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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical microbiology & virology --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- NTM --- Non-TB mycobacteria --- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- Environmental mycobacteria --- lung disease --- antimicrobial resistance --- NTM --- Non-TB mycobacteria --- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- Environmental mycobacteria --- lung disease --- antimicrobial resistance

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Throughout history, wildlife has been an important source of infectious diseases transmissible to humans. Today, zoonoses with a wildlife reservoir constitute a major public health problem, affecting all continents. The importance of such zoonoses is increasingly recognized, and the need for more attention in this area is being addressed. The total number of zoonoses is unknown, some 1,415 known human pathogens have been catalogued, and 62% are of zoonotic origin [1]. With time, more and more human pathogens are found to be of animal origin. Moreover, most emerging infectious diseases in humans are zoonoses. Wild animals seem to be involved in the epidemiology of most zoonoses and serve as major reservoirs for transmission of zoonotic agents to domestic animals and humans [2]. The concept of the ‘One Health’ approach involving collaboration between veterinary and medical scientists, policy makers, and public health officials, is necessary to foster joint cooperation and control of emerging zoonotic diseases [3]. Zoonotic diseases caused by a wide range of arthropods, bacteria, helminths, protozoans, and viruses can cause serious and even life-threatening clinical conditions in animals, with a number of them also affecting the human population due to their zoonotic potential. The aim of the current Special Issue is to cover recent and novel research trends in zoonotic diseases in wildlife, including the relevant topics related to wildlife, zoonosis, public health, emerging diseases, infectious diseases and parasitic diseases.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Zoology & animal sciences --- west nile virus --- arbovirus --- zoonotic --- macaque --- bats --- c-ELISA --- RT-PCR --- Anaplasma phagocytophilum --- zoonosis --- tick --- wild ungulates --- phylogenesis --- molecular epidemiology --- Coxiella burnetii --- Q fever --- serology --- epidemiology --- wildlife --- European bison --- micromammals --- Cryptosporidium --- Giardia --- Blastocystis --- Enterocytozoon bieneusi --- Balantioides coli --- Troglodytella --- non-human primates --- rats --- zoological garden --- one health --- Helicobacter spp. --- PCR --- Sus scrofa --- Meles meles --- badger --- tuberculosis --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex --- P22 ELISA --- isolation --- cattle --- Atlantic Spain --- filter card --- faeces --- transportation --- storage --- preservation --- Giardia duodenalis --- Cryptosporidium hominis --- seroprevalence --- ruminants --- humans --- dust --- aerosols --- Salmonella --- turtles --- wildlife rescue centres --- camera-traps --- interactions --- wildlife-livestock interface --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- Leptospira interrogans --- microscopic agglutination test --- Slovenia --- n/a

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Throughout history, wildlife has been an important source of infectious diseases transmissible to humans. Today, zoonoses with a wildlife reservoir constitute a major public health problem, affecting all continents. The importance of such zoonoses is increasingly recognized, and the need for more attention in this area is being addressed. The total number of zoonoses is unknown, some 1,415 known human pathogens have been catalogued, and 62% are of zoonotic origin [1]. With time, more and more human pathogens are found to be of animal origin. Moreover, most emerging infectious diseases in humans are zoonoses. Wild animals seem to be involved in the epidemiology of most zoonoses and serve as major reservoirs for transmission of zoonotic agents to domestic animals and humans [2]. The concept of the ‘One Health’ approach involving collaboration between veterinary and medical scientists, policy makers, and public health officials, is necessary to foster joint cooperation and control of emerging zoonotic diseases [3]. Zoonotic diseases caused by a wide range of arthropods, bacteria, helminths, protozoans, and viruses can cause serious and even life-threatening clinical conditions in animals, with a number of them also affecting the human population due to their zoonotic potential. The aim of the current Special Issue is to cover recent and novel research trends in zoonotic diseases in wildlife, including the relevant topics related to wildlife, zoonosis, public health, emerging diseases, infectious diseases and parasitic diseases.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Zoology & animal sciences --- west nile virus --- arbovirus --- zoonotic --- macaque --- bats --- c-ELISA --- RT-PCR --- Anaplasma phagocytophilum --- zoonosis --- tick --- wild ungulates --- phylogenesis --- molecular epidemiology --- Coxiella burnetii --- Q fever --- serology --- epidemiology --- wildlife --- European bison --- micromammals --- Cryptosporidium --- Giardia --- Blastocystis --- Enterocytozoon bieneusi --- Balantioides coli --- Troglodytella --- non-human primates --- rats --- zoological garden --- one health --- Helicobacter spp. --- PCR --- Sus scrofa --- Meles meles --- badger --- tuberculosis --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex --- P22 ELISA --- isolation --- cattle --- Atlantic Spain --- filter card --- faeces --- transportation --- storage --- preservation --- Giardia duodenalis --- Cryptosporidium hominis --- seroprevalence --- ruminants --- humans --- dust --- aerosols --- Salmonella --- turtles --- wildlife rescue centres --- camera-traps --- interactions --- wildlife-livestock interface --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- Leptospira interrogans --- microscopic agglutination test --- Slovenia --- west nile virus --- arbovirus --- zoonotic --- macaque --- bats --- c-ELISA --- RT-PCR --- Anaplasma phagocytophilum --- zoonosis --- tick --- wild ungulates --- phylogenesis --- molecular epidemiology --- Coxiella burnetii --- Q fever --- serology --- epidemiology --- wildlife --- European bison --- micromammals --- Cryptosporidium --- Giardia --- Blastocystis --- Enterocytozoon bieneusi --- Balantioides coli --- Troglodytella --- non-human primates --- rats --- zoological garden --- one health --- Helicobacter spp. --- PCR --- Sus scrofa --- Meles meles --- badger --- tuberculosis --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex --- P22 ELISA --- isolation --- cattle --- Atlantic Spain --- filter card --- faeces --- transportation --- storage --- preservation --- Giardia duodenalis --- Cryptosporidium hominis --- seroprevalence --- ruminants --- humans --- dust --- aerosols --- Salmonella --- turtles --- wildlife rescue centres --- camera-traps --- interactions --- wildlife-livestock interface --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- Leptospira interrogans --- microscopic agglutination test --- Slovenia

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Dear Colleagues, A rare disease, also known as an orphan disease, is any disease that affects a small percentage of the population. Although definitions vary from continent to continent, according to the European Union, rare diseases are those with a prevalence of less than 1 in 2000 people. Rare diseases are, in general, chronic, debilitating diseases, which in many cases threaten patients’ lives. It is estimated that 1–2 million people in the European Union are affected by a rare respiratory disease, which is a public health problem. Due to the low prevalence and severity of many of these diseases, whose symptoms often initially manifest in childhood, combined efforts are needed to improve our knowledge of the pathophysiology of these diseases that will lead to the development of new, more effective treatments. Therefore, since rare respiratory diseases represent an important field in medicine, we propose this Special Issue to promote the dissemination of the latest advances in basic and clinical research in these diseases. Prof. Dr. Francisco Dasí Guest Editor

standard diagnosis --- reference centres --- clinical presentation --- cilia --- primary ciliary dyskinesia --- alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency --- rare respiratory diseases --- Mycobacterium avium --- Mycobacterium intracellulare --- nodular bronchiectasis --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- pulmonary aspergillosis --- rare pulmonary disease --- miRNA expression --- exhaled breath condensate --- sputum --- severity --- pulmonary exacerbation --- alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency --- augmentation therapy --- replacement therapy --- rare diseases --- gene therapy --- alpha-1-antitrypsin deficit --- cystic fibrosis --- neonatal respiratory distress --- laterality defect --- orphan diseases --- PCD --- immunofluorescence --- antibody --- ALI culture --- bio-resource --- primary nasal epithelium --- diagnostics --- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency --- liver disease --- glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase --- glutamate-pyruvate transaminase --- gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase --- resilience --- active lifestyle --- stress levels --- infection control measure --- self-quarantine --- flow cytometry --- nasal epithelium --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- antioxidant therapies --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- bronchiectasis --- asthma --- emphysema --- alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency --- transient elastography --- n/a

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Dear Colleagues, A rare disease, also known as an orphan disease, is any disease that affects a small percentage of the population. Although definitions vary from continent to continent, according to the European Union, rare diseases are those with a prevalence of less than 1 in 2000 people. Rare diseases are, in general, chronic, debilitating diseases, which in many cases threaten patients’ lives. It is estimated that 1–2 million people in the European Union are affected by a rare respiratory disease, which is a public health problem. Due to the low prevalence and severity of many of these diseases, whose symptoms often initially manifest in childhood, combined efforts are needed to improve our knowledge of the pathophysiology of these diseases that will lead to the development of new, more effective treatments. Therefore, since rare respiratory diseases represent an important field in medicine, we propose this Special Issue to promote the dissemination of the latest advances in basic and clinical research in these diseases. Prof. Dr. Francisco Dasí Guest Editor

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- standard diagnosis --- reference centres --- clinical presentation --- cilia --- primary ciliary dyskinesia --- alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency --- rare respiratory diseases --- Mycobacterium avium --- Mycobacterium intracellulare --- nodular bronchiectasis --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- pulmonary aspergillosis --- rare pulmonary disease --- miRNA expression --- exhaled breath condensate --- sputum --- severity --- pulmonary exacerbation --- alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency --- augmentation therapy --- replacement therapy --- rare diseases --- gene therapy --- alpha-1-antitrypsin deficit --- cystic fibrosis --- neonatal respiratory distress --- laterality defect --- orphan diseases --- PCD --- immunofluorescence --- antibody --- ALI culture --- bio-resource --- primary nasal epithelium --- diagnostics --- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency --- liver disease --- glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase --- glutamate-pyruvate transaminase --- gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase --- resilience --- active lifestyle --- stress levels --- infection control measure --- self-quarantine --- flow cytometry --- nasal epithelium --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- antioxidant therapies --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- bronchiectasis --- asthma --- emphysema --- alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency --- transient elastography --- standard diagnosis --- reference centres --- clinical presentation --- cilia --- primary ciliary dyskinesia --- alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency --- rare respiratory diseases --- Mycobacterium avium --- Mycobacterium intracellulare --- nodular bronchiectasis --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- pulmonary aspergillosis --- rare pulmonary disease --- miRNA expression --- exhaled breath condensate --- sputum --- severity --- pulmonary exacerbation --- alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency --- augmentation therapy --- replacement therapy --- rare diseases --- gene therapy --- alpha-1-antitrypsin deficit --- cystic fibrosis --- neonatal respiratory distress --- laterality defect --- orphan diseases --- PCD --- immunofluorescence --- antibody --- ALI culture --- bio-resource --- primary nasal epithelium --- diagnostics --- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency --- liver disease --- glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase --- glutamate-pyruvate transaminase --- gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase --- resilience --- active lifestyle --- stress levels --- infection control measure --- self-quarantine --- flow cytometry --- nasal epithelium --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- antioxidant therapies --- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- bronchiectasis --- asthma --- emphysema --- alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency --- transient elastography