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In Jewish Questions, Matt Goldish introduces English readers to the history and culture of the Sephardic dispersion through an exploration of forty-three responsa--questions about Jewish law that Jews asked leading rabbis, and the rabbis' responses. The questions along with their rabbinical decisions examine all aspects of Jewish life, including business, family, religious issues, and relations between Jews and non-Jews. Taken together, the responsa constitute an extremely rich source of information about the everyday lives of Sephardic Jews. The book looks at questions asked between 1492--when the Jews were expelled from Spain--and 1750. Originating from all over the Sephardic world, the responsa discuss such diverse topics as the rules of conduct for Ottoman Jewish sea traders, the trials of an ex-husband accused of a robbery, and the rights of a sexually abused wife. Goldish provides a sizeable introduction to the history of the Sephardic diaspora and the nature of responsa literature, as well as a bibliography, historical background for each question, and short biographies of the rabbis involved. Including cases from well-known communities such as Venice, Istanbul, and Saloniki, and lesser-known Jewish enclaves such as Kastoria, Ragusa, and Nablus, Jewish Questions provides a sense of how Sephardic communities were organized, how Jews related to their neighbors, what problems threatened them and their families, and how they understood their relationship to God and the Jewish people.

Sephardim --- Jews --- Jews, Sephardic --- Ladinos (Spanish Jews) --- Sefardic Jews --- Sephardi Jews --- Sephardic Jews --- Jews, Portuguese --- Jews, Spanish --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- History --- Turkey --- Anatolia --- Anatolie --- Ānātūlī --- Asia Minor --- Asia Minore --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Turk Uls --- Buturuki --- Cộng hoà Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Dēmokratia tēs Tourkias --- Devlet-i Aliye Osmaniye --- Durka --- Durkka dásseváldi --- Gweriniaeth Twrci --- Jamhuri ya Uturuki --- Jamhuuriyada Turki --- Jumhūrīyah al-Turkīyah --- Komara Tirkiyeyê --- Lýðveldið Turkaland --- Lýðveldið Tyrkland --- Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Túrkì --- Osmanlı İmparatorluğu --- Osmanskai︠a︡ Imperii︠a︡ --- Ottoman Empire --- Pobblaght ny Turkee --- Poblacht na Tuirce --- Repóbblica d'l Turchî --- Repubbleche de Turchie --- Repubblica di Turchia --- Republic of Turkey --- Republic of Türkiye --- República da Turquia --- Republica de Turchia --- Republica de Turquía --- Republica Turcia --- Republiek Turkeye --- Republiek Turkije --- Republiek van Turkye --- Republik bu Tirki --- Republik Tierkei --- Republik Turkäi --- Republik Türkei --- Républik Turki --- Republik Turkia --- Republika e Turqisë --- Republika ng Turkiya --- Repùblika Tërecczi --- Republika Turcija --- Republika Turcji --- Republika Turcyje --- Republika Turecko --- Republika Turkiya --- Republika Turkojska --- Republika Turska --- Republika Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Republiḳah ha-Ṭurḳiyah --- Republiken Turkiet --- Republikken Tyrkia --- Republikken Tyrkiet --- République de Turquie --- République turque --- Repuvlika de Turkiya --- Ripablik kya Buturuki --- Ripoliku Turkiyakondre --- T.C. (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) --- Tagduda n Tturk --- TC --- Teki --- Tëreckô --- Ṭerḳay --- Ṭerḳishe Republiḳ --- Thekhi --- Thỏ̂ Nhĩ Kỳ --- Thú-ngí-khì --- Tiakei --- Tierkei --- Tiki --- Tirki --- Tırkiya --- Tirkiye --- Ti︠u︡rk --- Ti︠u︡rk Respublika --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ --- Ti︠u︡rkii︠a︡ Respublika --- Tlacatlahtocayotl Turquia --- Tʻŏkʻi --- T'ŏk'i Konghwaguk --- Tʼóok Bikéyah --- Torkėjė --- Tȯrkiă --- Törkie --- Törkieë --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ --- Tȯrkii︠a︡ Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Török Köztársaság --- Törökország --- Toruko --- Toruko Kyōwakoku --- Tourkia --- Tourkikē Dēmokratia --- Tturk --- Tu er qi gong he guo --- Tū-ī-gì --- Tū-ī-gì Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók --- Tu'erqi --- Tu'erqi gong he guo --- Tu'erqi Gongheguo --- Tuirc --- Tunkī --- Turchî --- Turchia --- Turchie --- Turchy Respublikæ --- Turcia --- Turcija --- Turcijas Republika --- Turcja --- Turcland --- Turcyjo --- Turechchyna --- Turecká republika --- Turecko --- Tureke --- Turet︠s︡ka Respublika --- Turėtskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Tureuki --- Türgi --- Türgi Vabariik --- Türgü --- Türgü Vabariik --- Turk --- Turkäi --- Turkaland --- Turkamastor --- Türkän --- Turkanʹ respubliksʹ --- Turkee --- Türkei --- Turkeya --- Turkeye --- Turki --- Turkia --- Turkia Respubliko --- Turkieë --- Turkiet --- Turkii --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ --- Tu̇rkii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Tu̇rkiĭė --- Tu̇rkiĭė Respublikata --- Turkija --- Turkije --- Turkin tasavalta --- Turkio --- Turkiyā --- Turkiya Republika --- Türkiyä Respublikası --- Turkiyah --- Turkiyakondre --- Türkiye --- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti --- Türkiýe Respublikasy --- Turkki --- Turkojska --- Turkowska --- Turkujo --- Turkya --- Turkyah --- Turkye --- Turqia --- Turquía --- Turquie (Repupblic) --- Turska --- Turtchie --- Turt︠s︡i --- Turt︠s︡i Respubliki --- Turt︠s︡iĭ --- Turt︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Turtsyi︠a︡ --- Turukiya --- Tuykia --- Twrci --- Tyrkia --- Tyrkiet --- Tyrkland --- Tẏrt︠s︡i --- Uturuki --- Vysokai︠a︡ Porta --- Whenua Korukoru --- Τουρκική Δημοκρατία --- Τουρκία --- Δημοκρατία της Τουρκίας --- Република Турска --- Република Турция --- Република Турција --- Турска --- Турцыя --- Турци --- Турци Республики --- Турция --- Турција --- Турций --- Турція --- Турчы Республикæ --- Турэцкая Рэспубліка --- Турк --- Туркань республиксь --- Туркамастор --- Турецька Республіка --- Турецка Республіка --- Турецкая Республика --- Туреччина --- Тюрк --- Тюрк Республика --- Тюркия --- Тюркия Республика --- רפובליקה הטורקית --- תורכיה --- טערקישע רעפובליק --- טערקיי --- טורקיה --- تركيا --- جمهورية التركية --- トルコ --- トルコ共和国 --- 土耳其 --- 土耳其共和國 --- 터키 --- 터키 공화국 --- Ethnic relations --- Admonition. --- Adultery. --- Age of majority. --- Agunah. --- Algiers. --- Annulment. --- Apostasy. --- Aristotelianism. --- Bathing. --- Benveniste. --- Bibliography. --- Bigamy. --- Blood libel. --- Book of Leviticus. --- Christendom. --- Christian. --- Christianity. --- Concubinage. --- Conversion to Judaism. --- Converso. --- Crucifixion of Jesus. --- Crypto-Judaism. --- Debasement. --- Debtor. --- Decree. --- Defamation. --- Disease. --- Domestic violence. --- Dowry. --- Early modern period. --- Embarrassment. --- Engagement. --- Excommunication. --- Expatriate. --- Feudalism. --- Gentile. --- Hakham. --- Heresy. --- House of Habsburg. --- Idolatry. --- Injunction. --- Jewish history. --- Jews. --- Judaism. --- Kabbalah. --- Karaite Judaism. --- Kastoria (regional unit). --- Kaunos. --- Ketubah. --- Ketubot (tractate). --- Kohen. --- Land of Israel. --- Livelihood. --- Maimonides. --- Manumission. --- Masturbation. --- Melamed. --- Morganatic marriage. --- Mr. --- Muhammad. --- Nagid. --- Natalie Zemon Davis. --- Nickname. --- Ottoman Empire. --- Patras. --- People of the Book. --- Persecution. --- Philosophy. --- Physician. --- Piety. --- Power of attorney. --- Precedent. --- Prostitution. --- Protestantism. --- Rabbi. --- Renunciation. --- Responsa. --- Retinue. --- Safed. --- Same-sex relationship. --- Sephardi Jews. --- Slavery. --- Social class. --- Spain. --- Spanish and Portuguese Jews. --- Spouse. --- Statute. --- Suffering. --- Talmud. --- Tax. --- The Other Hand. --- Tiberias. --- Torah study. --- Umar. --- Uskoks. --- Washing. --- Welding. --- Western Europe. --- Women in Judaism. --- Writ.

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the comparative study of religion --- Hinduism --- the Rig Veda --- the Brahmanas --- the Upanishads --- the yoga-sutra of Patanjali --- the Age of Ferment --- the Mahabharata of Vyasa --- the Bhagavad Gita --- the Ramayana of Valmiki --- the Shastras --- the Puranas --- the Tantras --- theology and philosophy in the Vedanta --- vernacular Hinduism in South India --- the Tevaram of Cuntarar --- the Periya Puranam of Cekkilar --- the Cilappatikaram of Ilanko Atikal --- the Tiruvaymoli of Nammalvar --- Shiva's warriors and wives in Kannada --- Basava and the Virashaivas --- Mahadeviyakka --- Telugu --- the Basava Purana of Palkuriki Somanatha --- Tirupati --- Annamayya --- Kshetrayya --- Rama --- Malayalam --- Kumaran Asan --- diaspora --- Hinduism in Cambodia, Java, and Bali --- vernacular Hinduism in North India --- the Bijak of Kabir --- Surdas --- Mirabai --- Tulsi Das --- Tukaram of Maharashtra --- Gods --- holy men --- caste and the Varkaris --- illusion and Bhakti --- Bengal --- Jayadeva --- Vidyapati --- Chandidas --- Govinda-Das --- Balarama-Das --- Chaitanya and Krishnadas Kaviraja --- Rupa Goswami --- Narottama Das --- Ketaka Das --- Ramprasad Sen --- Fakir Lalon Shah --- James Battery and W.H. Macnaghten --- Rammohun Roy --- Michael Madshusudan Datta --- Swami Vivekananda --- modernity --- folk Hinduism --- tribal Hinduism --- Dalit Hinduism --- Gujarat --- Nagaland --- Andhra Pradesh --- Adivasi Hinduism --- Gonds --- Rajnengi Pardhan --- Muria --- tribal groups --- Rabindranath Tagore --- Gitanjali --- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi --- Prem Chand --- Nirala --- Mahasveta Devi --- Anantha Murthy --- Anumandla Bhumayya --- Vilas Sarang --- Salman Rushdie --- Purushottam Nagesh Oak --- Kancha Ilaiah --- A.K. Ramanujan --- the Agganna Sutta --- King Shibi --- the Shibi Jataka --- Prince Vessantara --- the Vessantara Jataka --- the Buddha --- the Ariyapariyesana Sutta --- the life of the Buddha --- the Nidanakatha --- the Buddha's final days --- the final Nirvana --- the Mahaparinibbana Sutta --- the Wheel of the Dharma --- the Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta --- the Tevijja Sutta --- mindfulness --- the Satipatthana Sutta --- the Dhammapada --- Buddhist philosophy --- the Atthakavagga --- the Rhinoceros Horn Sutta --- the Khaggavisana Sutta --- the Therigatha --- the Mangala Sutta --- Kunala --- legend of Ashoka --- the Ashokavadana --- the Metta Sutta --- Buddhaghosa --- path of purification --- the Visuddhimagga --- the law of karma --- Vasubandhu --- the Abhidharmakosha --- Mahayana Sutras --- the Lotus Sutra --- the Saddharmapundarika --- the Vimalakirti Sutra --- the Sukhavativyuha Sutra --- the Diamond Sutra --- the Vajracchedika Prajnaparamita --- the Tathagatagarbha Sutra --- the Heart Sutra --- the Prajnaparamitahridaya Sutra --- Nagarjuna --- the Madhyamakakarika --- the Catuhstava --- Matricheta --- Kanishka --- the Kanishkalekha --- Bodhisattva --- Shantideva --- the Bodhicaryavatara --- Kamalashila --- the Bhavanakrama --- Buddhist Tantra --- rebirth --- the Sarvadurgatiparishodhana Tantra --- the complete enlightenment of Vairochana --- the Vairochanabhisambodhi Tantra --- tantric masters --- Abhayadatta --- the Chaturashitisiddhaprevritti --- Virupa --- Saraha --- the twenty-one Taras --- Buddhism in China --- the Shishi'er Zhang Jing --- the Dasheng Qixin Lun --- faith and practice --- the Bodhi Tree --- Xuanzang --- the Da tang Xiyu Ji --- the Hongzan Fahua Zhuan --- the origins of Zen --- the Liuzu Tan Jing --- Linji --- the Linji Lu --- the Ten Kings of Hell --- the Shiwang Jing --- Dahui --- the Zhi Yue Lu --- Chinese pilgrims --- Wu Cheng'en --- the Xi You Ji --- Dharani Sutra --- Baiyi Dabei Wuyinxin Tuoluoni Jing --- Buddhism in Korea --- Wonhyo --- Palsim Suhaeng Chang --- Chinul --- Susim Kyeol --- Buddhism in Japan --- the esoteric --- Kukai --- the Benkenmitsu Nikyo Ron --- Amithaba's Vow --- Shinran --- Tannisho --- Dogen --- the Shobogenzo --- Nichiren --- the Rissho Ankokuron --- Muju Ichien --- Shasekishu --- Buppo Yume Monogatari --- Ikkyu --- Gaikotsu --- Hakuin --- Orategama --- Buddhism in Tibet --- Chekawa --- the Lojong Tsik Gyeme Drelpa --- Milerepa --- Tsangnyon Heruka --- the Mile Namtar --- Tsong kha pa --- the Lam Rim Chen Mo --- Mangtho Ludrup Gyatso --- Nyamlen Nyingpo --- Janggya --- Dende Silwa Derje Daser --- Patrul Rinpoche --- Kunzang Lame Shelung --- modern Buddhism --- Chicago --- Anagarika Dharmapala --- India --- B.R. Ambedkar --- meditation --- Mahasi Sayadaw --- Vipassana --- San Francisco Zen --- Shunryu Suzuki --- America --- Gary Snyder --- Nobel Peace Prize --- the Dalai Lama --- Daoism --- the Zhou Dynasty --- the Qin Dynasty --- the book of Master Mo --- Mozi --- Daode Jing --- Laozi --- the book of Master Zhuang --- Zhuangzi --- Master of Huainan --- Huainan-zi --- Neiye --- Zhouyi cantong qi --- the book of Master Han Fei --- Han Feizi --- Jielao --- Sima Tan --- Heshang gong --- the six lineages of thought --- Lun liujia yaozhi --- classical Daoism --- the Han Dynasty --- the Six Dynasties period --- Taiping jing --- Laozi ming --- Laozi bianhua jing --- Cao Zhi --- Taishan --- Xiang Kai --- Emperor Huan --- Buddhism and Daoism --- Wang Fu --- conversion --- Laozi xiang'er zhu --- Dadao jia lingjie --- Xuandu lüwen --- Taishang huangting neijing yujing --- Taishing lingbao wufu xu --- absorption of solar and lunar essences --- Huangdi jiuding shendan jing --- Ge Hong --- Baopu zi neipian --- Shenxian zhuan --- Li Changzai --- Zhang Ling --- Nüqing guilü --- the record of the ten continents --- the demon statutes of lady blue --- Shizhou ji --- Laojun shuo yibai bashi jie --- Dongyuan shenzhou jing --- Zhen'gao --- Master Zhou --- Zhoushi mingtong ji --- Tao Hongjing --- Huangtiang shangqing jinque dijun lingshu ziwen shangjing --- Jinque dijun sanyuan zhenyi jing --- Lingbao wuliang duren shangpin miaojing --- Mingzhen zhai --- Lu xiansheng daomen kelüe --- Lu Xiujing --- Dongxuann lingbao wugan wen --- Taishang laojun kaitian jing --- Daoxue zhuan --- Santian neijie jing --- Dazhong songzhang --- Liu Yiqing --- Shishuo xinyu --- Daoist talismans --- Zhen Luan --- Xiaodao lun --- the consolidation and expansion of Daoism --- the Sui Dynasty --- the Tang Dynasty --- Japan --- Tibet --- China --- Zhengyi fawen xiuzhen zhiyao --- Shangqing mingtang yuanzhen jingjue --- Zhang Wanfu --- Chuanshou sandong jingjie falu lüeshuo --- Xuanlan renniao shan jingtu --- Dongxuan lingbao sandong fengdao kejie yingshi --- Taishang laojun neiguan jing --- Shitou Xiqian --- Cantong qi --- Yan Zhenqing --- Jin zixu yuanjun ling shangzhen siming nanyue furen xiantan beiming --- Wu Yun --- Buxu Ci --- Li Bo --- Mount Tai --- Bo Juyi --- Li Ao --- Fuxing shu --- Guifeng Zongmi --- Yuanren lun --- Du Guangting --- Yoncheng jixian lu --- Wang Fajin --- Ms. Wang --- Mao Ying --- Wei of Nanyue --- Li Quan --- Shenxian ganyu zhuan --- Daojiao lingyan ji --- Foshuo sanchu jing --- Qincheng Mountain --- Xiu qincheng shan zhuguan gongde ji --- the Master of Yanling --- Yanling xiansheng ji xinjiu fuqi jing --- Yu Xuanji --- Shanshui --- Huangfu Mei --- Nihongi --- Kakinomoto No Asomi Hitomaro --- the palace at Yoshino --- Sango shiki --- Kyobu --- Kamsan monastery --- the Song Dynasty --- the Yuan Dynasty --- Jindan longhu jing --- Zhang Boduan --- Wuzhen pian --- Zeng bailongdong Liu daoren ge --- Zhou Dunyi --- Taijitu shuo --- Shao Yong --- Wuming jun zhuan --- Yuan Miaozong --- Zhenren --- Taishang zhuguo jiumin zongzhen biyao --- Hong Mai --- Yijian --- Yijian zhi --- Qinghe --- Qinghe neizhuan --- Daoist ritual --- Daofa huiyuan --- Lingbao heavens --- transcendent salvation --- Yuanshi lingbao ziran jiutian shenghua chaodu yinlian bijue --- Baj Yuchan --- Leifu zou shiyi xun danzhang --- Wang Qizhen --- Shangqing heaven --- Shangqing lingbao dafa --- Taishang ganying pian --- Wang Zhe --- Chongyang lijiao shiwu lun --- Li Zhichang --- Changchun zhenren xiyou ji --- the Palace of Eternal Joy --- Yuan Congyi --- You Tang Chunyang lü zhenren citang ji --- Wang E --- Dachao chongjian Chunyang wanshou gong zhi bei --- Wang Daoyuan --- Huandan biyao lun --- Zhongli of the Han --- Lan Caihe --- enlightenment --- Han Zhong Li dutuo Lan Caihe --- Samguk yusa --- Podok --- Koguryo --- Samguk sagi --- Yon Kaesomun --- standardization and unification of Daoism --- the Ming Dynasty --- the Qing Dynasty --- Beiyou ji --- Sanshan fudi zhi --- Hanshan Deqing --- the Laozi and Zhuangzi --- Matteo Ricci --- religious sects --- Taiyi jinhua zongzhi --- Fu Shan --- Duan Honglong --- He Longxiang --- female alchemy --- Nüdan hebian --- Zhang Sanfeng --- Caizhen jiyao --- Min Yide --- Jin'gai xindeng --- Zhao Daojian --- Wang Changyue --- the hermits of Huashan --- shamanistic exorcism --- the Daoist Wang --- Wang daoren daoxing bei --- modern Chinese history --- the Yao of Southeast Asia --- Alfred, Lord Tennyson --- Oscar Wilde --- Taoism --- Martin Buber --- Chuang Tzu --- Carl Gustav Jung --- Chen Yingning --- Koujoue gouxuan lu --- Fangnei Sanren --- Dachu su --- Yoshitoyo Yoshioka --- Daoist monastic life --- Paul Shih-yi Hsiao --- Heidegger --- the Daode Jing --- Xu Jianguao --- reactionary Daoist cults --- Mount Nanyue --- George Harrison --- Fritjof Capra --- modern physics and Eastern Mysticism --- Qian Zhongshi --- Guanzhui bian --- mystical philosophies --- communal ritual --- Putian, Fukian --- Penang, Malaysia --- Ursula K. Le Guin --- Tao Te Ching --- RZA --- the Wu-Tang Manual --- Confucianism --- the Chinese Daoist Association on Global Ecology --- Judaism --- Israel --- First Temple literature --- the Bible --- Enuma Elish --- the legend of Sargon --- Torah --- Genesis --- Adam and Eve in Eden --- Hagar --- Judah --- Exodus --- Moses --- Egypt --- Mount Sinai --- the Ten Commandments --- Leviticus --- Aaron --- Deuteronomy --- Josiah --- psalms --- prophets --- Hosea --- Amos --- the Israelites --- Isaiah --- Jeremiah --- Ezekiel --- the Valley of Bones --- Second Temple literature --- Job --- Satan --- God --- Ecclesiastes --- Daniel --- prophecy of the end of time --- Ben Sira --- Ecclesiasticus --- Maccabees --- Eleazar --- martyrdom --- Enoch --- the Apocalypse --- Judgment Day --- the Sabbath --- Dead Sea Scrolls --- the Yahad's rule --- the Damascus document --- Habbakuk --- the Kittim --- God's prophecy --- the War Scroll --- Jewish literature in Ancient Greek --- Letter of Aristeas (to Philocrates) --- Philo of Alexandria --- the divine laws --- Roman Egypt --- Flavius Josephus --- the Jewish War --- Judaea under Roman rule --- the Rabbis --- the oral Torah --- Pirkei Avot --- the chain of oral transmissions from Sinai --- sayings of the Rabbis --- Babylonian Talmud --- Menachot --- Yeshiva --- Tosefta Sotah --- Bava Batra --- Eruvin --- Tosefta Eduyot --- Bava Metzia --- 'Akhnai --- Avot de-Rabbi Nathan --- the first Rabbinic Academy --- Midrash --- Revelation --- law and legend --- the laws of Sabbath observance and work --- labour --- food --- Genesis Rabbah --- legends on the creation of the world --- the Hebrew letter 'Beth' --- legends on the binding of Isaac --- Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer --- Samael versus Abraham --- the Rabbis among Pagans and Jews --- the Rabbis and Greek culture --- Mishnah --- Avodah Zarah --- Aphrodite --- Jerusalem Talmud --- Berachot --- Lady Yaltha --- Lady Beruriah --- Sotah --- synagogue and liturgy --- Tosefta Megillah --- Smyrna --- Aleinu --- Kaddish --- Haggadah shel Pesach --- Lamentations Rabbah --- Sanhedrin --- Sefer Zerubbabel --- Tosefta Hagiga --- Aher --- the myth of Sar Torah --- Sefer Yetsirah --- numerology and Gematria --- the Jewish Middle Ages --- Joseph Ben Judah Ibn Aqnin --- Tibb al-Nufus --- philosophy --- Saadya Gaon --- Creatio ex Nihilo --- Salomon Ben Jeroham --- Milhamot ha-Shem --- Karaite --- Sa'adiah --- Judah Halevi --- the Kuzari --- the Jewish people --- Moses Maimonides --- Isaac Abravanel --- Rosh Amanah --- Hai Gaon --- Teshuvot ha-Ge'onim --- Anan Ben David --- Karaite law of Sabbath --- Mishneh Torah --- Abraham Ben David of Posquières --- Rabad --- Meir of Rothenburg --- Maharam --- martyrdom and suicide --- Joseph Karo --- Shulhan Arukh --- Bible commentary --- Rashi --- Rabbi Shlomo Itzhaki --- Abraham Ibn Ezra --- Ramban --- Rabbi Moses Ben Nahman --- Nahmanides --- poetry --- sacred and secular --- Eleazar Ben Kallir --- Zion and God --- Ephraim of Bonn --- Dunash Ben Labrat --- the wife of Dunash --- Yitzhaq Ibn Mar Sha'ul --- Spain --- Samuel Ha-Nagid --- Solomon Ibn Gabirol --- Moses Ibn Ezra --- Todros Abulafia --- piety --- Bahya Ibn Pakuda --- Hovot ha-Levavot --- asceticism --- Judah the Hassid --- Sefer Hassidim --- Gan Eden --- Eleazar of Worms --- Hasidic piety --- Ben Sirah --- Lilith --- Adam --- Sefer Rezial --- Rabbi Kalonymous --- women's spirituality --- Tekhines --- the Mitzvah --- women's Mitzvot and the female body --- Glückel of Hameln --- mysticism --- Moses de Léon and the rise of Kabbalah --- the Zohar --- Be-Reshit --- the Messiah --- Parashat Be-Reshit --- Isaac Luria and the transformation of Kabbalah in Palestine --- Luria on creation --- Luria on prayer --- Solomon Alkabetz --- Lekhah Dodi --- Dybbuk --- medieval Messianism --- politics and mysticism --- the Barcelona disputation --- Nathan of Gaza --- Raphael Joseph --- Sabbatai Zevi --- Abraham Miguel Cardozo --- Hasidism and its opponents --- Rabbi Israel Ben Eliezer --- Baal Shem Tov --- The Besht --- Rabbi Gershon --- the dance of the Hasidim --- the Lithuanian Jew and the Besht --- Zava'at ha-Rivash --- Keter Shem Tov --- Dov Baer, the Maggid of Meseritch --- Maggid Devarav Le-Yaakov --- Rabbi Levi Yitzhak of Berdichev --- Kedushat Levi --- Rabbi Menahem Mendel of Vitebsk --- Pri ha-Aretz --- the Zaddik --- Rabbi Nahman of Bratslav --- Kitzur Likutey Moharan --- Likutey Moharan Kama --- the Brody Proclamation --- Hayyim of Volozhin --- Nefesh ha-Hayyim --- Lishmah --- modern Judaism --- Baruch Spinoza --- Theology --- politics --- Moses Mendelssohn --- historicism --- Immanuel Wolf --- science of Judaism --- Nahman Krochmal --- Moreh Nevukhe ha-Zeman --- Heinrich Graetz --- history of the Jews --- the Diaspora and Jewish literature --- Gershom Scholem --- Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi --- Zakhor --- Jewish historicism --- nineteenth-century religious movements --- reform --- Samuel Holdheim --- Talmud and reform --- Abraham Geiger --- present-day Judaism --- orthodoxy --- Moses Sofer --- the Reformed Temple --- Moses Schick --- herecy --- Samson Raphael Hirsch --- Akiva Schlesinger --- Lev ha-Ivri --- Israel Meir Kagan Poupko --- the Hafetz Hayim --- Sefer Homat ha-Dat --- religious reform --- Zecharias Frankel --- changes in Judaism --- modern Halakhah --- Mishnah Berurah --- Moshe Feinstein --- Arthur H. Neulander --- the use of electricity on the Sabbath --- Rahel Morpurgo --- Emma Lazarus --- the Jewish synagogue at Newport --- the tradition in twentieth-century Jewish thought --- Hermann Cohen --- Hasidism and modern man --- Mordecai Kaplan --- Franz Rosenzweig --- Joseph Ber Soloveitchik --- Halakhic man --- Abraham Joshua Heschel --- feminist thinkers --- Alicia Ostriker --- Rachel Adler --- Halakhah and the Jewish woman --- theology of purity --- Sara Reguer --- Judith Plaskow --- Shoah --- Emil L. 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Chesterton --- Thomas Henry Huxley --- Agnosticism and Christianity --- Matthew Arnold --- Emily Dickinson --- Gerard Manley Hopkins --- David Livingstone --- missionary travels and researches in South Africa --- Albert Schweitzer --- Christianity and the religions of the world --- Jane Addams --- Wilfred Owen --- T.S. Elliot --- the Magi --- Bertrand Russell --- Karl Barth --- Reinhold Niebuhr --- the Christian Church --- pacifism --- Dietrich Bonhoeffer --- W.H. Auden --- Flossenburg --- William Temple --- Simone Weil --- Mother Maria Skobtsova --- Dorothy Day --- Paul Tillich --- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin --- Thomas Merton --- C.S. 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Al-Husayn --- Al-Bistami --- the Mi'raj --- Al-Hakim Al-Tirmidhi --- Abi Abd Allah --- the Sage of Tirmidh --- Al-Sulami --- pious Sufi women --- Ibn Al-'Arabi --- Mecca --- Rumi --- the Mathnavi --- Isma'ili devotional songs --- Ginans --- Venti --- Ruhani Visal --- Pir Hasan Kabir al-Din --- Sakhi mari atama na odhar --- Pir Sadr al-Din --- Mulla Sadra Shirazi --- Qasida --- the Arabic ode --- 'Alqama --- Persian lyricism --- Nizami --- Sa'di --- Hafiz --- Adab --- Al-Jahiz --- Ibn Hazm --- the thousand and one nights --- Dara Shukoh --- colonialism and postcolonialism --- Al-Jabarti --- Nana Asma'u --- Bello --- Muhammad 'Abduh --- the theology of unity --- the expansion of Islam --- Rashid Ahmad Gangohi --- fatwas on Hajj in British India --- Muhammad Iqbal --- Mahmud Shaltut --- Sayyid Qutb --- Jihaad --- Malcolm X --- religious reassertion --- Ruhollah Khomeini --- the Cultural Revolution --- Mohammed Arkoun --- human rights --- Usama Bin Ladin --- the World Islamic Front --- Ebrahim Moosa --- Sayyid Ahmad Khan --- the rights of women --- Al-Manar --- polygamy --- 'Ali Shari'ati --- Fatima Mernissi --- the veil and the male elite --- Amina Wadud --- Qur'an and woman --- religious pluralism --- Nurcholish Madjid --- Islamic faith and the problem of pluralism --- Fethullah Gülen --- Tariq Ramadan --- Western Muslims and the future of Islam --- interreligious dialogue