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This new volume of the book series Epigenetics and Human Health is dedicated to microRNAs (miRNAS), regulatory non-coding RNAs that have important roles in the control of gene expression both at posttranscriptional and transcriptional levels. Endogenous miRNAs regulate gene expression patterns in a sequence-specific manner. These short sequences may serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of complex diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurocognitive disorders, respiratory diseases and pathogenic infections. Moreover, miRNAs hold promise to be used as extensive diagnostic and prognostic markers of disease. miRNAs, Human Health and Disease is an essential reading for graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, and academics interested in the latest developments on non-coding RNA-mediated pathways associated with health and disease.

Epigenetics. --- Genetics. --- Molecular genetics. --- Cancer --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Molecular Genetics. --- Cancer Genetics and Genomics. --- Genetic aspects.

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Genetics have a role in the presence of breast cancer, while the potential role of the immune system leads to consideration of immunotherapy in the treatment of the disease, particularly in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. The sixth volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, entitled “Breast Cancer Genetics, Immunology, and Immunotherapy: An Interdisciplinary Approach” publishes comprehensive volumes on immune and genetic mechanisms of breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The role of molecular genetics, interleukins, chemokine receptor, and tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes-TILS in breast cancer are explained. Targeting myeloid determinants, SiRNA loaded in drug delivery nanosystems, nucleic acid and drug dual agent nanoplatforms, and oncolytic virotherapy are also discussed in the treatment of breast cancer, particularly in multidrug resistant and metastatic breast cancer. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on immunology, genetics, and practitioners working on oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to researchers, oncologists, geneticists, and immunologists who wish to extend their knowledge on breast cancer.

Cancer. --- Cancer --- Oncology. --- Tumors --- Immunotherapy. --- Cancer Biology. --- Cancer Therapy. --- Cancer Genetics and Genomics. --- Tumour Immunology. --- Treatment. --- Genetic aspects. --- Immunological aspects.

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Advances in cancer genomics are transforming our understanding of cancer, and have profound implications for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Evolutionary dynamics suggests that as few as two mutations can cause transformation of normal cells into cancer stem cells. A process of Darwinian selection, involving a further three or more mutations, taking place over a period of years, can then result in progression to a life-threatening tumour. In many cases the immune response can recognise and eliminate the mutant cells, but most advanced tumours have mutations that activate immune checkpoints and enable the tumour to hide from the immune system. For the most hard-to-treat tumours, future progress will require molecular diagnostics to detect cancer-causing mutations in healthy subjects, and new drugs or vaccines that prevent the progression process. Chapters of this book deal with the signalling pathways that control cell division, and changes in these pathways in cancer cells. Three cell cycle checkpoints that are often mutated in cancer are analysed in detail. A discussion of chronic myeloid leukaemia illustrates the role of reactive oxygen species in driving progression from a chronic to an acute condition. A single drug that suppresses reactive oxygen can prevent disease progression and turn an otherwise deadly disease into a condition that can be managed to enable many years of normal life. Another chapter discusses chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia, a disease that involves both genetic and epigenetic change. Tumour progression is discussed as a multi-stage process in which cancer stem cells evolve into genetically unstable, invasive, metastatic, drug-resistant growths. Each of these stages can act as targets for drugs or immunomodulators, but the future of cancer treatment lies in understanding tumour dynamics, and arresting malignancy at the earliest possible stage. Evolutionary dynamics is a primarily mathematical technique, but the target readership will be tumour biologists, clinicians, and drug developers. Computational detail is provided in an online supplement, but the main text emphasises the implications of the dynamics for an understanding of tumour biology and does not require mathematical expertise.

Cancer. --- Cancer—Animal models. --- Cancer—Treatment. --- Cancer—Genetic aspects. --- Cancer Biology. --- Cancer Models. --- Cancer Therapy. --- Cancer Genetics and Genomics. --- Cancer Microenvironment. --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Tumors

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This book provides an in-depth exploration of the biology of prostate cancer, from its cellular origins to its clinical manifestations and therapeutic options. In addition to thoroughly covering a variety of diagnostic methods, radical procedures, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and surgical techniques for prostatectomy, the book seeks to improve the understanding of the development of prostate cancer. Delving into the latest research and scientific advancements, the book starts by shedding light on the critical role of genetic susceptibility, redox signaling, apoptosis, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer development and progression. In the following section key concepts in prostate cancer diagnostics are covered. This includes the diagnostic, prognostic, and theranostic potential of miRNAs in prostate cancer; the necessity of biopsy; and the importance of histopathological and molecular markers in assessing aggressivity. It also explores recent advances in tumor markers for early detection and monitoring, as well as biological markers of therapeutic response. The book concludes by offering a wealth of knowledge on current treatment options for prostate cancer, including surgical treatments, hormone therapy for advanced cases, the use of apheresis in personalized cell-mediated treatment, pharmacogenomics and precision therapy challenges and perspectives, stereotactic radiotherapy, and treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Scientists and medical professionals interested in basic and clinical research in urology and oncology will find this book to be a useful reference. It is a helpful tool for preparing medical specialization in pathology, oncology, urology, clinical biochemistry, laboratory medicine, diagnostic radiology, oncologic radiology, and related fields of cancer research. With its integrative approach to diagnostics and focus on recent scientific breakthroughs, this book empowers readers to deepen their understanding of prostate cancer and enhance their ability to advance basic and clinical research to treat this pervasive disease.

Cancer. --- Cancer --- Cancer Biology. --- Cancer Therapy. --- Cancer Genetics and Genomics. --- Cancer Imaging. --- Treatment. --- Genetic aspects. --- Imaging. --- Prostate --- Diagnosis. --- Prostatic Neoplasms. --- Prostatectomy. --- Precision Medicine.