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Protein adsorption to solids, nanomaterials, and biological surfaces is of central interest in many fields, including biomedicine, bioanalytical chemistry, materials engineering, bio-nanotechnology, and basic biomolecular research. Although protein adsorption may sometimes occur with little consequence on molecular structure, interactions with surfaces frequently cause changes in local or global conformations and dynamics, perturbations to secondary structures or tertiary folds, eventually resulting in dramatically altered protein function. Importantly, surfaces may trigger protein misfolding and self-aggregation, or, conversely, promote protein structure formation. The use of nanoscale surfaces to remodel the conformational landscape and the aggregation pathways of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins has been proposed as a promising strategy against several severe human diseases. The rapid growth of applications and technological innovation which is based on or concerned with protein adsorption necessitates renewed efforts to provide molecular-level insights into adsorption-induced protein structural perturbations. In this Special Issue, we gathered the recent findings of experimental and computational investigations that contributed novel insights into protein adsorption with a focus on the structural and dynamic aspects of proteins.

sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase --- Cu+-ATPase --- phospholipid flippase --- charge displacement --- concentration jump --- solid supported membrane --- conformational transition --- electrogenicity --- ion translocation --- phospholipid flipping --- protein-nanoparticle interactions --- protein NMR --- amyloidogenic proteins --- nitroxide paramagnetic perturbation --- spin label extrinsic probes --- Tempol --- β2-microglobulin --- protein conformation --- protein-surface association --- lipid membranes --- surface-immobilized protein --- EPR spectroscopy --- alpha-synuclein --- amyloid fibrils --- conformational flexibility --- protein adsorption --- protein aggregation --- nano-bio interface --- nanocomposite --- nanoparticles --- supramolecular assembly --- NMR spectroscopy --- gold nanoparticles --- PEGylation --- adsorption --- passivation --- n/a

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The new frontier of pharmaceutical sciences is gene therapy, which is the use of molecules able to interact directly with the expression of the genetic material of the patient as well as of the disease-causing guest (bacteria, virus, parasites, and tumor cells). Among the molecules of interest for gene therapy, a relevant role is played by small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules able to interfere with the expression of genes of interest for some diseases. However, siRNA molecules, even if they are powerful as drugs, are difficult to deliver since they are sensitive to enzymes present in plasma and they are large and negatively charged, so are difficult to administer into the cell nuclei, since the cell walls are scarcely permeable to large molecules and are also negatively charged. Therefore, the focus of research on siRNA-based therapies is their delivery, which can be performed by chemical modification, association with aptamers or polycations, or embedding them into properly designed liposomes. This book is centered on the more recent development in siRNA delivery techniques toward the clinical applications of this potent class of drugs.

Medicine --- oligonucleotide delivery --- light-activated release --- intracellular release --- liposome --- indocyanine green --- drug co-delivery --- methotrexate --- siRNA --- antitumor effect --- mixed micelles --- targeted delivery system --- cationic liposome --- folate --- folate receptor --- cationic cholesterol derivative --- siRNA delivery --- gene knockdown --- tumor-targeting --- VEGFA --- VEGFR1 --- endoglin --- peptide --- angiogenesis --- gene silencing --- migration --- proliferation --- endothelial cells --- RNAi therapeutics --- amphiphilic dendrons --- PAMAM dendrimers --- self-assembling --- nanovectors --- covalent dendrimers --- NABDs --- liposomes --- clinical trials --- drug delivery --- nanoparticle --- carbonate apatite --- ERBB2 --- AKT --- breast cancer --- ovarian cancer --- polymer --- lipid --- delivery --- poly(ethylene) imine --- PEI --- RNA --- tyrosine-modification --- tumor xenograft --- magnetic nanoparticle --- iron oxide --- BCL2 --- BIRC5/survivin --- oral cancer --- aptamers --- cancer --- nanoparticles --- STAT6 --- polyaspartamide --- pegylation --- polyamine --- polyplexes --- asthma --- oligonucleotide delivery --- light-activated release --- intracellular release --- liposome --- indocyanine green --- drug co-delivery --- methotrexate --- siRNA --- antitumor effect --- mixed micelles --- targeted delivery system --- cationic liposome --- folate --- folate receptor --- cationic cholesterol derivative --- siRNA delivery --- gene knockdown --- tumor-targeting --- VEGFA --- VEGFR1 --- endoglin --- peptide --- angiogenesis --- gene silencing --- migration --- proliferation --- endothelial cells --- RNAi therapeutics --- amphiphilic dendrons --- PAMAM dendrimers --- self-assembling --- nanovectors --- covalent dendrimers --- NABDs --- liposomes --- clinical trials --- drug delivery --- nanoparticle --- carbonate apatite --- ERBB2 --- AKT --- breast cancer --- ovarian cancer --- polymer --- lipid --- delivery --- poly(ethylene) imine --- PEI --- RNA --- tyrosine-modification --- tumor xenograft --- magnetic nanoparticle --- iron oxide --- BCL2 --- BIRC5/survivin --- oral cancer --- aptamers --- cancer --- nanoparticles --- STAT6 --- polyaspartamide --- pegylation --- polyamine --- polyplexes --- asthma

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Nanomedicine is among the most promising emerging fields that can provide innovative and radical solutions to unmet needs in pharmaceutical formulation development. Encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients within nano-size carriers offers several benefits, namely, protection of the therapeutic agents from degradation, their increased solubility and bioavailability, improved pharmacokinetics, reduced toxicity, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, decreased drug immunogenicity, targeted delivery, and simultaneous imaging and treatment options with a single system.Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is one of the most commonly used polymers in nanomedicine formulations due to its excellent biocompatibility, tunable degradation characteristics, and high versatility. Furthermore, PLGA is approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pharmaceutical products. Nanomedicines based on PLGA nanoparticles can offer tremendous opportunities in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various diseases.This Special Issue aims to focus on the bench-to-bedside development of PLGA nanoparticles including (but not limited to) design, development, physicochemical characterization, scale-up production, efficacy and safety assessment, and biodistribution studies of these nanomedicine formulations.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- blood–brain barrier (BBB) --- current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) --- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) --- nanotechnology --- PLGA nanoparticles --- neurodegenerative diseases --- drug delivery --- central nervous system --- neuroprotective drugs --- fluorescent labeling --- DiI --- coumarin 6 --- rhodamine 123 --- Cy5.5 --- quantum yield --- brightness --- stability of fluorescent label --- confocal microscopy --- intracellular internalization --- in vivo neuroimaging --- double-emulsion method --- dry powder inhalation --- antigen release --- porous PLGA particles --- microfluidics --- methotrexate --- chitosan --- PLA/PLGA --- sustained release --- micro-implant --- animal model --- minimally invasive --- drug delivery system --- nanoparticles --- poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- microfluidic --- pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution --- atorvastatin calcium --- poly(lactide-co-glycolide) --- polymeric nanoparticles --- carrageenan induced inflammation --- anti-inflammatory --- radiolabeled nanoparticles --- nuclear medicine --- photothermal therapy --- phthalocyanine --- SKOVip-kat --- Katushka --- TurboFP635 --- JO-4 --- PLGA --- orthotopic tumors --- 3D culture --- spheroids --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) --- nanomedicine --- scale-up manufacturing --- clinical translation --- inline sonication --- tangential flow filtration --- lyophilization --- downstream processing --- H. pylori --- design of experiments --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid --- size --- cancer --- chemoimmunotherapy --- immunogenic cell death --- immune checkpoint blockade --- PNA5 glycopeptide --- mas receptor --- angiotensin --- PLGA diblock copolymer --- ester and acid-end capped --- double emulsion solvent evaporation --- biocompatible --- biodegradable --- cardiovascular --- nanoparticle --- solid-state characterization --- in vitro --- drug release kinetics modeling --- PEGylation --- amine --- emulsion --- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) --- Pluronic triblock copolymer --- trehalose --- sucrose --- Indomethacin --- solvents --- stabilizers --- morphology --- particle-size --- encapsulation --- drug release --- cytotoxicity --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- blood–brain barrier (BBB) --- current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) --- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) --- nanotechnology --- PLGA nanoparticles --- neurodegenerative diseases --- drug delivery --- central nervous system --- neuroprotective drugs --- fluorescent labeling --- DiI --- coumarin 6 --- rhodamine 123 --- Cy5.5 --- quantum yield --- brightness --- stability of fluorescent label --- confocal microscopy --- intracellular internalization --- in vivo neuroimaging --- double-emulsion method --- dry powder inhalation --- antigen release --- porous PLGA particles --- microfluidics --- methotrexate --- chitosan --- PLA/PLGA --- sustained release --- micro-implant --- animal model --- minimally invasive --- drug delivery system --- nanoparticles --- poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- microfluidic --- pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution --- atorvastatin calcium --- poly(lactide-co-glycolide) --- polymeric nanoparticles --- carrageenan induced inflammation --- anti-inflammatory --- radiolabeled nanoparticles --- nuclear medicine --- photothermal therapy --- phthalocyanine --- SKOVip-kat --- Katushka --- TurboFP635 --- JO-4 --- PLGA --- orthotopic tumors --- 3D culture --- spheroids --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) --- nanomedicine --- scale-up manufacturing --- clinical translation --- inline sonication --- tangential flow filtration --- lyophilization --- downstream processing --- H. pylori --- design of experiments --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid --- size --- cancer --- chemoimmunotherapy --- immunogenic cell death --- immune checkpoint blockade --- PNA5 glycopeptide --- mas receptor --- angiotensin --- PLGA diblock copolymer --- ester and acid-end capped --- double emulsion solvent evaporation --- biocompatible --- biodegradable --- cardiovascular --- nanoparticle --- solid-state characterization --- in vitro --- drug release kinetics modeling --- PEGylation --- amine --- emulsion --- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) --- Pluronic triblock copolymer --- trehalose --- sucrose --- Indomethacin --- solvents --- stabilizers --- morphology --- particle-size --- encapsulation --- drug release --- cytotoxicity

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Nanomedicine is among the most promising emerging fields that can provide innovative and radical solutions to unmet needs in pharmaceutical formulation development. Encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients within nano-size carriers offers several benefits, namely, protection of the therapeutic agents from degradation, their increased solubility and bioavailability, improved pharmacokinetics, reduced toxicity, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, decreased drug immunogenicity, targeted delivery, and simultaneous imaging and treatment options with a single system.Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is one of the most commonly used polymers in nanomedicine formulations due to its excellent biocompatibility, tunable degradation characteristics, and high versatility. Furthermore, PLGA is approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pharmaceutical products. Nanomedicines based on PLGA nanoparticles can offer tremendous opportunities in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various diseases.This Special Issue aims to focus on the bench-to-bedside development of PLGA nanoparticles including (but not limited to) design, development, physicochemical characterization, scale-up production, efficacy and safety assessment, and biodistribution studies of these nanomedicine formulations.

poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- blood–brain barrier (BBB) --- current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) --- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) --- nanotechnology --- PLGA nanoparticles --- neurodegenerative diseases --- drug delivery --- central nervous system --- neuroprotective drugs --- fluorescent labeling --- DiI --- coumarin 6 --- rhodamine 123 --- Cy5.5 --- quantum yield --- brightness --- stability of fluorescent label --- confocal microscopy --- intracellular internalization --- in vivo neuroimaging --- double-emulsion method --- dry powder inhalation --- antigen release --- porous PLGA particles --- microfluidics --- methotrexate --- chitosan --- PLA/PLGA --- sustained release --- micro-implant --- animal model --- minimally invasive --- drug delivery system --- nanoparticles --- poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) --- microfluidic --- pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution --- atorvastatin calcium --- poly(lactide-co-glycolide) --- polymeric nanoparticles --- carrageenan induced inflammation --- anti-inflammatory --- radiolabeled nanoparticles --- nuclear medicine --- photothermal therapy --- phthalocyanine --- SKOVip-kat --- Katushka --- TurboFP635 --- JO-4 --- PLGA --- orthotopic tumors --- 3D culture --- spheroids --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) --- nanomedicine --- scale-up manufacturing --- clinical translation --- inline sonication --- tangential flow filtration --- lyophilization --- downstream processing --- H. pylori --- design of experiments --- poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid --- size --- cancer --- chemoimmunotherapy --- immunogenic cell death --- immune checkpoint blockade --- PNA5 glycopeptide --- mas receptor --- angiotensin --- PLGA diblock copolymer --- ester and acid-end capped --- double emulsion solvent evaporation --- biocompatible --- biodegradable --- cardiovascular --- nanoparticle --- solid-state characterization --- in vitro --- drug release kinetics modeling --- PEGylation --- amine --- emulsion --- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) --- Pluronic triblock copolymer --- trehalose --- sucrose --- Indomethacin --- solvents --- stabilizers --- morphology --- particle-size --- encapsulation --- drug release --- cytotoxicity

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This special issue brings together cutting edge research and insightful commentary on the currentl state of the Cancer Nanomedicine field.

antibody drug conjugate (ADC) --- PD-L1 --- tumor spheroid disruption --- immune modulation --- doxorubicin --- graphene oxide --- adsorption --- cathepsin D --- cathepsin L --- anti-metastatic enzyme cancer therapy --- nanoparticles --- targeted delivery system --- siRNA --- osteopontin --- mammary carcinoma --- mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) --- TAT peptide --- PLGA --- paclitaxel --- nano-engineered MSCs --- orthotopic lung tumor model --- intracranial glioma --- immunotherapy --- CPMV --- viral nanoparticles --- in situ vaccine --- albumin nanoparticles --- microbubble --- ultrasound --- theranostics --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- VX2 tumor --- intra-arterial chemotherapy --- lung cancer --- nanomedicine --- clinical status --- cancer therapy --- breast cancer --- cell signaling --- active targeting --- passive targeting --- EPR effect --- oncogenes --- nanoparticle --- drug delivery --- ligand --- tumor targeting --- biodistribution --- Mesoporous silica nanoparticle --- drug delivery system --- target treatment --- lanthanide metal --- hyaluronic acid --- hyaluronidase --- drug combination --- everolimus --- dual-targeting --- magnetic nanoparticles --- monoclonal antibodies --- nanostructured lipid carrier --- platelet membrane --- biomimicry --- plasmonic photothermal therapy --- gold nanorods --- surgery --- bleeding --- dogs --- cats --- stimuli-responsive --- DOX --- SN38 --- CSCs --- single-walled carbon nanotubes --- chirality separation --- NASH --- drug-gene delivery --- near IR hyperspectral imaging --- plasmonics --- copper --- VEGF --- glioblastoma --- differentiated neuroblastoma --- peptidomimetics --- real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) --- actin --- combinatorial therapy --- anticancer and antibacterial activity --- temoporfin --- drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome --- hybrid nanoparticles --- multicellular tumor spheroids --- cyclodextrins --- photodynamic therapy article --- yet reasonably common within the subject discipline --- antitumor strategy --- biomimetic core–shell nanoparticles --- NK cell-derived exosomes --- folate receptor --- albumin nanoparticle --- microfluidic --- cabazitaxel --- polydopamine nanoparticles --- size --- cytotoxicity --- iron affinity --- FA-DABA-SMA --- self-assembly --- oncogenic proteins --- intracellular disruption --- folic receptor alpha --- pancreatic cancer --- parvifloron D --- albumin --- erlotinib --- photodynamic therapy --- lipid nanoparticles --- tumor vectorization --- verteporfin --- ovarian carcinomatosis --- spheroids --- integrin --- RGD peptide --- cancer diagnosis --- radiotherapy --- hyperthermia therapy --- biomimetic --- nanocarrier --- membrane-wrapped --- cancer --- targeted delivery --- photothermal therapy --- imaging --- cancer nanomedicine --- tumor microenvironment --- nano–bio interactions --- clinical translation --- magnetic nanowires --- magnetic hyperthermia --- magnetic actuation --- magnetic drug targeting --- titanate nanotubes --- gold nanoparticles --- vectorization --- colloidal stability --- docetaxel --- prostate cancer --- mangiferin --- anti-topoisomerase activity --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- chemico-physical functionalization --- loading --- translational medicine --- nanotechnology: bioengineering --- anacardic acid --- mitoxantrone --- targeted drug delivery --- liposomes --- melanoma --- apoptosis --- ascorbic acid --- angiogenesis --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- hypoxia --- immunosuppression --- metabolism --- nanotherapeutics --- tumour microenvironment --- DNA origami --- liposome --- remote loading --- acute toxicity --- organoids --- magnetic silica-coated iron oxide nanochains --- photothermal treatment --- hyperthermia --- collagen --- cellular microenvironment --- lymphadenectomy --- magnetometer --- sentinel lymph node dissection --- SPION --- superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles --- Vδ2 T cells --- zoledronic acid --- polymeric nanoconstruct --- anti-tumor immunity --- colorectal carcinoma --- β-cyclodextrin nanosponges --- BALB-neuT mice --- brain tumours --- glioma --- blood brain barrier --- polymeric nanoparticles --- PEGylation --- dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine --- poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate-co-allyl methyl sulfide) copolymer --- folate --- oxidation-sensitive release --- cellular interaction --- in vitro anti-cancer activity --- triple negative breast cancer --- organotin --- mesoporous silica nanoparticles --- MDA-MB-231 --- theranostic nanomaterials --- nanobiotechnology --- molecular imaging --- nanosystems --- nanomicelles --- ovarian cancer --- tumour targeting --- chemotherapeutics --- riboflavin --- vitamin B2 --- nanomedicines --- secondary structure --- mixed micelle --- pH responsive --- targeted therapy --- anti-cancer --- shear stress --- flow --- in vitro --- therapeutics --- diagnostics --- Immunotherapy