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Combining nightlight data as a proxy for economic activity with remote sensing data typically used for natural hazard modeling, this paper constructs novel damage indices at the district level for Indonesia, for different disaster events such as floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the 2004 Christmas Tsunami. Ex ante, prior to the incidence of a disaster, district-level damage indices could be used to determine the size of the annual fiscal transfers from the central government to the subnational governments. Ex post, or after the incidence of a natural disaster, damage indices are useful for quickly assessing and estimating the damages caused and are especially useful for central and local governments, emergency services, and aid workers so that they can respond efficiently and deploy resources where they are most needed.

Damage Index --- Earthquakes --- Floods --- Natural Disasters --- Natural Hazard Model --- Remotely Sensed Data --- Volcanic Eruptions

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In this era of technological progress and given the need for welfare and safety, everything that is manufactured and maintained must comply with such needs. We would all like to live in a safe house that will not collapse on us. We would all like to walk on a safe road and never see a chasm open in front of us. We would all like to cross a bridge and reach the other side safely. We all would like to feel safe and secure when taking a plane, ship, train, or using any equipment. All this may be possible with the adoption of adequate manufacturing processes, with non-destructive inspection of final parts and monitoring during the in-service life of components. Above all, maintenance should be imperative. This requires effective non-destructive testing techniques and procedures. This Special Issue is a collection of some of the latest research in these areas, aiming to highlight new ideas and ways to deal with challenging issues worldwide. Different types of materials and structures are considered, different non-destructive testing techniques are employed with new approaches for data treatment proposed as well as numerical simulations. This can serve as food for thought for the community involved in the inspection of materials and structures as well as condition monitoring.

History of engineering & technology --- reinforce concrete --- rebar --- defect --- self-magnetic behavior --- magnetic flux density --- probability paper method --- Passive Magnetic Inspection (PMI) --- aluminum alloy wheel --- X-ray --- nondestructive testing --- defect detection --- adaptive threshold --- morphological reconstruction --- non-destructive inspection --- laser ultrasonic imaging --- Lamb wave --- delamination --- composite laminate --- frescoed surfaces --- non-destructive test --- plaster detachment --- impact hammer test --- historical masonry building --- thick multilayer composites --- discrete defects --- ultrasonic pulse echo --- nondestructive testing (NDT) --- recurrence plot (RP) --- recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) --- statistical results --- chaotic behavior --- phased array ultrasonic --- composites --- signal sensitivity --- diffuse ultrasonic waves --- cross-ply fiber reinforced composite --- defect localization --- non-destructive tests --- damage assessment --- residual properties --- Finite Element Method --- Damage Index --- non-destructive damage detection --- steel wire ropes --- review --- electromagnetic detection --- optical detection --- ultrasonic guided wave --- basalt fibers --- polyamide --- polypropylene --- impact damage --- lock-in thermography --- ultrasonic testing --- debonding --- composite damage --- electromechanical impedance --- piezoelectric --- FEM simulation --- non-destructive testing evaluation --- infrared thermography testing --- image enhancement --- n/a

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In dealing with fracture and fatigue assessments of structural components, different approaches have been proposed in the literature. They are usually divided into three subgroups according to stress-based, strain-based, and energy-based criteria. Typical applications include both linear elastic and elastoplastic materials and plain and notched or cracked components under both static and fatigue loadings. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an update to the state-of-the-art on these approaches. The topics addressed in this Special Issue are applications from nano- to full-scale complex and real structures and recent advanced criteria for fracture and fatigue predictions under complex loading conditions, such as multiaxial constant and variable amplitude fatigue loadings.

History of engineering & technology --- fatigue life prediction --- dissipated energy --- thermo-graphic technique --- thermal evolution --- peridynamics --- composite --- ordinary state-based --- double cantilever composite beam (DCB) --- delamination --- control volume concept --- critical plane approach --- fatigue life assessment --- severely notched specimens --- strain energy density --- monitoring of fatigue crack --- damage index --- ultrasonic guided waves --- sensor network --- structural health monitoring --- thermal fatigue --- thermal barrier coat --- master–slave model --- life prediction --- nozzle guide vane --- microcracks --- multiple fatigue crack --- crack coalescence --- concrete beams --- damage evolution --- multiscale --- fatigue damage evolution --- ABAQUS subroutine --- 3D reconstruction --- MCT scanning --- fatigue life --- cleat filler --- broken coal seam --- wellbore stability --- analytical model --- affecting factors --- fatigue crack --- welded bogie frame --- wheel polygon --- rail corrugation --- running speed --- finite fracture mechanics --- nanoscale --- silicon --- brittle --- notch --- fracture --- nanodevice --- life assessment --- crack initiation --- crack propagation --- finite element method --- scroll compressor --- fatigue --- crack --- metal --- structure --- welded joint --- FEM

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Plant essential oils (PEOs) are hydrophobic liquids that contain volatile chemical components that are derived from various plant parts. They are among the most important plant natural products because of their diverse biological features as well as their therapeutic and nutritional applications. In addition, several aromatic PEOs are used to flavor food and add aromas to incense in the culinary sector. Recently, many PEOs have demonstrated promising antimicrobial activity against different post-harvest diseases and have been considered as possible natural alternatives for chemical treatments. This Special Issue titled “Plant Essential Oil with Biological Activity” provided an overview of several elements of PEOs, including their biological applications, antimicrobial activities, bio-pharmaceutical properties, principal single constituents, and mechanisms of action. This Special Issues fills in knowledge gaps and aids in the advancement of EO applications around the world. This issue contains thirteen research articles and two review papers that address a wide range of topics and applications relevant to the bioactivity of PEOs.

allelopathy --- bioherbicides --- volatile oils --- terpenes --- aromatic plants --- Curcuma longa --- essential oil --- extraction methods --- chemical composition --- agri-food industry --- antimicrobial --- herbicidal --- antioxidant --- horseweed --- wavy-leaf fleabane --- sesquiterpenes --- cytotoxicity --- anti-senility --- tomato --- eco-friendly product --- essential oils --- quality preservation --- antioxidants --- damage index --- phytotoxicity --- environmental factors --- Cleome genus --- anti-inflammation --- Oncosiphon suffruticosum --- antibacterial --- tyrosinase inhibition --- sun protection factor --- medicinal plants --- GC-MS --- postharvest diseases --- biological control --- cell membrane permeability --- pale smartweed --- green chemistry --- herbicides --- Jungia rugosa --- Jungia bullata --- Jungia jelskii --- Jungia malvifolia --- Asteraceae --- enantiomers --- Ecuador --- Pulicaria crispa --- chemometric analysis --- chemotype --- Aerva javanica --- sandy soil --- hydrodistillation --- antioxidant activity --- seasonal variation --- angustione --- trichomes --- fruit storage --- natural products --- quality-related attributes --- volatiles --- Anisosciadium lanatum --- HepG2 --- BCL-2 --- CASPASE-3 --- apoptotic markers --- WRKY transcription factor --- Fusarium root rot --- Mentha spicata --- Mentha longifolia GC–MS --- antioxidant enzymes --- antifungal activity --- Annona cherimola --- enantioselective analysis --- antibacterial activity --- anticholinesterase activity --- germacrene D --- Campylobacter jejuni --- antimicrobial activity --- phytopathogens --- food preservatives

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In this era of technological progress and given the need for welfare and safety, everything that is manufactured and maintained must comply with such needs. We would all like to live in a safe house that will not collapse on us. We would all like to walk on a safe road and never see a chasm open in front of us. We would all like to cross a bridge and reach the other side safely. We all would like to feel safe and secure when taking a plane, ship, train, or using any equipment. All this may be possible with the adoption of adequate manufacturing processes, with non-destructive inspection of final parts and monitoring during the in-service life of components. Above all, maintenance should be imperative. This requires effective non-destructive testing techniques and procedures. This Special Issue is a collection of some of the latest research in these areas, aiming to highlight new ideas and ways to deal with challenging issues worldwide. Different types of materials and structures are considered, different non-destructive testing techniques are employed with new approaches for data treatment proposed as well as numerical simulations. This can serve as food for thought for the community involved in the inspection of materials and structures as well as condition monitoring.

reinforce concrete --- rebar --- defect --- self-magnetic behavior --- magnetic flux density --- probability paper method --- Passive Magnetic Inspection (PMI) --- aluminum alloy wheel --- X-ray --- nondestructive testing --- defect detection --- adaptive threshold --- morphological reconstruction --- non-destructive inspection --- laser ultrasonic imaging --- Lamb wave --- delamination --- composite laminate --- frescoed surfaces --- non-destructive test --- plaster detachment --- impact hammer test --- historical masonry building --- thick multilayer composites --- discrete defects --- ultrasonic pulse echo --- nondestructive testing (NDT) --- recurrence plot (RP) --- recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) --- statistical results --- chaotic behavior --- phased array ultrasonic --- composites --- signal sensitivity --- diffuse ultrasonic waves --- cross-ply fiber reinforced composite --- defect localization --- non-destructive tests --- damage assessment --- residual properties --- Finite Element Method --- Damage Index --- non-destructive damage detection --- steel wire ropes --- review --- electromagnetic detection --- optical detection --- ultrasonic guided wave --- basalt fibers --- polyamide --- polypropylene --- impact damage --- lock-in thermography --- ultrasonic testing --- debonding --- composite damage --- electromechanical impedance --- piezoelectric --- FEM simulation --- non-destructive testing evaluation --- infrared thermography testing --- image enhancement --- n/a