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When it comes to dealing with high voltages or issues of high electric currents, infrastructure security and people’s safety are of paramount importance. These kinds of phenomena have dangerous consequences, therefore studies concerning the effects of lightning are crucial. The normal operation of transmission and distribution systems is greatly affected by lightning, which is one of the major causes of power interruptions: direct or nearby indirect strikes can cause flashovers in overhead transmission and distribution lines, resulting in over voltages on the line conductors. Contributions to this Special Issue have mainly focused on modelling lightning activity, investigating physical causes, and discussing and testing mathematical models for the electromagnetic fields associated with lighting phenomena. In this framework, two main topics have emerged: 1) the interaction between lightning phenomena and electrical infrastructures, such as wind turbines and overhead lines; and 2) the computation of lightning electromagnetic fields in the case of particular configuration, considering a negatively charged artificial thunderstorm or considering a complex terrain with arbitrary topography

Technology: general issues --- lightning --- lightning protection system --- wind turbine blades --- ANSYS workbench --- graphics processing unit (GPU) --- OpenACC (open accelerators) --- finite difference time domain (FDTD) --- lightning magnetic fields --- electromagnetic field --- analytical formula --- corona discharge --- lightning protection --- electromagnetic pulse --- lightning-induced voltages --- numerical codes --- distribution lines --- lightning-induced overvoltages --- grounding modeling --- soil resistivity --- artificial thunderstorm cell --- upward streamer discharges --- electromagnetic radiation spectrum --- wavelet --- transmission line monitoring system --- model element --- simulation --- corona --- lightning surge --- overhead line --- transient calculation --- lightning --- lightning protection system --- wind turbine blades --- ANSYS workbench --- graphics processing unit (GPU) --- OpenACC (open accelerators) --- finite difference time domain (FDTD) --- lightning magnetic fields --- electromagnetic field --- analytical formula --- corona discharge --- lightning protection --- electromagnetic pulse --- lightning-induced voltages --- numerical codes --- distribution lines --- lightning-induced overvoltages --- grounding modeling --- soil resistivity --- artificial thunderstorm cell --- upward streamer discharges --- electromagnetic radiation spectrum --- wavelet --- transmission line monitoring system --- model element --- simulation --- corona --- lightning surge --- overhead line --- transient calculation

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This publication provides a comprehensive and systematically organized coverage of higher order finite-difference time-domain or FDTD schemes, demonstrating their potential role as a powerful modeling tool in computational electromagnetics. Special emphasis is drawn on the analysis of contemporary waveguide and antenna structures. Acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in the evolution of the original Yee's algorithm, the higher order FDTD operators remain the subject of an ongoing scientific research. Among their indisputable merits, one can distinguish the enhanced levels of accuracy even for coarse grid resolutions, the fast convergence rates, and the adjustable stability. In fact, as the fabrication standards of modern systems get stricter, it is apparent that such properties become very appealing for the accomplishment of elaborate and credible designs.

Electromagnetism --- Wave guides --- Antennas (Electronics) --- Time-domain analysis. --- Finite differences. --- Mathematical models. --- Differences, Finite --- Finite difference method --- Analysis, Time-domain --- Waveguides --- Electromagnetics --- Finite-difference time-domain methods. --- FDTD. --- Computational electromagnetics. --- Yee's algorithm. --- Waveguide and antenna structure and analysis. --- Electromagnetic modeling. --- Numerical analysis --- System analysis --- Electronic apparatus and appliances --- Electric conductors --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Gyrators --- Microwave transmission lines --- Radio --- Transducers --- Magnetic induction --- Magnetism --- Metamaterials --- Equipment and supplies

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When it comes to dealing with high voltages or issues of high electric currents, infrastructure security and people’s safety are of paramount importance. These kinds of phenomena have dangerous consequences, therefore studies concerning the effects of lightning are crucial. The normal operation of transmission and distribution systems is greatly affected by lightning, which is one of the major causes of power interruptions: direct or nearby indirect strikes can cause flashovers in overhead transmission and distribution lines, resulting in over voltages on the line conductors. Contributions to this Special Issue have mainly focused on modelling lightning activity, investigating physical causes, and discussing and testing mathematical models for the electromagnetic fields associated with lighting phenomena. In this framework, two main topics have emerged: 1) the interaction between lightning phenomena and electrical infrastructures, such as wind turbines and overhead lines; and 2) the computation of lightning electromagnetic fields in the case of particular configuration, considering a negatively charged artificial thunderstorm or considering a complex terrain with arbitrary topography

lightning --- lightning protection system --- wind turbine blades --- ANSYS workbench --- graphics processing unit (GPU) --- OpenACC (open accelerators) --- finite difference time domain (FDTD) --- lightning magnetic fields --- electromagnetic field --- analytical formula --- corona discharge --- lightning protection --- electromagnetic pulse --- lightning-induced voltages --- numerical codes --- distribution lines --- lightning-induced overvoltages --- grounding modeling --- soil resistivity --- artificial thunderstorm cell --- upward streamer discharges --- electromagnetic radiation spectrum --- wavelet --- transmission line monitoring system --- model element --- simulation --- corona --- lightning surge --- overhead line --- transient calculation --- n/a

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Nanoplasmonics is an area that uses light to couple electrons in metals, and can break the diffraction limit for light confinement into subwavelength zones, allowing for strong field enhancements. In the last two decades, there has been a resurgence of this research topic and its applications. Thus, this Special Issue presents a collection of articles and reviews by international researchers and is devoted to the recent advances in and insights into this research topic, including plasmonic devices, plasmonic biosensing, plasmonic photocatalysis, plasmonic photovoltaics, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- plasmonics --- localized surface plasmon resonance --- high pressure --- sensing --- SERS --- two-dimensional material --- titanium carbide MXene --- near-field enhancement --- plasmonic material --- optical properties of ultra-thin dielectric films --- surface plasmon spectroscopy --- spectroscopic ellipsometry --- SHINERS --- core–shell nanoparticles --- catalysis --- electrochemistry --- nanowires --- back reflector --- solar cells --- plasmonic --- III-V semiconductor --- surface plasmon resonance --- photonic crystal D-shaped fiber --- refractive index sensor --- dispersion sensor --- second-order dispersion sensor --- waveguide --- SPPs --- FDTD --- bandstop filter --- CMT --- nanocrystalline cellulose --- optical characterization --- copper ion --- poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) --- structural properties --- optical properties --- Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) --- fabrication --- application --- agriculture --- food safety --- gold --- nanoparticles --- thiophenol --- silicon --- nonlinear optics --- sum-frequency generation --- UV-vis spectroscopy --- atomic force microscopy --- CLIO free electron laser --- inverse problem --- copper --- copper oxide --- n/a --- core-shell nanoparticles

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Satisfactory acoustics is crucial for the ability of spaces such as auditoriums and lecture rooms to perform their primary function. The acoustics of dwellings and offices greatly affects the quality of our life, since we are all consciously or subconsciously aware of the sounds to which we are daily subjected. Architectural acoustics, which encompasses room and building acoustics, is the scientific field that deals with these topics and can be defined as the study of generation, propagation, and effects of sound in enclosures. Modeling techniques, as well as related acoustic theories for accurately calculating the sound field, have been the center of many major new developments. In addition, the image conveyed by a purely physical description of sound would be incomplete without regarding human perception; hence, the interrelation between objective stimuli and subjective sensations is a field of important investigations. A holistic approach in terms of research and practice is the optimum way for solving the perplexing problems which arise in the design or refurbishment of spaces, since current trends in contemporary architecture, such as transparency, openness, and preference for bare sound-reflecting surfaces are continuing pushing the very limits of functional acoustics. All the advances in architectural acoustics gathered in this Special Issue, we hope that inspire researchers and acousticians to explore new directions in this age of scientific convergence.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- acoustic measurements --- impulse response measurements --- omnidirectional source --- dodecahedron --- acoustic parameters --- sound source --- reverberation time --- ISO 3382 --- auralization --- sound absorption --- perforated panels --- micro-perforated panels --- resonant absorbers --- frequency domain --- PUFEM --- room acoustics --- wave-based method --- discretization error --- explicit method --- finite element method --- high order scheme --- room acoustic simulations --- time domain --- shoebox concert hall --- diffusive surfaces --- diffusers location --- acoustical parameters --- variable acoustics --- subjective investigation --- acoustics --- opera house --- intangible cultural heritage --- open-air ancient theatres --- ISO 3382-1 --- firecrackers --- building acoustics --- sound absorption coefficient --- prediction models --- supervised learning method --- worship space acoustics --- acoustics simulation --- acoustic heritage --- archaeo-acoustics --- acoustic subspaces --- FDTD simulation --- speech intelligibility --- open-plan offices --- spatial decay --- ISO 3382-3 --- room absorption --- office noise --- speech --- calculation models --- absorption --- scattering --- airflow resistivity --- long space --- coherent image source method --- sound-absorbing boundary --- sound field modeling --- scale-model experiment --- reflection power --- room response --- directional decay rates --- room modes --- eigenbeam processing --- spatial correlation --- concert hall acoustics --- lateral reflections --- shoebox typology --- spatial impression --- perception thresholds --- skeletal reflections --- reflection sequence --- seat dip effect --- seat height --- seat spacing --- mechanism --- acoustic measurements --- impulse response measurements --- omnidirectional source --- dodecahedron --- acoustic parameters --- sound source --- reverberation time --- ISO 3382 --- auralization --- sound absorption --- perforated panels --- micro-perforated panels --- resonant absorbers --- frequency domain --- PUFEM --- room acoustics --- wave-based method --- discretization error --- explicit method --- finite element method --- high order scheme --- room acoustic simulations --- time domain --- shoebox concert hall --- diffusive surfaces --- diffusers location --- acoustical parameters --- variable acoustics --- subjective investigation --- acoustics --- opera house --- intangible cultural heritage --- open-air ancient theatres --- ISO 3382-1 --- firecrackers --- building acoustics --- sound absorption coefficient --- prediction models --- supervised learning method --- worship space acoustics --- acoustics simulation --- acoustic heritage --- archaeo-acoustics --- acoustic subspaces --- FDTD simulation --- speech intelligibility --- open-plan offices --- spatial decay --- ISO 3382-3 --- room absorption --- office noise --- speech --- calculation models --- absorption --- scattering --- airflow resistivity --- long space --- coherent image source method --- sound-absorbing boundary --- sound field modeling --- scale-model experiment --- reflection power --- room response --- directional decay rates --- room modes --- eigenbeam processing --- spatial correlation --- concert hall acoustics --- lateral reflections --- shoebox typology --- spatial impression --- perception thresholds --- skeletal reflections --- reflection sequence --- seat dip effect --- seat height --- seat spacing --- mechanism