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In this thesis, the author describes the total synthesis of natural product Maoecrystal V in detail. In the first part of the thesis, the author introduces the research background and reviews the research progress in total synthesis of Maoecrystal V. In the second part, the author develops a novel and concise approach for the stereoselective construction of the tetracyclic model system of Maoecrystal V. The model system is accomplished in 8 steps with 20% yield. In the third part, the author describes the first successful total synthesis of Maoecrystal V and investigates four strategies for constructing the key tetrahydrofuran oxa-bridge skeleton. The total synthesis starts from a known compound and is accomplished in 17 steps with 1.2% yield. The successful total synthesis of Maoecrystal V will contribute to the development of efficient synthetic strategies for natural products and other compounds with complex structures.

Chimie. --- Diterpenes -- Synthesis. --- Diterpenes. --- SCIENCE / Chemistry / Organic. --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biochemistry --- Diterpenes --- Synthesis. --- Diterpenoids --- Chemistry. --- Organic chemistry. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Catalysis. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Terpenes --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Biochemistry. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Organic chemistry --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Composition --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry

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Diterpenes. --- Organic compounds. --- Botanical chemistry. --- Plant chemotaxonomy. --- Chemical plant taxonomy --- Botanical chemistry --- Chemotaxonomy --- Plants --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Compounds, Organic --- Organic chemicals --- Carbon compounds --- Diterpenoids --- Terpenes --- Classification

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Animal biochemistry --- Zoohistology. Zoocytology --- Vitamin A --- Retinoids --- Cell interaction --- Metabolism --- Congresses --- Physiological effect --- 577.161.1 --- Vitamin A group --- 577.161.1 Vitamin A group --- Retinol --- Carotenes --- Vitamins, Fat-soluble --- Beta carotene --- Retinal (Visual pigment) --- Vitamin A analogs --- Vitamin A congeners --- Vitamin A derivatives --- Carotenoids --- Diterpenes --- Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein --- Metabolism&delete& --- Physiological effect&delete& --- Vitamin A - Metabolism - Congresses --- Vitamin A - Physiological effect - Congresses --- Retinoids - Congresses --- Cell interaction - Congresses --- Vitamin A physiological effects --- Retinoid-binding proteins --- Retinoids metabolism

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Christopher Redfern brings together in Retinoid Protocols a comprehensive collection of key biochemical and molecular methods for retinoid research. These easily reproducible techniques range from methods of handling and analyzing retinoids to advanced protocols for gene targeting, from binding protein function in transgenic animals to the study of nuclear retinoid receptors. In addition, the book makes accessible to all retinoid researchers such advanced techniques as cloning via RT-PCR, fluorimetry methods, recombinant protein purification and characterization, the use of antisense oligonucleotides to study the role of CRABPs, immunological and in situ hybridization methods, photoaffinity labeling, gel-shift analysis, and differential display. Many of the chapters in Retinoid Protocols represent landmarks in retinoid methodology because they give step-by-step instructions for techniques central to understanding cellular control by retinoids. These indispensable techniques will be fundamental for all those working with retinoids, and so will play a key role in the development of new drugs and therapies for treating human disease.

Retinoids --- Laboratory manuals --- Analysis --- Genetic Techniques --- Receptors, Retinoic Acid --- Investigative Techniques --- Carotenoids --- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear --- Transcription Factors --- Proteins --- Polyenes --- Pigments, Biological --- Terpenes --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- DNA-Binding Proteins --- Cyclohexenes --- Biological Factors --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Alkenes --- Cyclohexanes --- Hydrocarbons --- Organic Chemicals --- Hydrocarbons, Acyclic --- Cycloparaffins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic --- Hydrocarbons, Cyclic --- Laboratory manuals. --- Vitamin A analogs --- Vitamin A congeners --- Vitamin A derivatives --- Diterpenes --- Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein --- Cytology. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Retinoids - Laboratory manuals --- Retinoids - Analysis - Laboratory manuals

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The role of vitamin A in living organisms has been known throughout human history. In the last 100 years, the biochemical nature of vitamin A and its active derivative, retinoic acid, its physiological impact on growth processes, and the essential details of its mechanism of action have been revealed by investigations carried out by researchers using vertebrate and more recently invertebrate models to study a multiplicity of processes and conditions, encompassing embryogenesis, postnatal development to old age. A wealth of intercellular interactions, intracellular signaling systems, and molecular mechanisms have been described and the overall conclusion is that retinoic acid is essential for life. This book series, with chapters authored by experts in every aspect of this complex field, unifies the knowledge base and mechanisms currently known in detailed, engaging, well-illustrated, focused chapters that synthesize information for each specific area. In view of the recent information explosion in this field, it is timely to publish a contemporary, comprehensive, book series recapitulating the most exciting developments in the field and covering fundamental research in molecular mechanisms of vitamin A action, its role in physiology, development, and continued well-being, and the potential of vitamin A derivatives and synthetic mimetics to serve as therapeutic treatments for cancers and other debilitating human diseases. Volume II is divided into nine chapters contributed by prominent experts in their respective fields. Each chapter starts with the history of the area of research. Then, the key findings that contributed to development of the field are described, followed by a detailed look at key findings and progress that are being made in current, ongoing research. Each chapter is concluded with a discussion of the relevance of the research and a perspective on missing pieces and lingering gaps that the author recommends will be important in defining future directions in vitamin A research.

Medicine. --- Gene expression. --- Nutrition. --- Biochemistry. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Proteins. --- Systems biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Gene Expression. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Protein Science. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Systems Biology. --- Retinoids. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Vitamin A analogs --- Vitamin A congeners --- Vitamin A derivatives --- Composition --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Carotenoids --- Diterpenes --- Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein --- Biological models. --- Models, Biological --- Alimentation --- Food --- Nutrition --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Health aspects --- Expression --- Proteins . --- Nutrition   . --- Computational biology --- Bioinformatics --- Biological systems --- Molecular biology --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics