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This book makes a substantial contribution to the study of Florentine history. It answers an important but hitherto unresolved question: why did the Florentine Republic keep a university in its capital city between 1385 and 1473 rather than follow the example of other Italian states in maintaining a university in a subject town? Based on a wide range of newly-found sources, it discloses that the University owed its survival to the support of the Florentine elite, especially the Medici family and its followers. It reveals systematically the close ties between the University and major developments in the social, economic, political, ecclesiastical, and cultural life of Florence and Florentine Tuscany. The appendices fill some of the greatest gaps in our knowledge of the University, identifying administrators, students, examiners, and teachers.
Medieval History --- Universities --- history
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This volume explores social practices of framing, building and enacting community in urban-rural relations across medieval Eurasia. Introducing fresh comparative perspectives on practices and visions of community, it offers a thorough source-based examination of medieval communal life in its sociocultural complexity and diversity in Central and Southeast Europe, South Arabia and Tibet. As multi-layered social phenomena, communities constantly formed, restructured and negotiated internal allegiances, while sharing a topographic living space and joint notions of belonging. The volume challenges disciplinary paradigms and proposes an interdisciplinary set of low-threshold categories and tools for cross-cultural comparison of urban and rural communities in the Global Middle Ages. Contributors are Maaike van Berkel, Hubert Feiglstorfer, Andre Gingrich, Károly Goda, Elisabeth Gruber, Johann Heiss, Kateřina Horníčková, Eirik Hovden, Christian Jahoda, Christiane Kalantari, Odile Kommer, Fabian Kümmeler, Christina Lutter, Judit Majorossy, Ermanno Orlando, and Noha Sadek.
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Between 1400 and 1700 the political, religious, intellectual, and even geographic landscape was profoundly changed by the Reformation, Humanism, the rise of empirical science, the invention of printing technology, and the discovery of the New World. The late medieval and early modern intellectuals felt an urgent need to respond to the changes they were involved in, and to come to a revision and re-authorisation of knowledge. They embarked on a scholarly programme of a quality and extent hitherto unknown in the Western world: the whole body of the literature of antiquity, including the Bible, w
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In Sufi Women of South Asia. Veiled Friends of God , the first biographical compendium of hundred and forty-one women, from the eleventh to the twentieth century, Tahera Aftab fills a serious gap in the existing scholarship regarding the historical presence of women in Islam and brings women to the centre of the expanding literature on Sufism. The book's translated excerpts from the original Farsi and Urdu sources that were never put together create a much-needed English-language source base on Sufism and Muslim women. The book questions the spurious religious and cultural traditions that patronise gender inequalities in Muslim societies and convincingly proves that these pious women were exemplars of Islamic piety who as true spiritual masters avoided its public display.
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In Alfonso de Cartagena's 'Memoriale virtutum' (1422) María Morrás and Jeremy Lawrance offer a new edition from the manuscripts of a compilation of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics addressed by the major Castilian intellectual of the day, bishop Alfonso de Cartagena, to the heir to the throne of Portugal, crown prince Duarte. The work was a speculum principis , an education for the future king in the virtues suitable to a statesman; Cartagena's choice of Aristotle was thus a significant index of the advent of new Renaissance ideas. This edition shows how the "memorial" throws light on the ideological transformation of society those ideas would bring, setting new ethical guidelines for the ruling class at the crossroads between medieval feudalism and Renaissance absolutism.
History --- Medieval History --- World history
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Das 12. Jahrhundert war wie kaum eine andere Zeitspanne von äußerst intensiven Kontakten und gegenseitigem Austausch zwischen Byzanz und der lateinischen Welt in politischer, ökonomischer, kultureller und religiöser Hinsicht gekennzeichnet. Viele lateinische Pilger, Kreuzfahrer, Kaufleute, Gesandte oder Reisende durchquerten das Byzantinische Reich oder ließen sich dort nieder. Die Hauptstadt Konstantinopel hatte als politisches, religiöses und kulturelles Zentrum des Reiches eine besondere Anziehungskraft und bot mit eigenen lateinischen Vierteln, Kirchen und Klöstern viele Anlaufstellen für Personen aus dem lateinischen Europa. Individuen, die sich zwischen Byzanz und dem Westen bewegten, befanden sich nicht selten in der Rolle des interkulturellen Mittlers. Einige von ihnen traten sogar in den Dienst des byzantinischen Kaisers und arbeiteten als Übersetzer, Dolmetscher, Berater oder Gesandte am Hof. Trotz ihres neuen Lebensmittelpunktes pflegten sie weiterhin Kontakte zu Teilen der lateinischen Welt, manche arbeiteten sogar gleichzeitig für den byzantinischen Hof und für lateinische Auftraggeber. Das Buch untersucht diese Akteure, ihr Wissen, ihre besonderen Fähigkeiten, ihr Wirken und Selbstverständnis. Zudem wird der Frage nach der Integration, nachpotenziellen Konflikten sowie den Loyalitäten dieser Individuen zwischen Byzanz und dem Westen nachgegangen. Dadurch wirft die Studie ein neues Licht auf diese Personen, die als Experten der Zwischenräume agierten.
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The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Central Europe summarizes the political, social, and cultural medieval history of Central Europe (c. ad 800-1600), a region long considered a "forgotten" area of the European past. The twenty-four cutting-edge chapters present up-to-date research about the region's core medieval kingdoms-Hungary, Poland, and Bohemia-and also their dynamic interactions with neighboring areas. From the Baltic to the Adriatic, the Handbook includes reflections on modern conceptions and uses of the region's shared medieval traditions. The volume's thematic organization reveals rarely compared knowledge about the region's medieval resources, its people and structures of power, social life and economy, religion and culture, and the images of its past.
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"In discussions relating to their role during the Middle Ages, women are typically assumed to only have been “pawns in a political game dominated by men”, or to have primarily acted as intermediaries of power. In this book, however, the varying expressions of power are studied by changing the focus from a political and economic exercise of power controlled by men, to an approach based on interaction and communication between the sexes. In this volume, gender is instead interpreted as a total social phenomenon comprising all spheres of medieval society. This approach provides new opportunities to investigate how power operated on different levels within a societal structure. Thus, power is neither seen as emanating from a centre nor as dominated by only one sex. Instead, it is regarded as an all-embracing societal web, woven through threads of mutual dependence between men and women.In this book, scholars belonging to various disciplines, such as history, history of arts and literary history, discuss how cooperation between the sexes found expression in culture, judicial spheres and social organisation. The contributions do not only consider the Nordic countries, but also how gender constructions were affected by, and transformed through, the influence of contemporary cultural, juridical and ideological currents in Europe.
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"The Battle of Hastings in 1066 is the one date forever seared on the British national psyche. It enabled the Norman Conquest that marked the end of Anglo-Saxon England. But there was much more to the Normans than the invading army Duke William shipped over from Normandy to the shores of Sussex. How a band of marauding warriors established some of the most powerful kingdoms in Europe - in Sicily and France, as well as England - is an improbably romantic idea. In exploring Norman culture in all its regions, Leonie V Hicks places the Normans in the context of early medieval society. Her comparative perspective enables the Norman story to be told in full, so that the societies of Rollo, William, Robert and Roger Guiscard are given the focused attention they deserve. From Hastings to the martial exploits of Bohemond and Tancred on the First Crusade; from castles and keeps to Romanesque cathedrals; and from the founding of the Kingdom of Sicily (1130) to cross-cultural encounters with Byzantines and Muslims, this is a fresh and lively survey of one of the most popular topics in European history."--Publisher.
Normans. --- Northmen --- Europe --- History --- Medieval history
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This book focuses on the teaching methods and doctrine produced at the Orléans law school between 1230 and 1320. This crucial period in the history of legal science was the heyday of the Orléans studium, whose writings spread throughout the medieval West and whose students joined the careers of high public administration, royal or ecclesiastical. While highlighting the part played by the Orléans jurists in the tremendous renewal of legal teaching methods and legal concepts in the 13th century, this book sheds light on the mechanisms of doctrinal transmission which, from masters to students, forged a genuine scolar identity over time.
History. --- Medieval History. --- Intellectual History. --- Legal History.
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