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Owing to their unique state of preservation, mummies provide us with significant historical and scientific knowledge of mankind’s past. This handbook, written by prominent international experts in mummy studies, offers readers a comprehensive guide to new understandings of the field’s most recent trends and developments. It provides invaluable information on the health states and pathologies of historic populations and civilizations, as well as their socio-cultural and religious characteristics. Addressing the developments in mummy studies that have taken place over the past two decades ­– which have been neglected for as long a time – the authors excavate the ground-breaking research that has transformed scientific and cultural knowledge of our ancient predecessors. The handbook investigates the many new biotechnological tools that are routinely applied in mummy studies, ranging from morphological inspection and endoscopy to minimally invasive radiological techniques that are used to assess states of preservation. It also looks at the paleoparasitological and pathological approaches that have been employed to reconstruct the lifestyles and pathologic conditions of ancient populations, and considers the techniques that have been applied to enhance biomedical knowledge, such as craniofacial reconstruction, chemical analysis, stable isotope analysis and ancient DNA analysis. This interdisciplinary handbook will appeal to academics in historical, anthropological, archaeological and biological sciences, and will serve as an indispensable companion to researchers and students interested in worldwide mummy studies.

Physical anthropology. --- History, Ancient. --- Animal anatomy. --- Archaeology. --- Biotechnology. --- Biological and Physical Anthropology. --- Ancient History. --- Animal Anatomy / Morphology / Histology.

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This Open Access book explains that after long periods of prehistoric research in which the importance of the archaeological as well as the natural context of rock art has been constantly underestimated, research has now begun to take this context into focus for documentation, analysis, interpretation and understanding. Human footprints are prominent among the long-time under-researched features of the context in caves with rock art. In order to compensate for this neglect an innovative research program has been established several years ago that focuses on the merging of indigenous knowledge and western archaeological science for the benefit of both sides. The book gathers first the methodological diversity in the analysis of human tracks. Here major representatives of anthropological, statistical and traditional approaches feature the multi-layered methods available for the analysis of human tracks. Second it compiles case studies from around the globe of prehistoric human tracks. For the first time, the most important sites which have been found worldwide are published in a single publication. The third focus of this book is on firsthand experiences of researchers with indigenous tracking experts from around the globe, expounding on how archaeological sciencecan benefit from the ancestral knowledge. This book will be of interest to professional archaeologists, graduate students, ecologists, cultural anthropologists and laypeople, especially those focussing on hunting-gathering and pastoralist communities and who appreciate indigenous knowledge.

Archaeology --- Anthropology --- Biological and Physical Anthropology --- Physical-Biological Anthropology --- Footprints in caves with rock art. --- Indigenous trackers from around the globe --- Open Access --- Pleistocene human footprints --- Scientific value of prehistoric human footprints --- Tracking in Caves

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This groundbreaking volume presents, for the first time in English, a broad historical review of the researches carried out over 170 years in the region of Lagoa Santa, Brazil, one of the most important archaeological regions in the Americas. From the pioneering work of the Danish naturalist Peter Lund in the 19th century to the recent research on the dispersion of early humans across South America, led by Walter A. Neves and colleagues, Lagoa Santa has offered remarkable findings, the largest collections of early human skeletons in the Americas, and has contributed to the overall discussions about the settlement of the Americas. This edited volume aims to fill the lack of publications in English about Lagoa Santa and to gather representatives of all the main Brazilian institutions directly involved in the archaeological and paleontological investigations in the region, in order to provide the international scientific community a comprehensive and complete account of the researches that contributed to rewrite the history of the peopling of the Americas. The book is organized in two parts. The first consists of chapters describing each of the interventions in the region, beginning with the pioneering work of Peter Lund and culminating with the latest intervention led by Walter A. Neves and his team. The second part of the book consists of reviews of current relevant research foci in the region, such as migrations, health, mortuary rituals, paleontology, rock art, technology, and geoarchaeology.

Social sciences. --- Paleontology. --- Physical anthropology. --- Archaeology. --- Social Sciences. --- Biological Anthropology. --- Human evolution --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Origin --- Paleontology . --- Biological and Physical Anthropology. --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Biological anthropology --- Somatology --- Anthropology --- Human biology --- Archeology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities

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Cryonics—also known as cryopreservation or cryosuspension—is the preservation of legally dead individuals at ultra-low temperatures. Those who undergo this procedure hope that future technology will not only succeed in reviving them, but also cure them of the condition that led to their demise. In this sense, some hope that cryopreservation will allow people to continue living indefinitely. This book discusses the moral concerns of cryonics, both as a medical procedure and as an intermediate step toward life extension. In particular, Minerva analyses the moral issues surrounding cryonics-related techniques (including the hypothetical cryosuspension of fetuses as an alternative to abortion) by focusing on how they might impact the individuals who undergo cryosuspension, as well as society at large. .

Cryonics. --- Cryogenic interment --- Freezing of human bodies --- Human cold storage --- Burial --- Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Immortalism --- Resuscitation --- Technology—Sociological aspects. --- Bioethics. --- Physical anthropology. --- Science and Technology Studies. --- Biological and Physical Anthropology. --- Biological anthropology --- Somatology --- Anthropology --- Human biology --- Biology --- Biomedical ethics --- Life sciences --- Life sciences ethics --- Science --- Moral and ethical aspects

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Nature Ecology and Evolution is interested in the full spectrum of ecological and evolutionary biology, encompassing approaches at the molecular, organismal, population, community and ecosystem levels, as well as relevant parts of the social sciences. Nature Ecology and Evolution will provide a place where all researchers and policymakers interested in all aspects of life’s diversity can come together to learn about the most accomplished and significant advances in the field and to discuss topical issues. An online-only monthly journal, our broad scope will ensure that the research published reaches the widest possible audience of scientists.

Ecology --- Biodiversity --- Evolution (Biology) --- Ecological and Environmental Phenomena. --- Biodiversity. --- Ecology. --- Life sciences --- Evolutionary biology --- Zoology --- Physical anthropology --- Life Sciences, general --- Evolutionary Biology --- Paleontology --- Biological and Physical Anthropology --- Biological anthropology --- Somatology --- Anthropology --- Human biology --- Biology --- Natural history --- Animals --- Animal evolution --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science