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Numismatics, Medieval -- Spain -- Castile --- Money -- Spain -- Castile --- Castile (Spain) -- History -- Henry III, 1390-1406

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This work deals with the reign of Pedro I of Castile (1350-1369), known as "The Cruel," one of the most notorious and misunderstood figures in the annals of peninsular history. This is the first book on the subject that analyzes Pedro's rule in light of social, political, diplomatic, and economic conditions in mid-14th century Castile. Using extant primary documentation from archival sources and the most recent findings of scholars from various fields, the book explores in detail the historical basis for Pedro's reputation and the extent to which this reputation unfairly rests on the testimony of Pero López de Ayala, the reign's principal chronicler. The book provides fresh insights into various aspects of Pedro's career, such as his political aims, relations with religious minorities, and fiscal policies.

Castille (Espagne) --- Kings and rulers. --- Pedro --- Pierre --- 1350-1369. --- Castile (Spain) --- Spain --- History --- Kings and rulers --- Biography --- Pedro I --- Peter I, 1350-1369 --- Pedro - I, - King of Castile and Leon, - 1334-1369. --- Castile (Spain) - History - Peter I, 1350-1369. --- Castile (Spain) - Kings and rulers - Biography. --- Czars (Kings and rulers) --- Kings and rulers, Primitive --- Monarchs --- Royalty --- Rulers --- Sovereigns --- Tsars --- Tzars --- Heads of state --- Queens --- Pedro - I, - King of Castile and Leon, - 1334-1369 --- Castile (Spain) - History - Peter I, 1350-1369 --- Castile (Spain) - Kings and rulers - Biography

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Núñez de Villaizán, Juan, --- Castile (Spain) --- History --- Historiography --- Nunez de Villaizan, Juan --- -Castile --- Castilla (Spain) --- -Nunez de Villaizan, Juan --- -History --- -Núñez de Villaizán, Juan, --- -Núñez de Villaizán, Juan, - active 14th century - Crónica de D Alfonso el Onceno --- Castile (Spain) - History - Alfonso XI, 1312-1350 - Historiography --- -History -

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Starting in the nineteenth century the scholarly consensus has been to attribute the decline of the Spanish empire to structural rigidity, corrupt bureaucracy and repressive policies. In The Empire of the Cities , Aurelio Espinosa challenges these theories and offers groundbreaking insight into Spain’s political process and emphasizes early modern state formation. Spain’s empire should no longer be viewed simply as a symbol of royal absolutism and dominance. Rather it functioned as a collection of autonomous municipalities interconnected by a parliament that articulated domestic programs and foreign policy. Professor Espinosa also provides a more nuanced understanding of the monarchical government in revealing new insight into royal institutions and management procedures under Emperor Charles V. The Empire of the Cities offers a fascinating and penetrating look inside Spain’s political system that encouraged both expansionism and domestic stability.

Comuneros-Aufstand --- Karl (Römisch-Deutsches Reich, Kaiser, V.) --- Charles --- Karel --- Carolus --- Charles-Quint --- Karl --- Keizer Karel --- Carlos --- Castile (Spain) --- Spain --- History --- Charles - V, - Holy Roman Emperor, - 1500-1558. --- Castile (Spain) - History - Uprising, 1520-1521 --- Spain - History - Charles I, 1516-1556.

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La rédaction de l’Histoire est une prise de position autant qu’une satisfaction personnelle pour les écrivains des xive et xve siècles qui voient dans un livre dédié au souverain une occasion de lui donner des leçons de gouvernement. Cela se vérifie en Castille aussi bien que dans les autres États de l’Occident, dans des décennies de profonds troubles politiques. Les historiographes y possèdent une solide culture humaniste, ils savent et aiment écrire, et ils sont tous engagés dans la vie politique. L’histoire de leur Castille, les chroniques des rois, les traités, les portraits des hommes illustres qui ont marqué les générations écoulées, tous ces textes sont des messages envoyés à leurs lecteurs, qui ont la charge du royaume ou qui prétendent participer au gouvernement. Pero López de Ayala, Fernán Pérez de Guzmán, Diego de Valera, Pedro Carrillo de Huete, Alfonso de Palencia, Hernando del Pulgar se penchent tour à tour, à la demande de la cour ou de leur pleine initiative, sur le déroulement des règnes qu’ils connaissent, auxquels ils participent, contre lesquels ils ont souvent des reproches à formuler et pour lesquels ils se donnent volontiers le rôle de censeurs. Cette élaboration de l’Histoire peut être suivie dans le présent ouvrage ; l’histoire de la Castille devient un message politique, avec des arguments, des exemples choisis et toujours des réflexions devant servir aux générations futures. La redacción de la Historia consiste tanto en una actitud como en una satisfacción personal para los escritores de los siglos xiv y xv, que consideran un libro dedicado al soberano como una ocasión para darle lecciones de gobierno. Para Pero López de Ayala, Fernán Pérez de Guzmán, Diego de Valera, Alfonso de Palencia o Hernando del Pulgar, la historia de Castilla se convierte en mensaje político, con argumentos, ejemplos escogidos y reflexiones para las generaciones futuras.

Spanish literature --- Kings and rulers in literature. --- Littérature espagnole --- Rois et souverains dans la littérature --- Themes, motives. --- Thèmes, motifs --- Castile (Spain) --- Castille (Espagne) --- Historiography --- History. --- Historiographie --- Histoire --- Kings and rulers in literature --- Themes, motives --- History --- Littérature espagnole --- Rois et souverains dans la littérature --- Thèmes, motifs --- Spanish literature - Themes, motives --- Castile (Spain) - Historiography --- Castile (Spain) - History --- Monarchy --- Historia europea. --- Monarquía. --- Spain --- España. --- historiographie --- Castille --- Espagne --- Moyen Âge --- roi --- souverain --- Chroniques espagnoles