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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical microbiology & virology --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- Clostridium difficile --- Clostridioides difficile --- Resistance --- multidrug --- antibiotics --- antimicrobial --- Therapeutics --- Clostridium difficile --- Clostridioides difficile --- Resistance --- multidrug --- antibiotics --- antimicrobial --- Therapeutics

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This book collects multidisciplinary research articles focused on Clostridioides difficile infection. The contributions collected here shed some light on grey areas of our knowledge of Clostridioides difficile, including regional Clostridioides difficile phenotypic and genotypic patterns, the Clostridioides difficile infection clinical course and the mortality rate in different settings and patient case-mix, the levels of Clostridioides difficile toxins in patients' sera, and novel, promising therapeutic approaches. This collection serves as a valuable reservoir of knowledge for scientists and researchers in the field of infectious diseases.

Clostridioides difficile infection --- co–morbidities --- mortality --- malignancy --- outcome --- risk factors --- C. difficile infection --- molecular analysis --- toxin production --- antibiotic resistance --- microbiome --- C. difficile --- hamsters --- bovine immunoglobulins --- 16S rRNA --- next generation sequencing --- Clostridioides difficile --- Charlson comorbidity index --- Child–Pugh score --- Clostridioides difficile associated disease --- CDI --- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease --- NAFLD --- NASH --- recurrent disease --- antibacterial --- Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile --- peptidomimetic --- triazole --- baicalin --- gut dysbiosis --- mouse model --- spores --- anti-spore --- spore germination --- nanomaterial --- teicoplanin --- spore --- antibiotics --- multi-step algorithm --- multiplex “real-time” PCR --- PCR capillary-based electrophoresis ribotyping --- Clostridium difficile --- TcdA --- TcdB --- toxin --- toxemia --- plasma --- method --- quantification --- CDI severity --- n/a --- co-morbidities --- Child-Pugh score --- multiplex "real-time" PCR

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Air pollution, due to natural and anthropogenic sources, incurs enormous environmental costs. The issue of healthy living spaces and good air quality is a global concern, because each individual inhales 15,000 L of air every 24 h. Thus, contemporary monitoring and reducing exposure to air pollutants presents a particular challenge. One of the crucial indicators of indoor and outdoor air quality is bioaerosols. They play an instrumental role as risk factors when it comes to adverse health outcome. These indicators, also known as primary biological airborne particles (PBAPs), have been linked to various health effects such as infectious diseases, toxic effects, allergies, and even cancer. PBAPs include all particles with a biological source in suspension in the air (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and pollen), as well as biomolecules (toxins, and debris from membranes). To foster our current scientific knowledge on bioaerosols, research related to the characteristics of biological aerosols in indoor and outdoor environments, the methods used to improve air quality, as well as the health effects of and exposure assessments to bioaerosols, have been collected in this book.

radiant catalytic ionization --- Enterococcus spp. --- Clostridioides difficile --- Staphylococcus aureus --- MRSA --- indoor air --- microbiological indoor air quality (MIAQ) --- bacterial aerosol (BA) --- size distribution --- gymnastic hall --- multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) --- indoor microclimate --- decentralized façade ventilation --- air quality --- indoor air quality --- microbiological contamination --- heterotrophic bacteria --- antimicrobial resistance --- mannitol-positive staphylococci --- fungi --- biological air pollutants --- fungal aerosol --- air cleaner --- life cycle assessment --- n/a --- decentralized façade ventilation

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Epidemics. --- Nosocomial infections --- DNA, Bacterial. --- Clostridium difficile. --- Clostridium Infections. --- Microbial interactions --- Gastrointestinal Microbiome. --- Carrier State. --- Disease Outbreaks. --- Cross Infection --- Food Contamination. --- ADN bactérien --- Clostridium difficile --- Infections à Clostridium --- Flore intestinale --- Épidémies --- Infections nosocomiales --- Aliments --- microbiology. --- Contamination --- Microbial Interactions. --- Contamination. --- ADN bactérien. --- Infections à Clostridium. --- Flore intestinale. --- Épidémies. --- Infections nosocomiales. --- Clostridioides difficile. --- Gastrointestinal Microbiome --- Disease Outbreaks --- Food Contamination --- ADN bactérien. --- Infections à Clostridium. --- Épidémies.

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In recent years, peptides have received increased interest from the pharmaceutical industry. The high potency, specificity, and safety profile are the main strengths of bioactive peptides as new and promising therapies that may fill the gap between small molecules and protein drugs. These positive attributes have renewed interest in the discovery, optimization, and development of peptides as pharmacological therapy. Among bioactive peptides, those released from food sources have acquired importance as nutraceutical and active components in functional foods because they possess regulatory functions that can lead to health benefits. This Special Issue covers a selection of recent research papers and reviews in the field of bioactive peptides. It covers all aspects of peptide research in relation to health promotion. In particular, it emphasizes current knowledge and research trends concerning bioactive peptides, including identification and quantification of peptides from new sources, methods for their production and purification, structure–function relationships, mechanisms of action, in vitro and in vivo assays for the evaluation of their bioactivity, physiological evidence to support health benefits, and peptide stability and bioavailability. Papers regarding the development of new drugs, functional foods, or nutraceuticals based on bioactive peptides were also considered.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- antihypertensive peptides --- functional food --- food-derived --- fermentation --- Chlorella sorokiniana --- in silico --- BIOPEP-UWM database --- proteomics --- bioactive peptides --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC–nanoESI MS/MS) --- apolipoprotein E --- amyloid fibrils --- Alzheimer’s disease --- Αβ oligomer --- amyloid --- Aβ peptide --- glioma --- platelets --- antiproliferative assay --- conjugation --- docetaxel --- doxorubicin --- extra domain B --- fibronectin --- Fmoc/tBu --- peptide–drug conjugate --- prostate cancer --- solid-phase synthesis --- targeting --- acrylamide --- enteric nervous system --- galanin --- pig --- stomach --- formyl peptide receptors --- ligands --- diseases --- polymicrobial biofilms --- intragenic antimicrobial peptide --- Hs02 --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Staphylococcus aureus --- osteostatin --- arthritis --- inflammation --- immune response --- cartilage destruction --- bone erosion --- collagen --- hydrolysis --- enzyme --- molecular weight --- sheepskin --- NF-κB --- dry-cured pork ham --- angiotensin I converting enzyme --- endothelial dysfunction --- molecular blind docking --- Lactoferricin B (Lfcin B) --- Histatin-5 --- antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) --- antifungal activity --- proteome microarray --- synergy --- temporin --- MRSA --- antimicrobial peptide --- human keratinocytes --- pseudin-2 --- antisepsis, peptide antibiotics --- neurotensin --- asthma --- T cells --- In situ tetramer staining --- MHC tetramer --- antigen-specific --- confocal microscopy --- fresh tissue --- velvet antler --- alcalase hydrolysate --- antioxidant peptide --- protection ability --- oxidative stress --- Crassostrea angulata --- pidotimod --- CXCR3 --- monocyte --- migration --- PI3K/Akt pathway --- T cell --- immunomodulant --- host defense peptides --- membrane activity --- copper --- piscidins --- Clostridioides difficile --- prolactin-releasing peptide --- GPR10 --- RF-amide peptides --- food intake regulation --- energy expenditure --- neuroprotection --- signaling --- gender differences --- dyslipidemia --- obesity --- hyperglycemia --- pulmonary emphysema --- endothelial progenitor cells --- angiogenic precursor cells --- pegylated glucagon-like peptide 1 --- and endothelial regeneration --- miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) --- swim bladder --- FPYLRH --- antioxidant activity --- cytoprotective effect --- antimicrobial peptides --- antimicrobial resistance --- AMP identification and design --- biosynthesis --- mode of action --- physico-chemical properties --- therapeutic potential --- insects --- Cecropins --- Cec-analogs --- MDR infectious diseases --- airway inflammation --- non-atopic asthma --- hybrid peptide --- pro-inflammatory cytokines --- sPLA2 --- MDA --- database --- proteolysis --- SMILES code --- foods --- nutrition --- chronic diseases --- nutraceuticals --- peptide vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- humanized mouse --- cancer antigen --- immune suppression --- vasoactive intestinal peptide --- VPAC1 receptor --- VPAC2 receptor --- rheumatic diseases --- inflammatory bowel disease --- central nervous system diseases --- type 1 diabetes --- Sjögren’s syndrome --- biomarkers --- human antimicrobial peptides --- defensins --- cathelicidins --- anti-inflammatory --- pro-inflammatory --- peptide --- combinatorial library --- library design --- screening --- mutagenesis --- prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) --- hydroxyprolyl-glycine (Hyp-Gly) --- collagen peptide --- fibroblasts --- fetal bovine serum (FBS) --- AMD --- CNV --- VEGFR1 --- multimeric peptides --- oral delivery --- colorectal cancer --- cancer stem cells --- chemoprevention --- bioactive peptide --- lunasin --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- whey peptides --- molecular docking --- hypertension --- antibiotic resistance --- cystic fibrosis --- cryptides --- anti-biofilm peptides --- synergistic effects --- n/a --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-nanoESI MS/MS) --- Alzheimer's disease --- peptide-drug conjugate --- Sjögren's syndrome