemical formulation of greases for special applications to how grease interacts with various surfaces, tribological advances in grease properties, new techniques for grease property measurements, etc. Recently, greases have also been evolving, as they and play a key role in the lubrication of electric vehicles. We aim to select the top research avenues and papers worldwide related to lubricating greases to form this compilation. This Special Issue wishes to be the first of its kind, and we plan to make this an annual exercise, where our compendium aims to discuss the latest developments worldwide encompassing all areas related to greases.


Book
The Mathematics of Shock Reflection-Diffraction and von Neumann's Conjectures
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1400885434 Year: 2018 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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This book offers a survey of recent developments in the analysis of shock reflection-diffraction, a detailed presentation of original mathematical proofs of von Neumann's conjectures for potential flow, and a collection of related results and new techniques in the analysis of partial differential equations (PDEs), as well as a set of fundamental open problems for further development.Shock waves are fundamental in nature. They are governed by the Euler equations or their variants, generally in the form of nonlinear conservation laws-PDEs of divergence form. When a shock hits an obstacle, shock reflection-diffraction configurations take shape. To understand the fundamental issues involved, such as the structure and transition criteria of different configuration patterns, it is essential to establish the global existence, regularity, and structural stability of shock reflection-diffraction solutions. This involves dealing with several core difficulties in the analysis of nonlinear PDEs-mixed type, free boundaries, and corner singularities-that also arise in fundamental problems in diverse areas such as continuum mechanics, differential geometry, mathematical physics, and materials science. Presenting recently developed approaches and techniques, which will be useful for solving problems with similar difficulties, this book opens up new research opportunities.

Keywords

Shock waves --- Von Neumann algebras. --- MATHEMATICS / Differential Equations / Partial. --- Algebras, Von Neumann --- Algebras, W --- Neumann algebras --- Rings of operators --- W*-algebras --- C*-algebras --- Hilbert space --- Shock (Mechanics) --- Waves --- Diffraction --- Diffraction. --- Mathematics. --- A priori estimate. --- Accuracy and precision. --- Algorithm. --- Andrew Majda. --- Attractor. --- Banach space. --- Bernhard Riemann. --- Big O notation. --- Boundary value problem. --- Bounded set (topological vector space). --- C0. --- Calculation. --- Cauchy problem. --- Coefficient. --- Computation. --- Computational fluid dynamics. --- Conjecture. --- Conservation law. --- Continuum mechanics. --- Convex function. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Demetrios Christodoulou. --- Derivative. --- Dimension. --- Directional derivative. --- Dirichlet boundary condition. --- Dirichlet problem. --- Dissipation. --- Ellipse. --- Elliptic curve. --- Elliptic partial differential equation. --- Embedding problem. --- Equation solving. --- Equation. --- Estimation. --- Euler equations (fluid dynamics). --- Existential quantification. --- Fixed point (mathematics). --- Flow network. --- Fluid dynamics. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Free boundary problem. --- Function (mathematics). --- Function space. --- Fundamental class. --- Fundamental solution. --- Fundamental theorem. --- Hyperbolic partial differential equation. --- Initial value problem. --- Iteration. --- Laplace's equation. --- Linear equation. --- Linear programming. --- Linear space (geometry). --- Mach reflection. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Mathematical physics. --- Mathematical problem. --- Mathematical proof. --- Mathematical theory. --- Mathematician. --- Melting. --- Monotonic function. --- Neumann boundary condition. --- Nonlinear system. --- Numerical analysis. --- Parameter space. --- Parameter. --- Partial derivative. --- Partial differential equation. --- Phase boundary. --- Phase transition. --- Potential flow. --- Pressure gradient. --- Quadratic function. --- Regularity theorem. --- Riemann problem. --- Scientific notation. --- Self-similarity. --- Special case. --- Specular reflection. --- Stefan problem. --- Structural stability. --- Subspace topology. --- Symmetrization. --- Theorem. --- Theory. --- Truncation error (numerical integration). --- Two-dimensional space. --- Unification (computer science). --- Variable (mathematics). --- Velocity potential. --- Vortex sheet. --- Vorticity. --- Wave equation. --- Weak convergence (Hilbert space). --- Weak solution.


Book
Spark : the life of electricity and the electricity of life
Author:
ISBN: 0691232652 9780691232652 Year: 2021 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey ; Oxford : Princeton University Press,

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"A fresh look at electricity and its powerful role in life on EarthWhen we think of electricity, we likely imagine the energy humming inside our home appliances or lighting up our electronic devices-or perhaps we envision the lightning-streaked clouds of a stormy sky. But electricity is more than an external source of power, heat, or illumination. Life at its essence is nothing if not electrical.The story of how we came to understand electricity's essential role in all life is rooted in our observations of its influences on the body-influences governed by the body's central nervous system. Spark explains the science of electricity from this fresh, biological perspective. Through vivid tales of scientists and individuals-from Benjamin Franklin to Elon Musk-Timothy Jorgensen shows how our views of electricity and the nervous system evolved in tandem, and how progress in one area enabled advancements in the other. He explains how these developments have allowed us to understand-and replicate-the ways electricity enables the body's essential functions of sight, hearing, touch, and movement itself.Throughout, Jorgensen examines our fascination with electricity and how it can help or harm us. He explores a broad range of topics and events, including the Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of the electron and neuron, the history of experimentation involving electricity's effects on the body, and recent breakthroughs in the use of electricity to treat disease.Filled with gripping adventures in scientific exploration, Spark offers an indispensable look at electricity, how it works, and how it animates our lives from within and without"--

Keywords

Electricity. --- Galvanism --- Mathematical physics --- Physics --- Magnetism --- Action potential. --- Amputation. --- Anesthetic. --- Battery charger. --- Battery terminal. --- Biology. --- Bladder stone. --- Brain Wave. --- Charles Wheatstone. --- Chemistry. --- Complication (medicine). --- Computer vision. --- Concoction. --- Conductivity (electrolytic). --- Corporal. --- Cranial nerves. --- Deaf-mute. --- Death by burning. --- Detection. --- Disease. --- Drawing. --- Duchenne muscular dystrophy. --- Eardrum. --- Earthenware. --- Effectiveness. --- Electric charge. --- Electric current. --- Electric fence. --- Electrical wiring. --- Electrocution. --- Electrode. --- Electrolysis. --- Electrostatic generator. --- Electrotherapy. --- Ethnology. --- Experimental philosophy. --- First principle. --- Fundamental unit (number theory). --- Garden hose. --- Heat. --- Human body temperature. --- Implementation. --- Insulator (electricity). --- Internal resistance. --- Ketamine. --- Kite experiment. --- Lens (anatomy). --- Leyden jar. --- Mains electricity. --- Malnutrition. --- Melanin. --- Michael Faraday. --- Military personnel. --- Mr. --- Muscle relaxant. --- Muscular dystrophy. --- Neuralink. --- Neurosurgery. --- Neurotoxin. --- Neutron. --- Nitrogen. --- Nutrition. --- O-ring. --- Pancreas. --- Parkinson's disease. --- Phenomenon. --- Physician. --- Positive feedback. --- Potassium. --- Power transmission. --- Pressure gradient. --- Protein. --- Receptor (biochemistry). --- Reductionism. --- Residual-current device. --- Root cause. --- Saddam Hussein. --- Sciatic nerve. --- Sensory loss. --- Smoke detector. --- Social stigma. --- Speed bump. --- Spermatorrhea. --- Static electricity. --- Stephen Gray (scientist). --- Stick figure. --- Subatomic particle. --- Testimonial. --- Toxicity. --- Transmission (medicine). --- Trauma center. --- Ultraviolet. --- Universal rule. --- Unpaired electron. --- Vagus nerve stimulation. --- Vagus nerve. --- Water supply. --- William Kemmler. --- Yellow perch.


Book
Ionosphere Monitoring with Remote Sensing
Author:
ISBN: 3036559043 3036559035 Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book focuses on the characterization of the physical properties of the Earth’s ionosphere, contributing to unveiling the nature of several processes responsible for a plethora of space weather-related phenomena taking place in a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This is made possible by the exploitation of a huge amount of high-quality data derived from both remote sensing and in situ facilities such as ionosondes, radars, satellites and Global Navigation Satellite Systems receivers.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Geography --- electron temperature --- topside ionosphere --- ESA Swarm satellites --- International Reference Ionosphere model --- Langmuir Probes in-situ data --- Incoherent Scatter Radar data --- GNSS --- GBAS --- ionospheric gradient anomaly --- one class support vector machine --- earthquake --- pre-earthquake anomalies --- swarm satellites --- ionospheric plasma --- deep learning --- physical mechanisms --- τ --- geomagnetic equator --- magnetic storm --- ionosphere --- vertical pulse sounding --- ionosonde --- ionogram --- software-defined radio --- radar imaging --- aspect angle --- field-aligned plasma irregularities --- mid-latitude E region --- norm-constrained Capon --- VHF radar --- plasma turbulence --- ionospheric irregularities --- ionosphere F region --- high latitude --- pressure-gradient current --- diamagnetic current --- swarm measurements --- oblique ionogram --- automatic inversion --- electron density profile --- quasi-parabolic segments --- the sporadic E layer --- internal fine structure --- high-resolution ionosphere imaging --- frequency domain interferometry technique --- auroral ionosphere --- E × B plasma motion --- ionospheric scintillation --- GNSS-R --- CYGNSS --- earthquakes --- polar ionosphere --- VIPIR --- Dynasonde --- Jang Bogo Station (JBS) --- Antarctica --- solar eclipse --- precise point positioning --- total electron content --- rate of total electron content index --- Swarm satellite measurements --- electron density --- main ionospheric trough --- high latitude trough --- ring ionospheric trough --- low latitude trough --- auroral diffuse precipitation --- n/a


Book
Selected Papers from Coastlab18 Conference
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book presents 16 selected papers from the 7th International Conference on The Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science, Coastlab18. The conference was organized in Santander, Spain, from 22 to 26 May, 2018, by the Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, IHCantabria. Coastlab18 welcomed 175 attendees from 18 different countries. The technical program included three renowned keynote lectures and 120 presentations focused on theoretical and practical aspects related to physical modelling in the field of coastal and ocean engineering. Coastal and ocean structures, breakwaters, revetments, laboratory technologies, measurement systems, coastal field measurement and monitoring, combined physical and numerical modelling, physical modelling case studies, tsunamis, and coastal hydrodynamics were the main topics covered in the conference. This book attempts to cover, as completely as possible, all the topics presented during the conference. The papers were accepted after a peer-review process based on their full text.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- hydraulic stability --- breaking wave conditions --- low-crested structures --- mound breakwaters --- armor layer --- overtopping --- dikes --- sea defenses --- bimodal seas --- swell --- oblique waves --- crossing seas --- wave basin --- mound breakwater --- armor stability --- Cubipod® --- breaking waves --- non-overtopping --- horizontal foreshore --- regular waves --- Stepped revetment --- wave impact --- physical model test --- rock slopes --- damage characterization --- damage parameters --- physical model tests --- linear waves --- nonlinear waves --- wavemaker theory --- wavemaker applicability --- outdoor wave basin --- long-term development --- vegetation development --- ecosystem services --- nature-based --- vertical barrier --- semi-submerged --- wind waves --- experiments --- laboratory --- operational system --- wave forecast --- wave modelling --- Mediterranean Sea --- monitoring program --- beach management --- bichromatic waves --- reflection separation --- bound waves --- stability --- erosion --- sea level rise --- repetition tests --- berm --- wave flume --- length effect --- aquaculture --- drag --- inertia --- Abbott–Firestone Curve --- laboratory tests --- physical model experiments --- scouring --- shingle foreshore --- sloping wall --- combined field experiment and numerical modeling --- overwash --- wave run-up --- infragravity waves --- XBeach --- coastal flooding --- dune erosion --- landslide waves --- tsunamis --- laboratory experiments --- momentum balance --- numerical wave modeling --- vertical cylinder --- DNS model --- pressure gradient --- wave force --- scour and shear stress --- n/a --- Abbott-Firestone Curve


Book
Selected Papers from Coastlab18 Conference
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This book presents 16 selected papers from the 7th International Conference on The Application of Physical Modelling in Coastal and Port Engineering and Science, Coastlab18. The conference was organized in Santander, Spain, from 22 to 26 May, 2018, by the Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, IHCantabria. Coastlab18 welcomed 175 attendees from 18 different countries. The technical program included three renowned keynote lectures and 120 presentations focused on theoretical and practical aspects related to physical modelling in the field of coastal and ocean engineering. Coastal and ocean structures, breakwaters, revetments, laboratory technologies, measurement systems, coastal field measurement and monitoring, combined physical and numerical modelling, physical modelling case studies, tsunamis, and coastal hydrodynamics were the main topics covered in the conference. This book attempts to cover, as completely as possible, all the topics presented during the conference. The papers were accepted after a peer-review process based on their full text.

Keywords

hydraulic stability --- breaking wave conditions --- low-crested structures --- mound breakwaters --- armor layer --- overtopping --- dikes --- sea defenses --- bimodal seas --- swell --- oblique waves --- crossing seas --- wave basin --- mound breakwater --- armor stability --- Cubipod® --- breaking waves --- non-overtopping --- horizontal foreshore --- regular waves --- Stepped revetment --- wave impact --- physical model test --- rock slopes --- damage characterization --- damage parameters --- physical model tests --- linear waves --- nonlinear waves --- wavemaker theory --- wavemaker applicability --- outdoor wave basin --- long-term development --- vegetation development --- ecosystem services --- nature-based --- vertical barrier --- semi-submerged --- wind waves --- experiments --- laboratory --- operational system --- wave forecast --- wave modelling --- Mediterranean Sea --- monitoring program --- beach management --- bichromatic waves --- reflection separation --- bound waves --- stability --- erosion --- sea level rise --- repetition tests --- berm --- wave flume --- length effect --- aquaculture --- drag --- inertia --- Abbott–Firestone Curve --- laboratory tests --- physical model experiments --- scouring --- shingle foreshore --- sloping wall --- combined field experiment and numerical modeling --- overwash --- wave run-up --- infragravity waves --- XBeach --- coastal flooding --- dune erosion --- landslide waves --- tsunamis --- laboratory experiments --- momentum balance --- numerical wave modeling --- vertical cylinder --- DNS model --- pressure gradient --- wave force --- scour and shear stress --- n/a --- Abbott-Firestone Curve

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