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Between 1888 and 1930, African Americans opened more than a hundred banks and thousands of other financial institutions. In Banking on Freedom, Shennette Garrett-Scott explores this rich period of black financial innovation and its transformative impact on U.S. capitalism through the story of the St. Luke Bank in Richmond, Virginia: the first and only bank run by black women.Banking on Freedom offers an unparalleled account of how black women carved out economic, social, and political power in contexts shaped by sexism, white supremacy, and capitalist exploitation. Garrett-Scott chronicles both the bank's success and the challenges this success wrought, including extralegal violence and aggressive oversight from state actors who saw black economic autonomy as a threat to both democratic capitalism and the social order. The teller cage and boardroom became sites of activism and resistance as the leadership of president Maggie Lena Walker and other women board members kept the bank grounded in meeting the needs of working-class black women. The first book to center black women's engagement with the elite sectors of banking, finance, and insurance, Banking on Freedom reveals the ways gender, race, and class shaped the meanings of wealth and risk in U.S. capitalism and society.

Women in finance --- African American bankers --- African American women --- Women bankers --- African American banks --- Afro-American banks --- Banks and banking, African American --- African American business enterprises --- Minority-owned banks --- Women as bankers --- Bankers --- Afro-American bankers --- Bankers, African American --- Finance --- History --- E-books --- HISTORY / United States / 19th Century. --- History.

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Banks and banking, American --- Banks and banking --- Corporations, American --- Corporations --- Investments, American --- American investments --- Business corporations --- C corporations --- Corporations, Business --- Corporations, Public --- Limited companies --- Publicly held corporations --- Publicly traded corporations --- Public limited companies --- Stock corporations --- Subchapter C corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporate power --- Disincorporation --- Stocks --- Trusts, Industrial --- American banks and banking --- Edge act corporations --- Finance --- International financial management

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Private finance --- International finance --- Financial law --- Western Europe --- 336.71 --- Banks and banking, American --- -Banking law --- -#ECO:02.02:financiële sector bank --- 658.11 --- Banks and banking --- Law, Banking --- Financial institutions --- American banks and banking --- Edge act corporations --- Bankwezen --- Kinds and forms of enterprise --- Law and legislation --- Banking law --- 658.11 Kinds and forms of enterprise --- 336.71 Bankwezen --- droit bancaire --- europe de l'ouest --- bankwetgeving --- west europa --- #ECO:02.02:financiële sector bank --- banques --- eua --- banken --- vsa

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339.732 --- Banks and banking, European --- -Banks and banking, International --- -Banks and banking, American --- -EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 333.101 --- -332.15094 --- American banks and banking --- Edge act corporations --- International banking --- Offshore banking (Finance) --- Transnational banking --- Financial institutions, International --- International finance --- European banks and banking --- Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire --- History --- -History --- -Banksysteem en bankstelsel. --- -339.732 --- 339.732 Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem --- 339.732 Internationale banken. Wereldbank. Ontwikkelingsbank. Investeringsbank. Comecom, samenwerkingsbank. Europees monetair fonds. Europees ontwikkelingsfonds. Europese investeringsbank. Europese monetaire --- Ida. Ibrd. Bird. Ifc. Imf. Speciale trekkingsrechten. Bank voor internationale betalingen. Internationaal monetair systeem --- Banks and banking, International --- 332.15094 --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Banks and banking, American

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Before the twentieth century, personal debt resided on the fringes of the American economy, the province of small-time criminals and struggling merchants. By the end of the century, however, the most profitable corporations and banks in the country lent money to millions of American debtors. How did this happen? The first book to follow the history of personal debt in modern America, Debtor Nation traces the evolution of debt over the course of the twentieth century, following its transformation from fringe to mainstream--thanks to federal policy, financial innovation, and retail competition. How did banks begin making personal loans to consumers during the Great Depression? Why did the government invent mortgage-backed securities? Why was all consumer credit, not just mortgages, tax deductible until 1986? Who invented the credit card? Examining the intersection of government and business in everyday life, Louis Hyman takes the reader behind the scenes of the institutions that made modern lending possible: the halls of Congress, the boardrooms of multinationals, and the back rooms of loan sharks. America's newfound indebtedness resulted not from a culture in decline, but from changes in the larger structure of American capitalism that were created, in part, by the choices of the powerful--choices that made lending money to facilitate consumption more profitable than lending to invest in expanded production. From the origins of car financing to the creation of subprime lending, Debtor Nation presents a nuanced history of consumer credit practices in the United States and shows how little loans became big business.

Consumer credit --- Debt --- Loans, Personal --- Crédit à la consommation --- Dettes --- Prêts personnels --- History --- Histoire --- United States --- Etats-Unis --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- 20th century --- Loans [Personal ] --- Consumentenkrediet --- Schulden --- Economie en handel --- Verenigde Staten --- Geschiedenis. --- 1900-1999. --- Consumer loans --- Loans, Consumer --- Loans, Small --- Personal loans --- Small loans --- Loans --- Indebtedness --- Finance --- Consumer debt --- Credit --- American banks. --- American capitalism. --- American consumers. --- American economy. --- Federal Housing Administration. --- Federal Reserve. --- National City Bank. --- New Deal housing policy. --- Regulation W. --- Roosevelt administration. --- Title I loan program. --- borrowing. --- business loans. --- capitalism. --- commercial banks. --- commercial loans. --- consumer credit. --- consumer debt. --- consumer lending. --- consumption. --- credit access. --- credit activists. --- credit card investments. --- credit card. --- credit cards. --- credit institutions. --- credit rating. --- credit system. --- credit use. --- credit. --- debt. --- debtors. --- entrepreneurial innovation. --- federal policy. --- financial institutions. --- governmental policy. --- home equity loans. --- industrial economy. --- installment credit. --- investment capital. --- legal lending. --- legalized personal loans. --- lending. --- material prosperity. --- modern America. --- modern credit system. --- modern debt. --- money lending. --- mortgages. --- national mortgage markets. --- personal debt. --- personal lending. --- personal loan departments. --- personal loans. --- postwar United States. --- postwar prosperity. --- regulation. --- residential housing. --- revolving credit. --- social status. --- wealth inequality.