Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

What justifies political power? Most philosophers argue that consent or democracy are important, in other words, it matters how power is exercised. But this book argues that outcomes primarily matter to justifying power.

Legitimacy of governments --- Justice --- Instrumentalism (Philosophy) --- Philosophy. --- political legitimacy, political authority, instrumentalism, justice, consent, democracy, public justification

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Autocratic regimes are quite often short-lived kleptocracies formed and maintained through force and used to appropriate wealth from subjects. Some of these autocracies collapse after only a year or two of plundering while others manage to survive for 15 or 20 years. This paper asks why some autocratic regimes survive while others fail. A database of political regimes from 1960 to 2003 is introduced and accompanies the paper in an appendix. A model of political survival suggests that autocrats exchange constraints on their executive power for their continued survival. The relationship between payouts from successful rebellion and ease of rebellion determines how willing kleptocrats are to extend the political franchise and protect their power. Results show that extremely oppressive regimes and great expenditures on security are likely to accompany the most difficult environments for defense of the state. The model is used to identify the costs of pervasive political conflict and to decompose the "civil peace dividend" enjoyed by inclusive democracies that do not suffer from the malady of kleptocratic rule. Finally, the model suggests that slow democratization pushed by the autocratic elites to guarantee their survival, accompanied by stable development, may be the best path toward a democratic future for many fragile states.

Anarchy --- Autocracy --- Collective Action --- Conflict and Development --- Democracies --- Democracy --- Dictatorship --- Disarmament --- Dissidents --- Emerging Markets --- Extremism --- Governance --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Parliamentary Government --- Peace --- Policies --- Political Authority --- Political Economy --- Political Institutions --- Political Power --- Political Science --- Political Systems --- Political Systems and Analysis --- Political Transitions --- Politics --- Politics and Government --- Population Policies --- Post Conflict Reconstruction --- Private Sector Development --- Rights

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Autocratic regimes are quite often short-lived kleptocracies formed and maintained through force and used to appropriate wealth from subjects. Some of these autocracies collapse after only a year or two of plundering while others manage to survive for 15 or 20 years. This paper asks why some autocratic regimes survive while others fail. A database of political regimes from 1960 to 2003 is introduced and accompanies the paper in an appendix. A model of political survival suggests that autocrats exchange constraints on their executive power for their continued survival. The relationship between payouts from successful rebellion and ease of rebellion determines how willing kleptocrats are to extend the political franchise and protect their power. Results show that extremely oppressive regimes and great expenditures on security are likely to accompany the most difficult environments for defense of the state. The model is used to identify the costs of pervasive political conflict and to decompose the "civil peace dividend" enjoyed by inclusive democracies that do not suffer from the malady of kleptocratic rule. Finally, the model suggests that slow democratization pushed by the autocratic elites to guarantee their survival, accompanied by stable development, may be the best path toward a democratic future for many fragile states.

Anarchy --- Autocracy --- Collective Action --- Conflict and Development --- Democracies --- Democracy --- Dictatorship --- Disarmament --- Dissidents --- Emerging Markets --- Extremism --- Governance --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Parliamentary Government --- Peace --- Policies --- Political Authority --- Political Economy --- Political Institutions --- Political Power --- Political Science --- Political Systems --- Political Systems and Analysis --- Political Transitions --- Politics --- Politics and Government --- Population Policies --- Post Conflict Reconstruction --- Private Sector Development --- Rights

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This groundbreaking work, with its unique anthropological approach, sheds new light on a central conundrum surrounding AIDS in Africa. Robert J. Thornton explores why HIV prevalence fell during the 1990's in Uganda despite that country's having one of Africa's highest fertility rates, while during the same period HIV prevalence rose in South Africa, the country with Africa's lowest fertility rate. Thornton finds that culturally and socially determined differences in the structure of sexual networks-rather than changes in individual behavior-were responsible for these radical differences in HIV prevalence. Incorporating such factors as property, mobility, social status, and political authority into our understanding of AIDS transmission, Thornton's analysis also suggests new avenues for fighting the disease worldwide.

AIDS (Disease) --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Epidemiology. --- Social aspects --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:39A9 --- Epidemiology --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Medische antropologie / gezondheid / handicaps --- Sida --- Epidémiologie --- Aspect social --- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome --- Anthropology, Cultural --- Health Policy --- Sexual Behavior --- Socioeconomic Factors --- epidemiology --- prevention & control --- methods --- 20th century south african history. --- 20th century ugandan history. --- african history. --- aids in africa. --- aids prevention. --- aids transmission. --- aids. --- anthropology. --- civil society. --- disease. --- doctor. --- family structure. --- fertility rate. --- global disaster. --- healthcare. --- hiv prevalence. --- hiv. --- individual behavior. --- local knowledge. --- medicine. --- mobility. --- omission. --- political authority. --- political response. --- politics. --- property. --- sex. --- sexual networks. --- sexual transmission. --- social status. --- south africa. --- uganda.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

For the three forces competing for political authority in France during World War II, music became the site of a cultural battle that reflected the war itself. German occupying authorities promoted German music at the expense of French, while the Vichy administration pursued projects of national renewal through culture. Meanwhile, Resistance networks gradually formed to combat German propaganda while eyeing Vichy's efforts with suspicion. In The Musical Legacy of Wartime France, Leslie A. Sprout explores how each of these forces influenced the composition, performance, and reception of five well-known works: the secret Resistance songs of Francis Poulenc and those of Arthur Honegger; Olivier Messiaen's Quartet for the End of Time, composed in a German prisoner of war camp; Maurice Duruflé's Requiem, one of sixty-five pieces commissioned by Vichy between 1940 and 1944; and Igor Stravinsky's Danses concertantes, which was met at its 1945 Paris premiere with protests that prefigured the aesthetic debates of the early Cold War. Sprout examines not only how these pieces were created and disseminated during and just after the war, but also how and why we still associate these pieces with the stories we tell-in textbooks, program notes, liner notes, historical monographs, and biographies-about music, France, and World War II.

Music --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Music. --- Music and war. --- Musik. --- Weltkrieg. --- History and criticism. --- Music and the war. --- World War (1939-1945). --- 1900-1999. --- France. --- Frankreich. --- Music -- France -- 20th century -- History and criticism. --- Music -- Political aspects -- France -- History. --- Nationalism in music. --- World War, 1939-1945 -- Music and the war. --- Music, Dance, Drama & Film --- Music History & Criticism, General --- History and criticism --- Music and the war --- Songs and music --- aesthetic debates. --- arthur honegger. --- ballet. --- beaux arts. --- classical music. --- cultural battle. --- early cold war. --- engaging. --- entertainment industry. --- europe. --- france. --- francis poulenc. --- french history. --- german music. --- german propaganda. --- historical. --- history. --- international music. --- lively. --- maurice durufle. --- music. --- musical legacy. --- olivier messiaen. --- performing arts. --- political authority. --- prisoner of war camp. --- quartet for the end of time. --- requiem. --- resistance songs. --- retrospective. --- revolutionaries. --- secret resistance. --- vichy france. --- vichy. --- world war 2.