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Recent biochemical studies indicate that calorie restriction (CR) is a widely accepted method for anti-aging intervention. CR and intermittent fasting (IF), which involves reduced calories but proper nutritional intake during specific periods, are interventions that can consistently promote health benefits, delay biological aging, and extend both average and maximal lifespan. Furthermore, CR can modulate age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and others. Advances in omics technologies have provided a technical breakthrough that enabled the investigation of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other cellular molecules and their comprehensive interactions in a biological context. Nowadays, it is possible to analyze and integrate biological processes that occur in aging systems at the molecular level using state-of-the-art techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics. Omics technology and systems gerontology provide predictive information on CR effects, molecular mechanisms, and pathways underlying the anti-aging actions of CR and IF. This Special Issue, “The effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on health and disease”, focuses on the effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on age-related inflammation, autophagy, metabolism, longevity, mitochondrial function, and age-related diseases.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- calorie restriction diet --- body mass reduction --- insulin --- IGF-1 --- leptin --- adiponectin --- malnutrition --- heart impairment --- papillary muscle assay --- calcium transient proteins --- SERCA2a --- L-type calcium channel --- aging --- autophagy --- calorie restriction (CR) --- CR mimetic --- calorie restriction --- FoxO transcription factor --- sirtuin --- neuropeptide Y --- pleiotropy of CR genes --- senescence-associated secretory phenotype --- senoinflammation --- mimetics --- intermittent fasting --- fat mass --- insulin secretion --- pancreatic islet --- lifespan --- longevity --- fasting --- skin aging --- photoaging --- skin appendages --- caloric restriction --- fatty acid biosynthesis --- mitochondrial biogenesis --- adipocyte --- calorie restriction diet --- body mass reduction --- insulin --- IGF-1 --- leptin --- adiponectin --- malnutrition --- heart impairment --- papillary muscle assay --- calcium transient proteins --- SERCA2a --- L-type calcium channel --- aging --- autophagy --- calorie restriction (CR) --- CR mimetic --- calorie restriction --- FoxO transcription factor --- sirtuin --- neuropeptide Y --- pleiotropy of CR genes --- senescence-associated secretory phenotype --- senoinflammation --- mimetics --- intermittent fasting --- fat mass --- insulin secretion --- pancreatic islet --- lifespan --- longevity --- fasting --- skin aging --- photoaging --- skin appendages --- caloric restriction --- fatty acid biosynthesis --- mitochondrial biogenesis --- adipocyte

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Recent biochemical studies indicate that calorie restriction (CR) is a widely accepted method for anti-aging intervention. CR and intermittent fasting (IF), which involves reduced calories but proper nutritional intake during specific periods, are interventions that can consistently promote health benefits, delay biological aging, and extend both average and maximal lifespan. Furthermore, CR can modulate age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and others. Advances in omics technologies have provided a technical breakthrough that enabled the investigation of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other cellular molecules and their comprehensive interactions in a biological context. Nowadays, it is possible to analyze and integrate biological processes that occur in aging systems at the molecular level using state-of-the-art techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics. Omics technology and systems gerontology provide predictive information on CR effects, molecular mechanisms, and pathways underlying the anti-aging actions of CR and IF. This Special Issue, “The effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on health and disease”, focuses on the effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting on age-related inflammation, autophagy, metabolism, longevity, mitochondrial function, and age-related diseases.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- calorie restriction diet --- body mass reduction --- insulin --- IGF-1 --- leptin --- adiponectin --- malnutrition --- heart impairment --- papillary muscle assay --- calcium transient proteins --- SERCA2a --- L-type calcium channel --- aging --- autophagy --- calorie restriction (CR) --- CR mimetic --- calorie restriction --- FoxO transcription factor --- sirtuin --- neuropeptide Y --- pleiotropy of CR genes --- senescence-associated secretory phenotype --- senoinflammation --- mimetics --- intermittent fasting --- fat mass --- insulin secretion --- pancreatic islet --- lifespan --- longevity --- fasting --- skin aging --- photoaging --- skin appendages --- caloric restriction --- fatty acid biosynthesis --- mitochondrial biogenesis --- adipocyte --- n/a

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For many years, it has been known that when rats and mice are given a reduced amount of food, their life span is increased and they remain healthy and vigorous at advanced ages. What is the reason for this change in the usual pattern of aging? The evidence is overwhelming that the life extension results from a slowing of aging processes. And the factor responsible is the decrease in caloric intake. The obvious question: How does this factor work? A good question - and the reason that research on the anti-aging action of caloric restriction is today one of the most studied research areas in

Aging. --- Aging - Nutritional aspects. --- Aging;Nutritional aspects. --- Aging--Nutritional aspects. Low-calorie diet. --- Low-calorie diet. --- Growth and Development --- Diet Therapy --- Energy Intake --- Diet --- Physiological Processes --- Nutrition Therapy --- Caloric Restriction --- Aging --- Therapeutics --- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Physiological Phenomena --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Phenomena and Processes --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physiology --- Nutritional aspects. --- Caloric restriction --- Calorie-restricted diet --- Calorie restriction --- Diet, Low-calorie --- Reducing diets --- Nutrition

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Energy Intake --- Dietary Fats --- Exercise --- Neoplasms --- Neoplasms, Experimental --- 613.2 --- Cancer --- -Cancer --- -Carcinogenesis --- -Exercise --- -Fat --- -Low-calorie diet --- -Caloric restriction --- Calorie-restricted diet --- Calorie restriction --- Diet, Low-calorie --- Reducing diets --- Fats --- Lipids --- Adipose tissues --- Physical activity --- Warm-up --- Workouts (Exercise) --- Health --- Physical education and training --- Oncogenesis --- Pathogenesis of cancer --- Tumorigenesis --- Pathology --- Genetic toxicology --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Tumors --- physiology. --- adverse effects. --- etiology. --- chemically induced. --- Voedingsleer. Dieet --- Animal models --- -Congresses --- Nutrition aspects --- Congresses --- Physiological aspects --- Physiological effect --- Pathogenesis --- -physiology. --- Carcinogenesis --- Fat --- Low-calorie diet --- Caloric restriction --- Nutritional aspects --- adverse effects --- physiology --- chemically induced --- etiology --- Cancer - Nutrition aspects - Congresses. --- Fat - Physiological effect - Congresses. --- Exercise - Physiological aspects - Congresses. --- Low-calorie diet - Physiological aspects - Congresses. --- Carcinogenesis - Congresses. --- Cancer - Animal models - Congresses. --- CALORIC INTAKE --- DIETARY FATS --- EXERCISE --- NEOPLASMS --- NEOPLASM, EXPERIMENTAL --- PHYSIOLOGY --- ADVERSE EFFECTS --- ETIOLOGY --- CHEMICALLY INDUCED

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Plants have served mankind as an important source of foods and medicines. While we all consume plants and their products for nutritional support, a majority of the world population also rely on botanical remedies to meet their health needs, either as their own “traditional medicine” or as “complementary and alternative medicine”. From a pharmaceutical point of view, many compounds obtained from plant sources have long been known to possess bio/pharmacological activities, and historically, plants have yielded many important drugs for human use, from morphine discovered in the early nineteenth century to the more recent paclitaxel and artemisinin. Today, we are witnessing a global resurgence in interest and use of plant-based therapies and botanical products, and natural products remain an important and viable source of lead compounds in many drug discovery programs.This Special Issue on “Plant Natural Products for Human Health” compiles a series of scientific reports to demonstrate the medicinal potentials of plant natural products. It covers a range of disease targets, such as diabetes, inflammation, cancer, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, liver damage, bacterial, and fungus infection and malarial. These papers provide important insights into the current state of research on drug discovery and new techniques. It is hoped that this Special Issue will serve as a timely reference for researchers and scholars who are interested in the discovery of potentially useful molecules from plant sources for health-related applications.

PhGs --- bitter orange --- immunomodulator --- A549 cells --- bergapten --- triptolide --- BMP/Smad --- phytochemicals --- antioxidant enzymes --- kumquat --- MTT assay --- HepaRG cells --- human health --- nanoparticles --- dendritic cells --- drug discovery --- biofilm --- catechin --- antitubercular activity --- Panax notoginseng saponins --- animals --- mouse-hair growth --- A? --- curcumin --- WNT/?-catenin --- copaiba --- AD --- Plasmodium parasites --- traditional medicine --- procyanidin A2 --- PET inhibition --- rheumatoid arthritis --- cannabinoid type 1 receptor --- iridoids --- inflammatory bowel disease --- acute liver injury --- human-hair-follicle dermal papilla cells --- Neuroprotective --- dihydromyricetin --- AMPK --- thromboembolism --- ginseng --- drug design and development --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- mitogen-activated protein kinase --- Nrf2 --- prenylated flavonoids --- inflammation --- preclinical studies --- plants --- dietary supplements --- Glycyrrhiza uralensis --- aspirin --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- P. eryngii --- reperfusion --- ethnopharmacology --- glucans --- innovation --- hpatoprotection --- hinokitiol --- phytocannabinoid --- antistaphylococcal activity --- Shh/Gli --- green tea --- sesquiterpenoids --- adjuvant-induced arthritis --- yuzu --- hepatotoxicity --- p53/Bax --- Keap1 --- nuclear factor-kappaB --- oxidative stress --- pharmacokinetic study --- cinnamamides --- toxicity --- APAP --- Astragali Radix --- computational softwares --- plant natural product --- onion --- anti-malaria activity --- lipogenesis --- bleeding time --- diterpenoids --- Penthorum chinense Pursh --- myocardial hypertrophy --- automation --- adjuvant --- grapefruit --- melanoma cell --- essential oil --- sweet orange --- Amadori rearrangement compounds --- heme oxygenase --- global health --- calorie restriction --- bergamot --- liposomes --- EGCG --- celastrol --- herb–drug interactions --- cannabigerol --- anti-inflammation --- OH· free radical --- molecular targets --- gluconeogenesis --- microbiome --- SIRT1 --- fucoidan --- heart --- PC12 cells --- acetaminophen --- omics --- time-kill assay --- arthritis --- lychee seed --- bioinformatics --- structure–activity relationship --- precision medicine --- orange petitgrain --- immune modulation --- antiproliferation --- flavonoids --- scoulerine --- oleoresin --- triterpenic acids --- Cannabis sativa --- NAFLD --- biological activity --- differentiation --- oxygen consumption rate --- mitochondrial bioenergetics --- neroli --- apoptosis --- targeted delivery --- platelet activation --- protein kinase --- heat-process --- hepatic steatosis --- hyperglycemia --- natural products --- lemon --- genistein --- neuroinflammation --- astragaloside IV --- cytoxicity --- flavonoid --- paracetamol --- medicinal plants --- insulin resistance --- resveratrol --- mandarin --- garlic --- TGF-? --- morin hydrate --- sirtuin 3 --- MMPs --- gomisin N --- lime --- Ziziphus jujuba --- antifungal activity --- ischemia --- migration --- caspases --- small molecules --- PhGs --- bitter orange --- immunomodulator --- A549 cells --- bergapten --- triptolide --- BMP/Smad --- phytochemicals --- antioxidant enzymes --- kumquat --- MTT assay --- HepaRG cells --- human health --- nanoparticles --- dendritic cells --- drug discovery --- biofilm --- catechin --- antitubercular activity --- Panax notoginseng saponins --- animals --- mouse-hair growth --- A? --- curcumin --- WNT/?-catenin --- copaiba --- AD --- Plasmodium parasites --- traditional medicine --- procyanidin A2 --- PET inhibition --- rheumatoid arthritis --- cannabinoid type 1 receptor --- iridoids --- inflammatory bowel disease --- acute liver injury --- human-hair-follicle dermal papilla cells --- Neuroprotective --- dihydromyricetin --- AMPK --- thromboembolism --- ginseng --- drug design and development --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- mitogen-activated protein kinase --- Nrf2 --- prenylated flavonoids --- inflammation --- preclinical studies --- plants --- dietary supplements --- Glycyrrhiza uralensis --- aspirin --- Tripterygium wilfordii --- P. eryngii --- reperfusion --- ethnopharmacology --- glucans --- innovation --- hpatoprotection --- hinokitiol --- phytocannabinoid --- antistaphylococcal activity --- Shh/Gli --- green tea --- sesquiterpenoids --- adjuvant-induced arthritis --- yuzu --- hepatotoxicity --- p53/Bax --- Keap1 --- nuclear factor-kappaB --- oxidative stress --- pharmacokinetic study --- cinnamamides --- toxicity --- APAP --- Astragali Radix --- computational softwares --- plant natural product --- onion --- anti-malaria activity --- lipogenesis --- bleeding time --- diterpenoids --- Penthorum chinense Pursh --- myocardial hypertrophy --- automation --- adjuvant --- grapefruit --- melanoma cell --- essential oil --- sweet orange --- Amadori rearrangement compounds --- heme oxygenase --- global health --- calorie restriction --- bergamot --- liposomes --- EGCG --- celastrol --- herb–drug interactions --- cannabigerol --- anti-inflammation --- OH· free radical --- molecular targets --- gluconeogenesis --- microbiome --- SIRT1 --- fucoidan --- heart --- PC12 cells --- acetaminophen --- omics --- time-kill assay --- arthritis --- lychee seed --- bioinformatics --- structure–activity relationship --- precision medicine --- orange petitgrain --- immune modulation --- antiproliferation --- flavonoids --- scoulerine --- oleoresin --- triterpenic acids --- Cannabis sativa --- NAFLD --- biological activity --- differentiation --- oxygen consumption rate --- mitochondrial bioenergetics --- neroli --- apoptosis --- targeted delivery --- platelet activation --- protein kinase --- heat-process --- hepatic steatosis --- hyperglycemia --- natural products --- lemon --- genistein --- neuroinflammation --- astragaloside IV --- cytoxicity --- flavonoid --- paracetamol --- medicinal plants --- insulin resistance --- resveratrol --- mandarin --- garlic --- TGF-? --- morin hydrate --- sirtuin 3 --- MMPs --- gomisin N --- lime --- Ziziphus jujuba --- antifungal activity --- ischemia --- migration --- caspases --- small molecules