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"Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid peptide mainly secreted by the stomach. To better understand the role of ghrelin signaling, Ghrelin: Function, Mechanism of Action and Role in Health and Disease first explores the regulation of age-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Following this, the authors discuss the influence of different variables on the response of short-term appetite regulation induced by exercise. External factors such as temperature and environment exert effects on hormonal responses, including hunger sensation and energy intake. The effects of gender differences and aging on psychological stress-dependent eating disorders are assessed, and the involvement of endogenous ghrelin, the serotonin 2c receptor and the estrogen alpha receptor is discussed. The penultimate chapter reviews the relationship between sleep and eating behavior, focusing in the influences of circadian changes on appetite related responses such as plasma concentration of ghrelin. The concluding study highlights the ghrelin system as a promising candidate for cardiovascular drug discovery, a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of endothelial impairment, and a possible contribution to the prevention of atherosclerosis"--
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Ghrelin. --- Gastrointestinal hormones. --- Endocrinological gastroenterology --- Gut hormones --- Regulatory gut peptides --- RGP (Hormones) --- Hormones --- Motilin-related peptide --- Gastrointestinal hormones --- Peptide hormones
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This new volume of Methods in Enzymology continues the legacy of this premier serial by containing quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. The volume covers ghrelin, and has chapters on such topics as orphan gpcrs and methods for identifying their ligands, ghrelin o-acyltransferase assays and inhibition, and thermogenic characterization of ghrelin receptor null mice. Contains quality chapters authored by leaders in the field Has chapters on such topics as orphan gpcrs and methods for identifying their ligands, ghrelin o-acyltransferase assays an
Ghrelin -- Physiological effect. --- Ghrelin. --- Growth hormone. --- Peptide Hormones --- Investigative Techniques --- Peptides --- Hormones --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical --- Ghrelin --- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical. --- Enzymes. --- Biochemistry. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biocatalysts --- Ferments --- Soluble ferments --- Motilin-related peptide --- Composition --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Catalysts --- Proteins --- Enzymology --- Gastrointestinal hormones --- Peptide hormones
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The Ghrelin receptor was identified before its natural ligand ghrelin. This receptor is found both centrally and peripherally, and has been shown to affect various processes, such as food intake, gut motility, memory, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular performances, reproduction, memory, and immunological responses, amongst others. The functions of the ghrelin receptor in the central nervous system are numerous and are still being explored. In this book we specifically focus on the various roles of the ghrelin receptor in the central nervous system. In a first set of chapters, the book will focus on the discovery and the properties of this intriguing constitutively active G-protein coupled receptor, on its multiple intracellular transduction mechanisms and the various subtypes of the currently known ghrelin receptor complexes. Next, the book will elaborate on the mitochondrial mechanisms regulated by the ghrelin receptor, its role in feeding and drug addictive mechanisms, memory, sleep and arousal. The final chapters focus on the potential of this receptor as a target for the treatment of neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, anxiety and depression.
Ghrelin --- Peptide hormones --- Physiological effect. --- Receptors. --- Motilin-related peptide --- Gastrointestinal hormones --- Neurosciences. --- Neurochemistry. --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system
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Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid acylated peptide predominantly produced by the stomach. It displays strong GH-releasing activity mediated by the hypothalamus-pituitary GH secretagogue (GHS)-receptors specific for synthetic GHS. Ghrelin also acts on other central and peripheral receptors and enables other actions including: stimulation of lactotroph and corticotroph secretion; food-intake; gastro-entero-pancreatic functions; metabolic; cardiovascular activity; and anti-proliferative effects. This volume aims to highlight the impact and function of the hormone ghrelin and provide insight to neuroendocrinologies and researchers interested in its molecular and clinical relevance.
Ghrelin --- Peptide hormones --- Physiological effect. --- Physiology. --- Diabetes. --- Internal medicine. --- Internal Medicine. --- Medicine, Internal --- Medicine --- Brittle diabetes --- Diabetes mellitus --- IDDM (Disease) --- Insulin-dependent diabetes --- Ketosis prone diabetes --- Type 1 diabetes --- Carbohydrate intolerance --- Endocrine glands --- Diabetic acidosis --- Glycosylated hemoglobin --- Diseases
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Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain dopaminergic reward pathways. Indeed, animals and people will increase or decrease their feeding responses when stressed. In many cases acute stress leads to a decrease in food intake, yet chronic social stressors are associated to increases in caloric intake and adiposity. Interestingly, mood disorders and the treatments used to manage these disorders are also associated with changes in appetite and body weight. These data suggest a strong interaction between the systems that regulate feeding and metabolism and those that regulate mood. This Research Topic aims to illustrate how hormonal mechanisms regulate the nexus between feeding behavior and stress. It focuses on the hormonal regulation of hypothalamic circuits and/or brain dopaminergic systems, as the potential sites controlling the converging pathways between feeding behavior and stress.
Neuroendocrinology. --- Paraneurons. --- Stress (Physiology) --- Obesity --- Dopamine. --- Ghrelin. --- Leptin. --- Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Endocrine aspects. --- Hormonal aspects of physiological stress --- Endocrinology --- Neuroendocrine cells --- Neurons --- Chromaffin cells --- Neurology --- Neurohormones --- Adiposity --- Corpulence --- Fatness --- Overweight --- Body weight --- Metabolism --- Nutrition disorders --- Ob protein --- Hormones --- Motilin-related peptide --- Gastrointestinal hormones --- Peptide hormones --- Biogenic amines --- Bromocriptine --- Catecholamines --- Neurotransmitters --- Hormonal aspects --- Disorders --- stress --- Dopamine --- Ghrelin --- Leptin --- Seasonal regulation --- feeding --- HPA axis --- Hypothalamus --- circadian rhythms
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Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor, is critical in the control of food intake and energy balance. The ghrelin receptors are now known to have important physiological properties as modulators of growth hormone release, appetite, glucose homeostasis, metabolism, immune function, neurotransmitter activity, cognitive function and neurodegeneration. Bringing all of this information together in the first comprehensive text on the topic, Ghrelin in Health and Disease provides a state-of-the-art synthesis of the latest work in this area for physicians and physician-scientists. This volume addresses the unique property of ghrelin as a modulator of function. Such a property provides potential utility for safe intervention in a wide variety of disease states. Indeed as we learn more about the basic physiology of ghrelin, the potential for treating new disease targets emerge requiring validation in the clinic. Each chapter in this volume is authored by a leading investigator in the field. The introductory chapter sets the background for the book and provides a superb overview of the relevance of ghrelin to physiology, describing how the discovery of ghrelin has prompted us to completely rethink traditional physiology. The authors conclude their chapters by critically addressing the future translational aspects of ghrelin biology and outlining what key basic research and clinical questions remain to be addressed. An invaluable resource, Ghrelin in Health and Disease distinguishes itself as the first comprehensive title covering all of the molecular and clinical issues relating to ghrelin and advancing our clinical understanding of obesity, growth, and reproductive pathogenesis.
Nutrition Therapy. --- Palliative treatment. --- Terminal care. --- Ghrelin --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Peptide Hormones --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Hormones --- Peptides --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Physiology --- Metabolism --- Medicine --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Clinical Endocrinology --- Physiological aspects --- Ghrelin. --- Motilin-related peptide --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Neurosciences. --- Nutrition. --- Endocrinology. --- Geriatrics. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Geriatrics/Gerontology. --- Gastrointestinal hormones --- Peptide hormones --- Alimentation --- Food --- Nutrition --- Health --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Gerontology --- Older people --- Internal medicine --- Health aspects --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Endocrinology . --- Nutrition .
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“Personalised Nutrition” represents any initiative that attempts to provide tailor-made healthy eating advice based on the nutritional needs of each individual, as these are dictated by the individual’s behaviour, phenotype and/or genotype, and their interactions. This Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to the development, implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of evidence-based “Personalised Nutrition” strategies. In this regard, a selection of reviews and original research manuscripts will bring together the latest evidence on how lifestyle habits, physiology, nutraceuticals, gut microbiome and genetics can be integrated into nutritional solutions, specific to the needs of each individual, for maintaining health and preventing diseases.
n/a --- gene-based --- taste --- postprandial leptin --- children --- personalised --- obesity --- macronutrient composition --- gastrointestinal symptoms --- postprandial adiponectin --- formula diet --- avoidance diet --- weight loss --- weight --- omega-3 fatty acids --- microbiome --- genotype --- nutrition --- direct-to-consumer test --- intervention --- clinical nutrition --- postprandial total ghrelin --- dietary intervention --- microbiota --- low-carbohydrate diet --- insulin --- FADS polymorphism --- adults --- genetics --- diet --- healthcare professionals --- HbA1c --- PROX1 gene --- phenotype --- high-fat meal --- glucose --- personalised nutrition --- irritable bowel syndrome --- dietary recommendation --- postprandial metabolic fingerprinting --- type 2 diabetes mellitus risk --- high-carbohydrate meal --- health --- ultra-high performance liquid chromatography --- food allergy --- normo-carbohydrate meal --- nutrimetabolomics --- type 2 diabetes --- nutrigenetics --- gene–diet interaction --- personalized nutrition --- gene-diet interaction
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Athletes and their support personnel are constantly seeking evidence-informed recommendations to enhance athletic performance during competition and to optimize training-induced adaptations. Accordingly, nutritional and supplementation strategies are commonplace when seeking to achieve these aims, with such practices being implemented before, during, or after competition and/or training in a periodized manner. Performance nutrition is becoming increasingly specialized and needs to consider the diversity of athletes and the nature of the competitions. This Special Issue, Nutrition Support for Athletic Performance, describes recent advances in these areas.
satiety --- n/a --- polyphenols --- Paralympic --- intermittent exercise --- ammonia --- carbohydrate intake --- supplementation --- elite athletes --- recommendations --- muscle function --- carbohydrate --- exercise-induced muscle damage --- nutrition knowledge --- work capacity --- nutritional supplements --- pomegranate --- dietary protein --- peptide YY --- energy availability --- energy --- nitric oxide --- antioxidant --- stroke count --- athletes --- sports nutrition --- female athletes --- ghrelin --- nutrition --- nutritional recommendations --- fluid replacement --- central fatigue --- Paralympic athlete --- dietary intervention --- wheelchair rugby --- resistance training --- quadriplegic athletes --- gender --- hypertrophy --- exercise --- energy balance --- recovery --- endurance --- chrononutrition --- sleep --- RED-S --- immune function --- dietary supplements --- physical performance --- ergogenic aids --- diet --- tryptophan --- glucose --- stroke rate --- oral microbiome --- health --- team sports --- fructose --- calories --- muscle mass --- exercise and sport nutrition --- anaerobic power --- athletics --- tart cherry
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This addresses current advances and challenges in fisheries and aquaculture science. Exposure of larval fish to elevated temperatures during embryological development may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations, which are suggested possible impacts of global warming. Molecular markers shed new light on the ontogenetic migration of stream fishes. Fast growth rates, early age at maturity, moderate fecundity, and diverse diet explain the potential for introduced fishes to dominate fish communities in their native and introduced range. Taking videos of marine benthic habitats supports low-impact, real-time monitoring of species occurrence. Among heavily fished species, almost half had outdated demographic assessments that would benefit from the integration of data from fisheries sources and improved collaboration among fishery stakeholders and managers. The continued growth of aquaculture will depend upon developing feeds that improve the growth, oxidative status, and immune response of fed cultured organisms. New aquaculture feedstuffs might be derived from plants or microbes, and new additives would include ghrelins and dietary symbiotics. The effects of these constituents on survival, growth, gut histomorphology, immune response were assessed for cultured freshwater and marine species. The results provide suggestions for advances in aquafeeds for the species studied and for cultured fishes more generally. The scientific advances realized with the use of new tools provide the basis for addressing global challenges to fisheries, aquaculture and for ongoing scientific research.
Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Fisheries & related industries --- Aurantiochytrium sp. --- docosahexaenoic acid --- histology --- Oreochromis niloticus --- physiology --- temperature --- underwater video --- ichthyofauna --- seagrass bed --- macroalgae soft substrate --- perireefal --- synbiotic --- acidifier --- organic salt --- humoral immune response --- antioxidant enzymes --- digestive enzymes --- disease resistance --- fishing importance --- FAO --- IUCN Red List --- RAM Legacy --- overfishing --- sustainability --- aquaculture feeds --- plant byproducts --- enzymatic pretreatment --- skeletal development --- ossification --- morphological alterations --- bullhead --- black bullhead --- ameiurus --- Ameiurus melas --- life history --- growth --- reproductive potential --- fecundity --- maturity --- sex ratio --- conservation planning --- dispersal --- genetic markers --- mating system --- parentage analysis --- visual tags --- aquaculture --- ghrelin --- gilthead sea bream --- growth hormone secretagogue --- feed intake --- metabolism --- welfare --- alternative ingredients --- gut digesta --- gut histomorphology --- gut mucosa --- n/a
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