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World of Letters retrieves an important but largely forgotten history of readers, reading practices and cultural debates in early apartheid South Africa. Corinne Sandwith pursues this history in the ephemeral spaces of oppositional newspapers, literary magazines, debating societies and theatre groups. What emerges from the diverse fragments is a rich tradition of public debate in South Africa on literature and culture. What also surfaces are a host of readers and critics - such as A.C. Jordan, Dora Taylor, Jack Cope and Ben Kies - whose lively cultural interventions form a significant part of South Africa' s literary-cultural and socio-political heritage. Offering a combination of historical narrative, critical analysis and biography, this elegantly written book recovers these neglected reading and debating communities in order to bring them into the present and to reclaim their constitutive role in both the literary archive and the public sphere.

Journalism --- Intellectuals --- Books and reading --- Government, Resistance to --- Marxist criticism --- Apartheid --- Political aspects --- Taylor, Dora, --- Non-European Unity Movement (South Africa) --- South Africa --- Intellectual life.

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Originally conceived as part of a unifying vision for Europe, the euro is now viewed as a millstone around the neck of a continent crippled by vast debts, sluggish economies, and growing populist dissent. In Europe's Orphan, leading economic commentator Martin Sandbu presents a compelling defense of the euro. He argues that rather than blaming the euro for the political and economic failures in Europe since the global financial crisis, the responsibility lies firmly on the authorities of the eurozone and its member countries. The eurozone's self-inflicted financial calamities and economic decline resulted from a toxic cocktail of unforced policy errors by bankers, politicians, and bureaucrats; the unhealthy coziness between finance and governments; and, above all, an extreme unwillingness to restructure debt.Sandbu traces the origins of monetary union back to the desire for greater European unity after the Second World War. But the euro's creation coincided with a credit bubble that governments chose not to rein in. Once the crisis hit, a battle of both ideas and interests led to the failure to aggressively restructure sovereign and bank debt. Ideologically informed choices set in motion dynamics that encouraged more economic mistakes and heightened political tensions within the eurozone. Sandbu concludes that the prevailing view that monetary union can only work with fiscal and political union is wrong and dangerous-and risks sending the continent into further political paralysis and economic stagnation.Contending that the euro has been wrongfully scapegoated for the eurozone's troubles, Europe's Orphan charts what actually must be done for the continent to achieve an economic and political recovery.This revised edition contains a new preface addressing the economic and political implications of Brexit, as well as updated text throughout. Europe's Orphan charts what actually must be done for the continent to achieve a full recovery.

Debt relief --- Financial crises --- Eurozone. --- Euro. --- Monetary policy --- Money --- 2000-2099 --- Europe --- European Union countries --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy. --- Berlin. --- Brexit. --- Britain. --- Dublin. --- EU. --- Europe. --- European Financial Stability Facility. --- European economies. --- European economy. --- European nation states. --- European policymaking. --- European unity. --- German money. --- Germany. --- Greece. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Ireland. --- Irish banks. --- Irish economic policy. --- United Kingdom. --- account deficits. --- aggregate demand management. --- balance-of-payments crises. --- bank debt. --- collective fiscal stance. --- countercyclical fiscal policies. --- currency union. --- debt writedowns. --- debt. --- economic challenges. --- economic decline. --- economic suffering. --- euro. --- eurozone countries. --- eurozone economy. --- eurozone policymakers. --- eurozone. --- exchange rates. --- financial aid. --- financial fragmentation. --- financial markets. --- financial transfers. --- global financial crisis. --- individual currencies. --- investments. --- labour. --- monetary union. --- mutualised debt issuance. --- national autonomy. --- national governments. --- policy. --- political ill will. --- productivity. --- recession. --- rescue fund. --- restructuring. --- single currency. --- single interest rate. --- sovereign debt crisis. --- sovereign debt restructuring. --- sovereign debt. --- sovereign restructuring. --- trade. --- uncertainty. --- unity.