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Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted on the applications of agricultural robots and automation to a variety of field and greenhouse operations, and technical fundamentals and their feasibility have also been widely demonstrated. Due to the unstructured environment, adverse interference and complicated and diversified operation process are the key of blocking its commercialization in robotic agricultural operations. Because of the development of automation techniques, smart sensors, and information techniques, some types of agricultural robots have achieved considerable success in recent years. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in agricultural robots, fundamentals, and applications in robotic agricultural operations.

Robotics. --- Mechanical engineering. --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Automation --- Machine theory --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Autonomous Robot --- Robotics --- Evolutionary Robotics

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Novel technologies are playing an important role in the development of crop and livestock farming and have the potential to be the key drivers of sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. In particular, new sensors are now available with reduced dimensions, reduced costs, and increased performances, which can be implemented and integrated in production systems, providing more data and eventually an increase in information. It is of great importance to support the digital transformation, precision agriculture, and smart farming, and to eventually allow a revolution in the way food is produced. In order to exploit these results, authoritative studies from the research world are still needed to support the development and implementation of new solutions and best practices. This Special Issue is aimed at bringing together recent developments related to novel sensors and their proved or potential applications in agriculture.

precision farming --- sensor fusion --- remote sensing --- fluorescence --- reflectance --- spectrometry --- nitrogen fertilisation --- wheat --- yield --- Drainage Pipe Mapping --- Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) --- Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK/GNSS) --- dynamic vapor sorption --- high-precision dryer --- modeling --- water vapor pressure deficit --- autonomous robot --- agriculture --- viticulture --- electric weeder --- sonar --- intra-row --- under-vine --- row following --- date palms --- precision agriculture --- plantation management --- thermal --- hyperspectral --- Data-driven agriculture --- ISOBUS --- Rear hitch position --- Wheel-based machine speed --- IR imaging --- canopy temperature --- maximum temperature difference --- fungal infection --- wheat genotypes --- calibration function --- capacitive soil moisture sensor --- internet-based data acquisition --- soil moisture content --- infrared thermography --- IRT --- tree inspection --- inspection techniques --- tree monitoring --- food security --- food system --- digitalization --- human security --- Internet of things --- sustainable --- Barents region --- trees inspection --- trees monitoring --- VTA --- sustainability --- drift risk assessment tool --- sedimenting spray drift --- airborne spray drift --- weather conditions --- spray drift reduction --- rotary harrow --- secondary tillage --- soil erosion --- RFID --- CRNS --- neutron --- cosmic-ray --- soil moisture --- water --- agricultural sensors --- agricultural engineering --- digital farming --- embedded sensors --- ISO 11783

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Novel technologies are playing an important role in the development of crop and livestock farming and have the potential to be the key drivers of sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. In particular, new sensors are now available with reduced dimensions, reduced costs, and increased performances, which can be implemented and integrated in production systems, providing more data and eventually an increase in information. It is of great importance to support the digital transformation, precision agriculture, and smart farming, and to eventually allow a revolution in the way food is produced. In order to exploit these results, authoritative studies from the research world are still needed to support the development and implementation of new solutions and best practices. This Special Issue is aimed at bringing together recent developments related to novel sensors and their proved or potential applications in agriculture.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- precision farming --- sensor fusion --- remote sensing --- fluorescence --- reflectance --- spectrometry --- nitrogen fertilisation --- wheat --- yield --- Drainage Pipe Mapping --- Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) --- Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK/GNSS) --- dynamic vapor sorption --- high-precision dryer --- modeling --- water vapor pressure deficit --- autonomous robot --- agriculture --- viticulture --- electric weeder --- sonar --- intra-row --- under-vine --- row following --- date palms --- precision agriculture --- plantation management --- thermal --- hyperspectral --- Data-driven agriculture --- ISOBUS --- Rear hitch position --- Wheel-based machine speed --- IR imaging --- canopy temperature --- maximum temperature difference --- fungal infection --- wheat genotypes --- calibration function --- capacitive soil moisture sensor --- internet-based data acquisition --- soil moisture content --- infrared thermography --- IRT --- tree inspection --- inspection techniques --- tree monitoring --- food security --- food system --- digitalization --- human security --- Internet of things --- sustainable --- Barents region --- trees inspection --- trees monitoring --- VTA --- sustainability --- drift risk assessment tool --- sedimenting spray drift --- airborne spray drift --- weather conditions --- spray drift reduction --- rotary harrow --- secondary tillage --- soil erosion --- RFID --- CRNS --- neutron --- cosmic-ray --- soil moisture --- water --- agricultural sensors --- agricultural engineering --- digital farming --- embedded sensors --- ISO 11783 --- precision farming --- sensor fusion --- remote sensing --- fluorescence --- reflectance --- spectrometry --- nitrogen fertilisation --- wheat --- yield --- Drainage Pipe Mapping --- Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) --- Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK/GNSS) --- dynamic vapor sorption --- high-precision dryer --- modeling --- water vapor pressure deficit --- autonomous robot --- agriculture --- viticulture --- electric weeder --- sonar --- intra-row --- under-vine --- row following --- date palms --- precision agriculture --- plantation management --- thermal --- hyperspectral --- Data-driven agriculture --- ISOBUS --- Rear hitch position --- Wheel-based machine speed --- IR imaging --- canopy temperature --- maximum temperature difference --- fungal infection --- wheat genotypes --- calibration function --- capacitive soil moisture sensor --- internet-based data acquisition --- soil moisture content --- infrared thermography --- IRT --- tree inspection --- inspection techniques --- tree monitoring --- food security --- food system --- digitalization --- human security --- Internet of things --- sustainable --- Barents region --- trees inspection --- trees monitoring --- VTA --- sustainability --- drift risk assessment tool --- sedimenting spray drift --- airborne spray drift --- weather conditions --- spray drift reduction --- rotary harrow --- secondary tillage --- soil erosion --- RFID --- CRNS --- neutron --- cosmic-ray --- soil moisture --- water --- agricultural sensors --- agricultural engineering --- digital farming --- embedded sensors --- ISO 11783

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“Smart Sensing Technologies for Agriculture” is a Special Issue of Sensors that includes 14 research papers on diverse topics about the measurement of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil, plants, and animals related to modern farming practices.

History of engineering & technology --- moisture measurement --- Kalman filter --- model predictive control --- germination paper --- convolutional neural networks --- livestock --- lying posture --- standing posture --- Three-dimensional mapping --- quasi-3D inversion algorithm --- cation exchange capacity --- clay content --- sandy infertile soil --- optical micro-sensors --- crop protection --- precision agriculture --- infrared spectroscopy --- principal component analysis (PCA) --- partial least squares (PLS) --- droplet characterization --- apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) --- pH --- UAV --- boundary-line --- quantile regression --- law of minimum --- on-site detection --- ion-selective electrode (ISE) --- soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) --- soil moisture --- sensor fusion --- transfer learning --- deep learning --- body dimensions --- point cloud --- Kd-network --- feature recognition --- FFPH --- non-contact measurement --- X-ray fluorescence --- spectroscopy --- soil nutrients --- proximal soil sensing --- soil testing --- laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy --- LIBS --- elemental composition --- broiler surface temperature extraction --- thermal image processing --- head region locating --- adaptive K-means --- ellipse fitting --- harvesting robot --- gripper --- segmentation --- cutting point detection --- soil --- soil electrical resistivity --- autonomous robot --- real-time measurement --- precision farming --- mapping --- precision weeding --- multispectral imaging --- kinetic stereo imaging --- plant detection --- yield estimation --- machine vision --- willow tree