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Las autoridades de política económica suelen ser renuentes a otorgar independencia a los organismos que regulan y supervisan el sector financiero debido al temor de que estos organismos, con responsabilidades y poderes de amplio alcance, puedan convertirse en una fuente normativa por sí mismos. Este folleto describe los mecanismos para que los organismos reguladores rindan cuentas no solo ante el gobierno sino también ante la industria que supervisan y el público en general, con ejemplos sobre una amplia gama de países.

Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Industries: Financial Services --- Business and Financial --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial services law & regulation --- Banking --- Finance --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Financial services --- Bank supervision --- Financial sector stability --- Financial services industry --- Law and legislation --- Banks and banking --- State supervision --- Canada

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Policymakers are often reluctant to grant independence to the agencies that regulate and supervise the financial sector because of the fear that these agencies, with their wide-ranging responsibilities and powers, could become a law unto themselves. This pamphlet describes mechanisms for making regulatory agencies accountable not only to the government but also to the industry they supervise and the public at large, with examples from a range of countries.

Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Industries: Financial Services --- Business and Financial --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial services law & regulation --- Banking --- Finance --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Financial services --- Bank supervision --- Financial sector stability --- Financial services industry --- Law and legislation --- Banks and banking --- State supervision --- Canada

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The paper analyzes the quality of financial sector regulation and supervision around the globe. Unlike studies that collect and analyze data on regulation and supervision "on the books," this study also analyzes available information on supervisory implementation, making use of data from IMF-World Bank assessments of compliance with international standards and codes. Incorporating supervisory implementation into the study provides an improved means of assessing countries' regulatory systems. We find that countries' regulatory frameworks score on average one notch below full compliance with the standards (on a 4-notch scale). There are substantial differences in the quality of regulatory and supervisory frameworks across countries, with the income level being a major factor.

Banks and banking --- Financial institutions --- State supervision. --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Business and Financial --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Corporation and Securities Law --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Financial services law & regulation --- Finance --- Banking --- Financial Sector Assessment Program --- Basel Core Principles --- Securities regulation --- Personal income --- Financial services industry --- State supervision --- Nonbank financial institutions --- Law and legislation --- Income --- Belgium

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The paper considers the generic arguments for and against the creation of a unified regulatory agency, covering each of the main types of financial institutions (banks, insurers and securities firms). The strongest arguments for unification are the enhanced oversight of financial conglomerates and the economies of scale they can potentially deliver. However, there are also a number of potentially serious disadvantages to unification, especially the risk that the change process will be mismanaged and will result in a reduction in regulatory capacity. The issue requires careful deliberation and ultimately depends on a matrix of factors which vary in importance from country to country.

Banks and Banking --- Industries: Financial Services --- Business and Financial --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Regulation and Business Law: General --- Regulation and Industrial Policy: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Financial services law & regulation --- Banking --- Finance --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Bank supervision --- Financial sector --- Financial services --- Economic sectors --- Bank regulation --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry --- Law and legislation --- State supervision --- United Kingdom

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This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of securities regulatory systems worldwide with a view to a better understanding of common problems and areas of global concern. We found that a consistent theme emerges regarding the lack of ability of regulators to effectively enforce compliance with existing rules and regulation. In many countries, a combination of factors, including insufficient legal authority, a lack of resources, political will and skills, has undermined the regulator's capacity to effectively execute regulation. This weakness is more acute in areas of increased technical complexity such as standards for and supervision of the valuation of assets and risk management practices.

Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Business and Financial --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Corporation and Securities Law --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Finance --- Financial services law & regulation --- Investment & securities --- Securities regulation --- Securities markets --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Securities --- Personal income --- Nonbank financial institutions --- Law and legislation --- Capital market --- Financial services industry --- Financial instruments --- Income --- Canada --- Securities industry --- Securities. --- State supervision.