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The aim of this book is to explain economic dualism in the history of modern Europe. The emergence of the manorial-serf economy in the Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary in the 16th and the 17th centuries was the result of a cumulative impact of various circumstantial factors. The weakness of cities in Central Europe disturbed the social balance – so characteristic for Western-European societies – between burghers and the nobility. The political dominance of the nobility hampered the development of cities and limited the influence of burghers, paving the way to the rise of serfdom and manorial farms. These processes were accompanied by increased demand for agricultural products in Western Europe

History --- Brzechczyn --- cascade process --- Central --- Distinctiveness --- economic dualism --- economical backwardness --- Europe --- Historical --- manorial-serf economy --- modeling --- modern history --- Philosophy --- Study --- Europe, Central --- Philosophy. --- Economic conditions. --- Central Europe --- History.

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This collection considers how, when, and under what conditions the borders that historically defined the country of Ukraine were agreed upon. A diverse set of transnational contexts are explored, focusing mostly on the critical period of 1917-54 and revealing the shared history of territory and state formation in Europe and the wider modern world.

1900-1999 --- Ukraine --- History. --- History --- Belarus. --- Borders. --- Brest Litovsk. --- Bukovina. --- Crimea. --- Czechoslovakia. --- Donbas. --- First World War. --- Galicia. --- Hungary. --- Moldova. --- Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. --- Paris Peace Conference. --- Poland. --- Polisia. --- Riga. --- Romania. --- Russia. --- Second World War. --- Soviet Union. --- Transcarpathia. --- Transfer. --- Transnistria. --- Treaty. --- Versailles. --- Volhynia. --- backwardness. --- borderlands. --- cartography. --- civilizing mission. --- ethnic violence. --- ethnographic knowledge. --- frontiers. --- korenizatsiia. --- maps. --- maritime boundary. --- nationalities policies. --- periphery. --- population exchange. --- republics. --- territorial disputes. --- territorialization. --- war.

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The unique historical relationship between capitalism and the Jews is crucial to understanding modern European and Jewish history. But the subject has been addressed less often by mainstream historians than by anti-Semites or apologists. In this book Jerry Muller, a leading historian of capitalism, separates myth from reality to explain why the Jewish experience with capitalism has been so important and complex--and so ambivalent. Drawing on economic, social, political, and intellectual history from medieval Europe through contemporary America and Israel, Capitalism and the Jews examines the ways in which thinking about capitalism and thinking about the Jews have gone hand in hand in European thought, and why anticapitalism and anti-Semitism have frequently been linked. The book explains why Jews have tended to be disproportionately successful in capitalist societies, but also why Jews have numbered among the fiercest anticapitalists and Communists. The book shows how the ancient idea that money was unproductive led from the stigmatization of usury and the Jews to the stigmatization of finance and, ultimately, in Marxism, the stigmatization of capitalism itself. Finally, the book traces how the traditional status of the Jews as a diasporic merchant minority both encouraged their economic success and made them particularly vulnerable to the ethnic nationalism of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Providing a fresh look at an important but frequently misunderstood subject, Capitalism and the Jews will interest anyone who wants to understand the Jewish role in the development of capitalism, the role of capitalism in the modern fate of the Jews, or the ways in which the story of capitalism and the Jews has affected the history of Europe and beyond, from the medieval period to our own.

Economic order --- Jewish religion --- Capitalism --- Jews --- Jewish businesspeople --- Nationalism --- Communism --- History --- -Jews --- -Jewish businesspeople --- -Communism --- 330.940089924 --- Consciousness, National --- Identity, National --- National consciousness --- National identity --- International relations --- Patriotism --- Political science --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Internationalism --- Political messianism --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Jewish businessmen --- Businesspeople --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Electronic information resources --- -Electronic information resources --- E-books --- AA / International- internationaal --- 338.313 --- 18 --- 323.1 --- Kapitalisme. --- Godsdienst --- Taalgebruik. Vragen rond nationaliteit, ras en taal. --- Taalgebruik. Vragen rond nationaliteit, ras en taal --- Kapitalisme --- Capitalism. --- Jewish businesspeople. --- Communism. --- Nationalism. --- History. --- Geschichte. --- Jews - History --- Adolf Hitler. --- Agudat Yisrael. --- Andrei Markovits. --- Anti-capitalism. --- Austria-Hungary. --- Backwardness. --- Bolsheviks. --- Bourgeoisie. --- Center for Advanced Judaic Studies. --- Center for Jewish History. --- Central Europe. --- Chaim Grade. --- Class conflict. --- Criticism of capitalism. --- Cultural capital. --- Democratic Leadership Council. --- Derek Penslar. --- Division of labour. --- Doctors' plot. --- Eastern Europe. --- Economic development. --- Economic history. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Ernest Gellner. --- Ethnic group. --- Ethnic nationalism. --- False consciousness. --- For Marx. --- Friedrich Hayek. --- Germans. --- Harvard University. --- Haskalah. --- Hostility. --- Ideology. --- Immigration. --- Income. --- Industrial society. --- Industrialisation. --- Intellectual. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Jewish Bolshevism. --- Jewish history. --- Jewish identity. --- Jewish question. --- Jews. --- Joseph Schumpeter. --- Judaism. --- Labor Zionism. --- Labor theory of value. --- Legal fiction. --- Lev Kamenev. --- Liberalism. --- Lithuania. --- Marxism. --- Menasseh Ben Israel. --- Mensheviks. --- Middle class. --- Miklós Horthy. --- Milton Friedman. --- Modernity. --- Moneylender. --- Montesquieu. --- Nation state. --- Nations and Nationalism (book). --- Nazi Party. --- Nazism. --- New antisemitism. --- Nobility. --- Pale of Settlement. --- Peasant. --- Pogrom. --- Politics. --- Prejudice. --- Princeton University Press. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Romanticism. --- Rothschild family. --- Scholasticism. --- Self-interest. --- Simon Dubnow. --- Social science. --- Social theory. --- Sociology. --- Soviet Union. --- Sovietization. --- Stalinism. --- Tax. --- The Rothschilds (musical). --- Tradesman. --- Usury. --- Welfare. --- Western Europe. --- Working class. --- World War I. --- World War II. --- Zionism.

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Another Hungary tells the stories of eight remarkable individuals: an aristocrat, merchant, engineer, teacher, journalist, rabbi, tobacconist, and writer. All eight came from the same woebegone corner of prewar Hungary. Their biographies illuminate how the region's residents made sense of economic underdevelopment, ethnic diversity, and relations between Christians and Jews. Taken together, their stories create a unique picture of the troubled history of Eastern Europe, viewed not from the capital cities, but from the small towns and villages. Through these eight lives, Another Hungary investigates the wider processes that remade Eastern Europe in the nineteenth century. It asks: How did people make sense of the dramatic changes, from the advent of the railroad to the outbreak of the First World War? How did they respond to the army of political ideologies that marched through this region: liberalism, socialism, nationalism, antisemitism, and Zionism? To what extent did people in the provinces not just react to, but influence what was happening in the centers of political power? This collective biography confirms that nineteenth-century Hungary was no earthly paradise. But it also shows that the provinces produced men and women with bold ideas on how to change their world.

Hungary. --- Jewish history. --- antisemitism. --- backwardness. --- biography. --- collective biography. --- nationalism. --- nineteenth century. --- provinces. --- small towns. --- HISTORY / Europe / Eastern. --- Hungary --- Macaristan --- Vengerskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Magyar Népköztársaság --- Ungern --- Magyar Tanácsköztársaság --- Hungarian Republic --- Magyar Köztársaság (Republic) --- Oungaria --- Unkari --- Ungarn --- Hongrie --- Ungaria --- Ungheria --- Hungría --- Magyarország (Republic) --- Maďarsko --- Węgry --- Vengrii︠a︡ --- Hongarije --- VNR --- V.N.R. --- Hungaryah --- Hungari --- Hŏnggari --- Ungarii︠a︡ --- Republic of Hungary --- Hongaria --- Hongarye --- Republiek van Hongarye --- Macarıstan Respublikası --- Венгрыя --- Venhryi︠a︡ --- Mađarska --- Republika Mađarska --- Унгария --- Унгарската република --- Ungarskata republika --- Hongria --- República d'Hongria --- Republikang Unggaro --- Unggriya --- Mad̕arská republika --- Republica Ungrese --- Hwngari --- Gweriniaeth Hwngari --- Republik Ungarn --- Ungari --- Ungari Vabariik --- Ουγγαρία --- Δημοκρατία της Ουγγαρίας --- Dēmokratia tēs Oungarias --- República de Hungría --- Hungario --- Hungarujo --- Hungara Respubliko --- Hungaria --- Hungariar Errepublika --- Hungariako Errepublika --- Tjóðveldið Ungarn --- République de Hongrie --- Ungáir --- Poblacht na hUngáire --- Ungaar --- Pobblaght ny h-Ungaar --- 헝가리 --- Hunakalia --- Republik Hongaria --- Ungverjaland --- Lýðveldið Ungverjaland --- הונגריה --- אונגארן --- Мажарстан --- Mazharstan --- Мажарстан Республикасы --- Mazharstan Respublikasy --- Венгрия --- Венгрия Республикасы --- Vengrii︠a︡ Respublikasy --- Jamhuri ya Hungaria --- Madjaristan --- Repúvlika de Madjaristan --- רפובליקא דא מאגיאדיסטאן --- מאגיאדיסטאן --- Маджар --- Madzhar --- Маджар Республика --- Madzhar Respublika --- Respublica Hungarica --- Ungārija --- Ungārijas Republika --- Vengrija --- Vengrijos respublika --- Ungaïa --- Ungri --- Унгарија --- Република Унгарија --- Republika Ungarija --- Ungerija --- Hanekeria --- Унгар --- Ungar --- Tlācatlahtohcāyōtl Hungria --- Hongaarse Republiek --- ハンガリー --- Hangarī --- Hungrii --- Republikken Ungarn --- Ongria --- Republica d'Ongria --- Vengriya --- Vengriya Respublikasi --- Republika Węgierska --- República da Hungria --- Republica Ungară --- Republica Ungaria --- Венгерская Республика --- Vengerskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Lepulika o Hungary --- Republika e Hungarisë --- Unghirìa --- Madžarska --- Republika Madžarska --- Madźary --- Мађарска --- Република Мађарска --- Unkarin tasavalta --- Republiken Ungern --- Unggarya --- Republika ng Unggarya --- Majarstan Jȯmḣu̇rii︠a︡te --- Majoriston --- Macaristan Cumhuriyeti --- Угорщина --- Uhorshchyna --- Мадярщина --- Madi︠a︡rshchyna --- Угорська Республіка --- Uhorsʹka Respublika --- Oгорська Республіка --- Ohorsʹka Respublika --- Ongiri --- Oonguri --- Republik bu Oonguri --- Honharije --- Vengrėjė --- Vengrėjės Respoblėka --- 匈牙利 --- Xiongyali --- 匈牙利共和國 --- Xiongyali gong he guo --- Xiongyali Gongheguo --- Austro-Hungarian Monarchy --- History --- Magyar Republic --- Ongaria --- BNUU --- БНУУ --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Ungar Uls

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How the conflict between political Islamists and secular-leaning nationalists has shaped the history of the modern Middle EastIn 2013, just two years after the popular overthrow of Hosni Mubarak, the Egyptian military ousted the country's first democratically elected president-Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood-and subsequently led a brutal repression of the Islamist group. These bloody events echoed an older political rift in Egypt and the Middle East: the splitting of nationalists and Islamists during the rule of Egyptian president and Arab nationalist leader Gamal Abdel Nasser. In Making the Arab World, Fawaz Gerges, one of the world's leading authorities on the Middle East, tells how the clash between pan-Arab nationalism and pan-Islamism has shaped the history of the region from the 1920s to the present.Gerges tells this story through an unprecedented dual biography of Nasser and another of the twentieth-century Arab world's most influential figures-Sayyid Qutb, a leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood and the father of many branches of radical political Islam. Their deeply intertwined lives embody and dramatize the divide between Arabism and Islamism. Yet, as Gerges shows, beyond the ideological and existential rhetoric, this is a struggle over the state, its role, and its power.Based on a decade of research, including in-depth interviews with many leading figures in the story, Making the Arab World is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the roots of the turmoil engulfing the Middle East, from civil wars to the rise of Al-Qaeda and ISIS.

Arab nationalism --- Islamic fundamentalism --- HISTORY / Middle East / General. --- Middle East --- history --- political Islam --- religious fundamentalism --- Arab world --- Arabs --- Nationalism --- Politics and government --- Nasser, Gamal Abdel, --- Quṭb, Sayyid, --- ʻAbd-an-Nāṣir, Ǧamāl --- Quṭb, Saiyid --- Muslimbruderschaft --- Since 1945 --- Egypt --- Egypt. --- Middle East. --- Ägypten --- Arabische Staaten --- Arab world. --- Quṭb, Saijid --- Qutb, Sajjed --- Qutb, Sayed --- Qutb, Sayyed --- Quṭb, Sayyid --- Qutb, Sayyid --- Qutb, Seyyid --- Qutb, Syed --- Quthub, Sayyid --- Qutub, Säyyid <<Šehit>> --- Qutup, Säyyid <<Šähid>> --- Qutup, Säyyid --- Qudub, Sayid --- Qotb, Sayed --- Ibn-Ibrāhīm, Saiyid Ibn-Quṭb --- Ibrāhīm, Saiyid Quṭb --- Kotb, Sayed --- Kutub, Seyyid --- Sāḏilī, Sayyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm Ḥusayn --- Šähid Säyyid Qutup --- Saiyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm --- Saijid Quṭb --- Sayed Kotb --- Sayid Qudub --- Sayyid Quṭb --- Šehit Säyyid Qutub --- Seyyid Kutub --- قۇتۇب, سەييىد <<شېھىت>> --- قۇتۇپ, سەييىد <<شەھىد>> --- شەھىد سەييىد قۇتۇپ --- Journalist --- Quṭb, Muḥammad --- 1906-1966 --- 10.09.1906-29.08.1966 --- Abd An-Nasir, Gamal --- ʿAbd an-Nasir, Gamal --- Abdul Nasser, Gamal --- ʿAbd an-Nāṣir, Jamāl --- Abd-el-Nasser, Gamal --- Nāṣir, Ğamāl ʿAbd- <> --- Nasir, Gamal Abdul --- Nasser, Gamal Abdel --- Nasser, Gamal Abdul --- Nasser, Gamal A. --- Naser, Gamal Abdel --- Nasser, Gamal Abd- <> --- Nasser, Gamal Abd-al --- Gamal Abdel Nasser --- Gamal Abd El-Nasser --- Ǧamal ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir --- Abdel Nasser, Gamal --- ʿAbd an-Nāṣir, Ǧamāl --- ʿAbd al-Nāṣir, Jamāl --- Ǧamāl ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir Ḥusain --- Ǧamāl ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir Ibn-Ḥusain --- ʿAbd-an-Nāṣir, Ǧamāl --- Abd an-Nasir, Dschamal --- جمال, ,بد الناصر --- 阿卜杜勒∙納賽尔, 加麥尔 --- 阿卜杜勒∙纳赛尔, 加麦尔 --- 加麦尔∙阿卜杜勒∙纳赛尔 --- 纳赛尔 --- Politiker --- Offizier --- Alexandria --- Kairo --- Marwān, Ašraf --- 1918-1970 --- Kotb, Sayed, --- Kutb, Sayyid, --- Kutub, Seyyid, --- Mohammad Qutb, --- Muḥammad Qut̤b, --- Qotb, Sayed, --- Qotb, Seyyed, --- Qotob, Sayyed, --- Qudub, Sayid, --- Qutb, Mohammad, --- Qut̤b, Muḥammad, --- Quṭb, Saiyid, --- Qutb, Sayed, --- Qutb, Sayyed, --- Qutb, Syed, --- Qutub, Said, --- Qutub, Săyyid, --- Qutup, Săyyid, --- Sayid Qudub, --- Sayyed Qotob, --- Sayyid Quṭb, --- Shādhilī, Sayyid Quṭb Ibrāhīm Ḥusayn, --- ʻAbd al-Nāṣir, Jamāl, --- Abdel Nasser, Gamal, --- Abdolnaser, Jamal, --- Abdul Nasser, Gamal, --- Jamal Abdolnaser, --- Naser, G. A., --- Naser, Gamalʹ Abdelʹ, --- Nasir, Gamal Abdul, --- Quṭb, Sayyid --- سيد قطب --- قطب، سيد --- قطب، سيد، --- עבד אל־נאצר, ג׳מאל --- اصر، جمال عبد ال --- جمال عبد الناصر --- جمال عبد الناصر، --- عبد الناصر، جمال --- عبد الناصر، جمال، --- عبد الناصر، جنال --- عبد ناصر، جمال --- عبدالناصر، جمال --- عبدالناصر، جمال، --- ماصر، جمال عبدال --- ناصر، جمال --- ناصر، جمال عبد --- ناصر، جمال عبد ، --- ناصر، جمال عبد ال --- ناصر، جمال عبد ال، --- ناصر، جمال عبد، --- ناصر، جمال عبدال --- ناصر، جمال. --- ناصر، جمل عبدال --- نسر، گمل ابدل --- نصر.جمال عبدال --- <> Iḫwān al-muslimūn --- <> Iḫwān al-muslimīn --- al-Iḫwān al-muslimūn --- al-Iḫwān al-muslimīn --- Iḫwān muslimūn --- Iḫwān muslimīn --- Moslem Brotherhood --- Muslim Brotherhood --- Frères Musulmans --- Muslim Brothers --- Moslem Brothers --- Muslimbrüder --- Moslembrüder --- Moslembruderschaft --- Jamʿīyat al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn --- Gemeinschaft der Muslimbrüder --- Jamâ'at al-Ikhwân al-Muslimîn --- Society of Muslim Brotherhood --- MB --- Moslem-Bruderschaft --- Muslim-Bruderschaft --- Ikhwan al-Muslimin --- Ikhwan al-Muslimun --- إخوان مسلمون --- الإخوان المسلمون --- <<ال>> إخوان المسلمين --- الإخوان المسلمين --- إخوان مسلمين --- 1928 --- -Since 1945 --- Arabische Länder --- Arabisches Sprachgebiet --- Araber --- Islamische Staaten --- Miṣr --- Chibet --- Ghubt --- Ghibt --- Arabische Republik Ägypten --- Dschumhūriyyat Misr al-ʿarabiyya --- República Árabe de Egipto --- Ŷumhūriyyat Miṣr Al-ʿArabiyyah --- Arab Republic of Egypt --- Ǧumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah --- Arabiese Republiek Egipte --- République arabe d'Égypte --- Jumhuriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah --- Repubblica Araba d'Egitto --- Egyiptomi Arab Köztársaság --- Mısır Arap Cumhuriyeti --- Ǧumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʿArabīya --- ARE --- Egypte --- <> Mamlaka al-Miṣrīya --- <> Daula al-Miṣrīya --- Mısır --- Egapt --- République d'Egypte --- Republic of Egypt --- Egitto --- Kingdom of Egypt --- Republica Arabe de Egipto --- Maṣr --- Ägypter --- Vereinigte Arabische Republik --- <> Iqlīm al-Ǧanūbī --- Ägypten --- -XX.01.1958 --- 1971 --- -Asia, Western --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Eastern Mediterranean Region --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mideast --- Near East --- South West --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Asia --- A.R.E. --- Ancient Egypt --- Egipat --- Egipet --- Egipt --- Egiptos --- Égypte --- Egypten --- Egypti --- Ejiputo --- Gouvernement royal égyptien --- Ijiptʻ --- Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah --- Khēmi --- Maṣr --- Miṣr --- Misri --- Mitsrayim --- United Arab Republic --- 1948 Palestine war. --- Activism. --- Al-Qaeda. --- Al-Tanzim. --- Ancien Régime. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Anwar Sadat. --- Apostasy. --- Arab Spring. --- Arab nationalism. --- Arab socialism. --- Arabs. --- Assassination. --- Authoritarianism. --- Backwardness. --- British Empire. --- Caliphate. --- Capitalism. --- Colonialism. --- Communism. --- Comrade. --- Constitutionalism. --- Copts. --- Criticism. --- Decolonization. --- Dictatorship. --- Dissident. --- Economic liberalization. --- Egyptian Government. --- Egyptians. --- Farid. --- Free Officers Movement (Egypt). --- Gamal Abdel Nasser. --- Governance. --- Habib. --- Hassan al-Banna. --- Hassan al-Hudaybi. --- Hegemony. --- Hosni Mubarak. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Institution. --- Islam. --- Islamic Group (Lebanon). --- Islamism. --- Jahiliyyah. --- Jihadism. --- Khaled Mohieddin. --- Left-wing politics. --- Manifesto. --- Martyr. --- Marxism. --- Militarization. --- Military occupation. --- Modernity. --- Mohamed Morsi. --- Muhammad. --- Muslim Brotherhood. --- Muslim world. --- Nasserism. --- Nationalist Movement. --- Nationalization. --- Palestinians. --- Pan-Arabism. --- Pan-Islamism. --- Persecution. --- Political party. --- Political philosophy. --- Political system. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Public sphere. --- Quran. --- Qutb. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Radicalization. --- Saddam Hussein. --- Salafi movement. --- Saudi Arabia. --- Sayyid Qutb. --- Sayyid. --- Secularism. --- Security forces. --- Sharia. --- Social movement. --- Sovereignty. --- Supreme Leader of Iran. --- Taha Hussein. --- Tanzim. --- Territorial nationalism. --- Terrorism. --- The Establishment. --- The Islamist. --- The Other Hand. --- Theocracy. --- Wafd Party. --- War. --- Westernization. --- Writing. --- Zionism. --- Islam and state