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Two years after George W. Bush declared the end of major combat operations in Iraq, the country is still far from stable. A fierce insurgency is still hampering the reconstruction of the country’s infrastructure and the development of the political process. On the other hand, success, however limited, cannot be denied: on 30 January 2005 Iraqis cast their ballots to elect a Transitional Assembly in most provinces of the country and a new government was inaugurated by the end of March 2005. The tasks are challenging, though, even without the precarious security situation: the National Assembly has to draft and vote on a constitution no later than 15 August 2005, a referendum on the constitution is scheduled for 15 October 2005 and new elections will follow on 15 December 2005. In all this, international support is important, maybe essential, but Iraq’s destiny lies as much with the international community as it does with its people and its leaders’ ability to overcome ethnic and sectarian divisions and make Iraq a functioning state. This Chaillot Paper aims to help to formulate a European position on Iraq based on a realistic assessment of the situation on the ground. ‘Looking into Iraq’ is neither an ethnographic, sociological nor a historical study or a mere policy paper, though aspects of these disciplines are used by authors, depending on their academic background. The paper focuses rather on those issues whose understanding is key to proper analysis. To achieve this a group of renowned scholars and experts were asked to write short pieces on Iraq, each of them with a different focus, covering : the current situation inside the country and possible future developments among the most important driving forces in Iraq ; this of course includes an analysis of the most important ethnic/sectarian cleavages in the country ; the outcome of the elections and the next steps for further democratisation ; aims and intentions of the United States in Iraq ; and finally a possible role for the EU.

Elections --- European Union --- Foreign relations --- Iraq --- United States --- Irak --- Etats-Unis --- Politics and government --- Ethnic relations --- Politique et gouvernement --- Relations interethniques --- Relations extérieures --- European Union countries --- Relations extérieures --- Elections - Iraq --- Iraq - Politics and government - 2003 --- -United States - Foreign relations - Iraq --- Iraq - Foreign relations - United States --- European Union countries - Foreign relations - Iraq --- Iraq - Foreign relations - European Union countries

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In studying the withdrawal from Iraq, RAND assessed logistical constraints, trends in insurgent activity, the readiness of Iraqi security forces, and implications for the size of the residual U.S. force and for security in Iraq and the region. This report presents alternative schedules: one consistent with the Obama administration's intentions, one somewhat slower, and another faster. It also identifies steps to alleviate constraints and risks.

Disengagement (Military science). --- Internal security --Iraq. --- Iraq --Military relations --United States. --- Iraq --Politics and government --2003-. --- Iraq War, 2003- --Peace. --- Peace-building --Iraq. --- Postwar reconstruction --Iraq. --- United States --Military policy. --- United States --Military relations --Iraq. --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Postwar reconstruction --- Disengagement (Military science) --- Peace-building --- Internal security --- Middle East --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Peace --- Peace. --- United States --- Iraq --- Military relations --- Politics and government --- Military policy. --- Building peace --- Peacebuilding --- Battle termination --- Anglo-American Invasion of Iraq, 2003-2011 --- Dawn, Operation New, 2010-2011 --- Gulf War II, 2003-2011 --- Iraqi Freedom, Operation, 2003-2010 --- New Dawn, Operation, 2010-2011 --- Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2003-2010 --- Operation New Dawn, 2010-2011 --- Operation Telic, 2003-2011 --- Persian Gulf War, 2003-2011 --- Telic, Operation, 2003-2011 --- Conflict management --- Peacekeeping forces --- Combat --- Tactics --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- #SBIB:327.5H21 --- #SBIB:328H516 --- Vrede – oorlog, oorlogssituaties --- Instellingen en beleid: Irak --- E-books

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Malgré le temps écoulé depuis le 19 mars 2003, date de son déclenchement, la « guerre en Irak» s’impose encore dans l’actualité. Intervention armée voulue par les Etats-Unis dans un contexte géopolitique a priori défini par les événements du 11 Septembre 2001 et de la lutte contre le terrorisme... La décision de « faire la guerre » ne saurait faire abstraction des modalités de l’information des citoyens via les médias de masse, en particulier des chaînes de télévision et du sens des images censées montrer les faits. Mais quid de chaque contexte précisément ? Dans une crise de cette ampleur, les médias des démocraties historiques ont-ils assuré toutes leurs fonctions ? Le débat a-t-il encore un sens ou est-il réduit aux seuls dirigeants prenant leurs décisions sur des motifs de politique internationale et/ou de défense d’intérêts économiques ? Peuvent-ils agir contre la majorité des concitoyens, quitte à manipuler faits et arguments par une communication publique outrancière pour emporter leur adhésion ? Finalement, à qui profite la « guerre en Irak » ?

Geschiedenis van de nieuwste tijden --- Histoire contemporaine --- Media --- Médias --- Politiek --- Politique --- Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Mass media and war --- Guerre en Irak, 2003-2011 --- Médias et guerre --- Propaganda --- Congresses --- Mass media and the war --- Propagande --- Congrès --- United States --- Iraq --- Politics and government --- Oorlog ; Irak --- oorlogsjournalistiek --- Iraq War, 2003-2011. --- World politics --- BPB0703 --- 341.31 <567> --- 070.1 --- 316.77 --- Oorlogstoestand. Staat van oorlog. Oorlogsverklaring--Irak --- Pers: begrip; betekenis; invloed; ethiek; onafhankelijkheid --- Communicatiesociologie --- 316.77 Communicatiesociologie --- 070.1 Pers: begrip; betekenis; invloed; ethiek; onafhankelijkheid --- Médias et guerre --- Congrès --- Anglo-American Invasion of Iraq, 2003-2011 --- Dawn, Operation New, 2010-2011 --- Gulf War II, 2003-2011 --- Iraqi Freedom, Operation, 2003-2010 --- New Dawn, Operation, 2010-2011 --- Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2003-2010 --- Operation New Dawn, 2010-2011 --- Operation Telic, 2003-2011 --- Persian Gulf War, 2003-2011 --- Telic, Operation, 2003-2011 --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- United States - Politics and government - 2001-2009 --- Iraq - Politics and government - 2003 --- -Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- -Iraq War, 2003-2011.