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Autophagy is a fundamental biological process that enables cells to autodigest their own cytosol during starvation and other forms of stress. It has a growing spectrum of acknowledged roles in immunity, aging, development, neurodegeneration, and cancer biology. An immunological role of autophagy was first recognized with the discovery of autophagy's ability to sanitize the cellular interior by killing intracellular microbes. Since then, the repertoire of autophagy's roles in immunity has been vastly expanded to include a diverse but interconnected portfolio of regulatory and effector functions. Autophagy is an effector of Th1/Th2 polarization; it fuels MHC II presentation of cytosolic (self and microbial) antigens; it shapes central tolerance; it affects B and T cell homeostasis; it acts both as an effector and a regulator of Toll-like receptor and other innate immunity receptor signaling; and it may help ward off chronic inflammatory disease in humans. With such a multitude of innate and adaptive immunity functions, the study of autophagy in immunity is one of the most rapidly growing fields of contemporary immunological research. This book introduces the reader to the fundamentals of autophagy, guides a novice and the well-informed reader alike through different immunological aspects of autophagy as well as the countermeasures used by highly adapted pathogens to fight autophagy, and provides the expert with the latest, up-to-date information on the specifics of the leading edge of autophagy research in infection and immunity.

Immunology. Immunopathology --- Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- immunologie --- medische microbiologie --- autofagie --- virologie

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Fertility preservation has become one of the most important and fast growing fields of reproductive medicine.  Although there are several strategies for fertility preservation in female, most of them are still considered experimental.  It is important to perfect the existing technologies, but also developing new strategies should be actively sought.  The future development of fertility preservation strategies should be based on the sound scientific knowledge and principles.  One of the main objectives of fertility preservation in females is prevention of oocyte depletion. The mechanisms of oocyte loss and survival in the ovary are complex, which include genetic control both in germ cells and in somatic cells, DNA damage and repair mechanism, apoptosis and autophagy, and other poorly understood molecular mechanisms.  To develop clinically effective and safe strategies for fertility preservation, it is essential to know and understand the fundamentals of oocyte and ovarian biology at the molecular level.  Thus, the purpose of this edition is to review the current progress in research related to molecular and genetic control of oocyte development that can be applied to fertility preservation.  The main topics that are discussed in this publication include molecular signaling mechanisms of oocyte activation and loss, genomic integrity of oocytes, and epigenetics.  .

Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Gynaecology. Obstetrics --- autofagie --- cytologie --- vroedkunde --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie

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This book provides an expert summary of autophagy, a relatively new but rapidly expanding field of biomedical science with important implications in health and disease. After a historical review ranging up to the identification of autophagy genes in mammals, the authors discuss the signaling pathways that regulate autophagy, the mechanism of autophagosome formation and the physiological roles of autophagy in development, ageing, neurodegeneration, immune function and cell differentiation. A comprehensive list of useful antibodies for studying autophagy compiled as a community effort is included at the end. The book is intended for newcomers to the field, as well as more experienced researchers looking for a condensed but comprehensive introduction to the physiological function and regulation of the autophagic pathway in mammalian organisms.

Histology. Cytology --- General biochemistry --- Biology --- Animal biochemistry --- Immunology. Immunopathology --- immunologie --- autofagie --- biochemie --- biologie --- cytologie --- histologie

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The book describes molecular principles and mechanisms by which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can drive the occurrence of diseases and the latest understanding of mtDNA biology. The book explores roles of mtDNA mutation and genetic changes in cancer, with a special focus on lung cancer, and the significance of approach, application, and bioethics of mtDNA sequencing.  Authors made a great effort to overview roles of mtDNA signaling pathways, base excision repair, methylation, USP30-mediated regulation, mitochondrial ribosome, autophagy pathways, or ROS-dependent signaling in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. It also demonstrates the importance of basic mitochondrial genetics and the relationship between mutations and disease phenotypes and ageing. This book covers not only the basic information of mtDNA, the relationship of mtDNA and disease, but also mtDNA in stem cell and mitochondria and metabolism etc. The book is written for biological and clinical students and researchers in the field of mtDNA–associated diseases.

Histology. Cytology --- Human genetics --- medische genetica --- stamcellen --- autofagie --- genetica --- cytologie --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie

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Defects in cell death pathways promote tumor development and progression, with potentially devastating consequences for cancer patients.  Greater understanding of the defects occurring in cancer cells, and the unique characteristics of tumors which can make them vulnerable to cell death stimuli, offers tremendous opportunities for developing novel and effective anti-cancer therapies.  In Cell Death in Cancer Biology and Treatment leading experts in the field provide a wealth of up-to-date knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms and cell biological processes that control cell death.  Each chapter also highlights recent advances in the translation of basic research findings into clinical trials.  Beginning and established investigators alike will benefit from the thorough presentations of the most promising avenues for future development of cell death-based, anti-cancer strategies and agents. The volume begins with a detailed description of many of the cell death defects that have been identified in human tumor specimens.  The unique bioenergetics of cancer cells, and the influence of the tumor microenvironment, autophagy, and cellular microRNAs on cancer cell death are then discussed, along with current progress in targeting these distinctive features and processes.  Additional chapters describe recent advances, and the therapeutic benefits of targeting DNA repair pathways, protein chaperones, sphingolipid signaling, Bcl-2 family members, IAPs, death receptor signaling, the proteasome, and survival signaling emanating from the PI3K/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathways.  Finally, recent discoveries are presented regarding interactions between the immune system and dying cancer cells and the potential for optimizing these interactions to maximize anti-cancer activities.  In summary, Cell Death in Cancer Biology and Treatment will be a valuable resource for scientists interested in cutting-edge understanding of aberrant cell death in cancer cells, and the multitude of innovative molecular targeting approaches that are actively being pursued to achieve selective activation of cell death in human malignancies.

Histology. Cytology --- Biology --- Human histology. Human cytology --- Oncology. Neoplasms --- tumoren --- apoptose --- bio-energie --- autofagie --- biologie --- oncologie --- cytologie --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie