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"Essences have been assigned important but controversial explanatory roles in philosophical, scientific, and social theorizing. Is it possible for the same organism to be first a caterpillar and then a butterfly? Is it impossible for a human being to transform into an insect like Gregor Samsa does in Kafka's The Metamorphosis? Is it impossible for Lot's wife to survive being turned into a pillar of salt? Traditionally, essences (or natures) have been thought to help answer such central questions about existence, identity, persistence, and modality. These questions are not only of great philosophical interest, they also are of great interest to society at large. This Handbook surveys the state of the art on essence. Core issues about essence are discussed in 33 chapters, all of them written exclusively for this volume by leading experts. They are organized into the following four major parts, each with its own introduction that provides a summary and comparison of the part's chapters: History Essence and Essentialisms: Themes and Variations Applications Anti-Essentialist Challenges. The volume is accessible enough for students while also providing enough details to make it a valuable reference for researchers. While the notion of essence has been targeted for sustained criticisms since antiquity, recent work has renewed interest in the topic. The Handbook explains and synthesizes much of this current interest, placing essence within its historical context and drawing connections to many contemporary areas of philosophy as well as to scholarly work in other disciplines. With cross-references in each chapter and a comprehensive index, The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy is a useful resource and essential reading for anyone, whether in or out of academic philosophy, seeking clarification on one of philosophy's most distinctive and notorious notions"--

Essentialism (Philosophy) --- Essence (philosophie)

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Essentialism (Philosophy) --- Paradox --- Essence (Philosophie) --- Paradoxe

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Existentialism --- Essentialism (Philosophy) --- Existentialisme --- Essence (Philosophie)

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Individu (métaphysique) --- Métaphysique --- Ontologie --- Essence (philosophie) --- Existence (philosophie) --- Essence (philosophie) --- Existence (philosophie)

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Les Theoremata de esse et essentia (ca 1278-1285), qui, en dépit d'une édition critique déjà ancienne (Hocedez, 1930), n'avaient pas encore été traduits intégralement en français à ce jour, apparaissent comme l'oeuvre majeure pour bien saisir la genèse doctrinale et conceptuelle de la théorie de la distinction réelle. Peu de temps avant les Questions disputées sur l'être et l'essence (1286-1287), qui sont au coeur du débat entre Gilles de Rome (ca 1245-1316), partisan d'une distinction réelle entre l'être et l'essence, et Henri de Gand (ca 1217-1293), promoteur d'une théorie de la distinction "intentionnelle", les Théorèmes apparaissent comme un essai de synthèse, dans lequel le maître augustin donne un exposé d'ensemble des arguments qui le conduisent à faire de l'être une res ("chose" au sens de "réalité") à part entière. Dans ces conditions, les disciples de Thomas d'Aquin (ca 1224-1274) n'ont pas manqué de voir, en Gilles, l'un des partisans d'une thèse qu'ils revendiquaient comme un héritage de l'Aquinate. Les Théorèmes révèlent cependant une pensée incontestablement personnelle, et manifestent le caractère résolument original de Gilles de Rome, métaphysicien incontournable du XIIIe siècle finissant.

Ontology --- Ontologie --- Ontology - Early works to 1800 --- Essence (philosophie)