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ISBN: 0309044391 9786610203772 1280203773 030956994X 9780309569941 9781280203770 6610203776 9780309044394 Year: 1991 Publisher: Washington, DC : National Academy Press,

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Abstract

Keywords

Animal experimentation. --- Animal Welfare --- Animals, Laboratory. --- Animal experimentation --- Organizational Policy --- Risk Assessment --- Pain --- Animals, Laboratory --- General Surgery --- Animal Experimentation --- Animal Testing Alternatives --- Biomedical Research --- Immunization --- Politics --- Research Personnel --- Risk --- Behavioral Research --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Disease Models, Animal --- Equipment and Supplies --- Research --- Government Regulation --- Organ Transplantation --- Animal Care Committees --- Animal Rights --- Social Control, Formal --- Persons --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Animal Population Groups --- Animal Diseases --- Sensation --- Occupational Groups --- Investigative Techniques --- Communicable Disease Control --- Probability --- Neurologic Manifestations --- Transplantation --- Primary Prevention --- Behavioral Sciences --- Models, Animal --- Immunologic Techniques --- Risk Management --- Social Control Policies --- Specialties, Surgical --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Science --- Models, Biological --- Immunotherapy --- Sociology --- Signs and Symptoms --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Animal Use Alternatives --- Social Sciences --- Surgical Procedures, Operative --- Psychophysiology --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Named Groups --- Medicine --- Policy --- Statistics as Topic --- Public Health --- Public Health Practice --- Health Care --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Models, Theoretical --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Animals --- Mathematical Concepts --- Nervous System Diseases --- Immunomodulation --- Diseases --- Preventive Health Services --- Organization and Administration --- Behavioral Disciplines and Activities --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Health Occupations --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Services Administration --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Eukaryota --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Biological Therapy --- Health Services --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Organisms --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Therapeutics --- Quality of Health Care --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Social Welfare & Social Work - General --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- trends. --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Area Analysis --- Correlation Studies --- Correlation Study --- Correlation of Data --- Data Analysis --- Estimation Technics --- Estimation Techniques --- Indirect Estimation Technics --- Indirect Estimation Techniques --- Multiple Classification Analysis --- Service Statistics --- Statistical Study --- Statistics, Service --- Tables and Charts as Topic --- Analyses, Area --- Analyses, Data --- Analyses, Multiple Classification --- Analysis, Area --- Analysis, Data --- Analysis, Multiple Classification --- Area Analyses --- Classification Analyses, Multiple --- Classification Analysis, Multiple --- Data Analyses --- Data Correlation --- Data Correlations --- Estimation Technic --- Estimation Technic, Indirect --- Estimation Technics, Indirect --- Estimation Technique --- Estimation Technique, Indirect --- Estimation Techniques, Indirect --- Indirect Estimation Technic --- Indirect Estimation Technique --- Multiple Classification Analyses --- Statistical Studies --- Studies, Correlation --- Studies, Statistical --- Study, Correlation --- Study, Statistical --- Technic, Estimation --- Technic, Indirect Estimation --- Technics, Estimation --- Technics, Indirect Estimation --- Technique, Estimation --- Technique, Indirect Estimation --- Techniques, Estimation --- Techniques, Indirect Estimation --- Policies --- Medical Specialities --- Medical Specialties --- Medical Specialty --- Specialities, Medical --- Specialties, Medical --- Specialty, Medical --- Medical Speciality --- Speciality, Medical --- Nervous System Physiological Concepts --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomenon --- Nervous System Physiological Process --- Physiology, Nervous System --- Nervous System Physiologic Processes --- Nervous System Physiology --- System Physiology, Nervous --- Nervous System --- Mind-Body Relationship (Physiology) --- Physiologic Psychology --- Physiological Psychology --- Psychology, Physiologic --- Mind-Body Relations (Physiology) --- Psychology, Physiological --- Mind Body Relations (Physiology) --- Mind Body Relationship (Physiology) --- Mind-Body Relation (Physiology) --- Mind-Body Relationships (Physiology) --- Physiologic Psychologies --- Psychologies, Physiologic --- Relation, Mind-Body (Physiology) --- Relations, Mind-Body (Physiology) --- Relationship, Mind-Body (Physiology) --- Relationships, Mind-Body (Physiology) --- Ghost Surgery --- Operative Procedures --- Operative Surgical Procedure --- Operative Surgical Procedures --- Procedure, Operative Surgical --- Procedures, Operative Surgical --- Surgery, Ghost --- Surgical Procedure, Operative --- Operative Procedure --- Procedure, Operative --- Procedures, Operative --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Animal Testing Reduction, Refinement and Replacement --- Alternative, Animal Use --- Alternatives, Animal Use --- Animal Use Alternative --- Use Alternative, Animal --- Use Alternatives, Animal --- Measurements, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiologic Measurement --- Measurement, Epidemiologic --- Symptoms and Signs --- General Social Development and Population --- Immunotherapies --- Biological Model --- Biological Models --- Model, Biological --- Models, Biologic --- Biologic Model --- Biologic Models --- Model, Biologic --- Sciences --- Surgical Specialties --- Control Policies, Social --- Control Policy, Social --- Policies, Social Control --- Policy, Social Control --- Social Control Policy --- Hospital Incident Reportings --- Incident Reporting --- Incident Reportings, Hospital --- Management, Risks --- Reporting, Hospital Incident --- Reportings, Hospital Risk --- Voluntary Patient Safety Event Reporting --- Hospital Incident Reporting --- Incident Reporting, Hospital --- Hospital Risk Reporting --- Hospital Risk Reportings --- Incident Reportings --- Management, Risk --- Reporting, Hospital Risk --- Reporting, Incident --- Reportings, Hospital Incident --- Reportings, Incident --- Risk Reporting, Hospital --- Risk Reportings, Hospital --- Risks Management --- Antibody Dissociation --- Immunologic Technic --- Immunologic Technics --- Immunologic Technique --- Immunological Technics --- Immunological Techniques --- Technic, Immunologic --- Technics, Immunologic --- Technique, Immunologic --- Techniques, Immunologic --- Antibody Dissociations --- Dissociation, Antibody --- Dissociations, Antibody --- Immunological Technic --- Immunological Technique --- Technic, Immunological --- Technics, Immunological --- Technique, Immunological --- Techniques, Immunological --- Allergy and Immunology --- Experimental Animal Models --- Laboratory Animal Models --- Animal Model --- Animal Model, Experimental --- Animal Model, Laboratory --- Animal Models --- Animal Models, Experimental --- Animal Models, Laboratory --- Experimental Animal Model --- Laboratory Animal Model --- Model, Animal --- Model, Experimental Animal --- Model, Laboratory Animal --- Models, Experimental Animal --- Models, Laboratory Animal --- Proxemics --- Behavioral Science --- Proxemic --- Science, Behavioral --- Sciences, Behavioral --- Prevention, Primordial --- Primordial Prevention --- Prevention, Primary --- Preventions, Primordial --- Primordial Preventions --- Transplantations --- Focal Neurologic Deficits --- Manifestations, Neurologic --- Manifestations, Neurological --- Neurologic Dysfunction --- Neurologic Findings --- Neurologic Manifestation --- Neurologic Signs --- Neurologic Symptoms --- Neurological Manifestations --- Neurologic Deficits --- Neurologic Signs and Symptoms --- Deficit, Focal Neurologic --- Deficit, Neurologic --- Deficits, Focal Neurologic --- Deficits, Neurologic --- Dysfunction, Neurologic --- Dysfunctions, Neurologic --- Finding, Neurologic --- Findings, Neurologic --- Focal Neurologic Deficit --- Manifestation, Neurologic --- Manifestation, Neurological --- Neurologic Deficit --- Neurologic Deficit, Focal --- Neurologic Deficits, Focal --- Neurologic Dysfunctions --- Neurologic Finding --- Neurologic Sign --- Neurologic Symptom --- Neurological Manifestation --- Sign, Neurologic --- Signs, Neurologic --- Symptom, Neurologic --- Symptoms, Neurologic --- Probabilities --- Parasite Control --- Control, Communicable Disease --- Control, Parasite --- Communicable Diseases --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Group, Occupational --- Groups, Occupational --- Occupational Group --- Organoleptic --- Sensory Function --- Function, Sensory --- Functions, Sensory --- Sensations --- Sensory Functions --- Diseases, Animal --- Disease --- Animal Population Group --- Population Group, Animal --- Population Groups, Animal --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Person --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Speciesism --- Rights, Animal --- Grafting, Organ --- Transplantation, Organ --- Graftings, Organ --- Organ Grafting --- Organ Graftings --- Organ Transplantations --- Transplantations, Organ --- Government Regulation and Oversight --- Government Regulations --- Regulation, Government --- Regulations, Government --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Device, Medical --- Devices, Medical --- Equipment --- Inventories --- Medical Device --- Supplies --- Apparatus and Instruments --- Devices --- Medical Devices --- Device --- Instruments and Apparatus --- Inventory --- Supplies and Equipment --- Animal Disease Model --- Animal Disease Models --- Disease Model, Animal --- Pharmaceutic Preparations --- Pharmaceutical Products --- Preparations, Pharmaceutical --- Drugs --- Preparations, Pharmaceutic --- Products, Pharmaceutical --- Research, Behavioral --- Relative Risk --- Relative Risks --- Risk, Relative --- Risks --- Risks, Relative --- Investigator, Clinical --- Investigators --- Investigators, Clinical --- Survey Personnel --- Clinical Investigator --- Clinical Investigators --- Researchers --- Investigator --- Personnel, Research --- Personnel, Survey --- Researcher --- Conservatism --- Decentralization --- Liberalism --- Political Factors --- Voting --- Political Activity --- Activities, Political --- Activity, Political --- Factor, Political --- Factors, Political --- Political Activities --- Political Factor --- Immunologic Sensitization --- Immunological Stimulation --- Sensitization, Immunological --- Stimulation, Immunologic --- Immunologic Stimulation --- Immunostimulation --- Sensitization, Immunologic --- Variolation --- Immunizations --- Immunological Sensitization --- Immunological Sensitizations --- Immunological Stimulations --- Sensitizations, Immunological --- Stimulation, Immunological --- Stimulations, Immunological --- Variolations --- Experimental Medicine --- Investigational Medicine --- Investigative Medicine --- Research, Biomedical --- Research, Medical --- Medical Research --- Medicine, Experimental --- Medicine, Investigational --- Medicine, Investigative --- Alternatives to Animal Testing --- Alternative, Animal Testing --- Alternatives, Animal Testing --- Animal Testing Alternative --- Testing Alternative, Animal --- Testing Alternatives, Animal --- Animal Experimental Use --- Animal Experiments --- Animal Research --- Animal Experiment --- Animal Experimental Uses --- Experiment, Animal --- Experimental Use, Animal --- Experimental Uses, Animal --- Experimentation, Animal --- Experiments, Animal --- Research, Animal --- Surgery --- Surgery, General --- Laboratory Animals --- Animal, Laboratory --- Laboratory Animal --- Ache --- Pain, Burning --- Pain, Crushing --- Pain, Migratory --- Pain, Radiating --- Pain, Splitting --- Suffering, Physical --- Aches --- Burning Pain --- Burning Pains --- Crushing Pain --- Crushing Pains --- Migratory Pain --- Migratory Pains --- Pains, Burning --- Pains, Crushing --- Pains, Migratory --- Pains, Radiating --- Pains, Splitting --- Physical Suffering --- Physical Sufferings --- Radiating Pain --- Radiating Pains --- Splitting Pain --- Splitting Pains --- Sufferings, Physical --- Heatlh Risk Assessment --- Risks and Benefits --- Assessment, Risk --- Benefit-Risk Assessment --- Risk-Benefit Assessment --- Assessment, Benefit-Risk --- Assessment, Heatlh Risk --- Assessment, Risk-Benefit --- Assessments, Benefit-Risk --- Assessments, Heatlh Risk --- Assessments, Risk --- Assessments, Risk-Benefit --- Benefit Risk Assessment --- Benefit-Risk Assessments --- Benefits and Risks --- Heatlh Risk Assessments --- Risk Assessment, Heatlh --- Risk Assessments --- Risk Assessments, Heatlh --- Risk Benefit Assessment --- Risk-Benefit Assessments --- Animal Cruelty --- Cruelty, Animal --- Welfare, Animal --- Institutional Policies --- Organizational Policies --- Policies, Institutional --- Policies, Organizational --- Policy, Institutional --- Policy, Organizational --- Institutional Policy --- Experimentation on animals --- Zoopery --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Quality of Care --- Quality of Healthcare --- Care Qualities --- Care Quality --- Health Care Quality --- Healthcare Quality --- Therapy --- Treatment --- Therapeutic --- Therapies --- Treatments --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Concepts --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomenon --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiology --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanisms --- Evaluation Mechanism, Healthcare --- Evaluation Mechanisms, Healthcare --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanism --- Mechanism, Healthcare Evaluation --- Mechanisms, Healthcare Evaluation --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Biologic Therapy --- Biotherapy --- Therapy, Biological --- Biologic Therapies --- Biological Therapies --- Biotherapies --- Therapies, Biologic --- Therapies, Biological --- Therapy, Biologic --- Epidemiologic Method --- Epidemiological Methods --- Methods, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiological Method --- Method, Epidemiologic --- Method, Epidemiological --- Methods, Epidemiological --- Epidemiology --- Eucarya --- Eukarya --- Eukaryotes --- Eukaryotas --- Eukaryote --- Psychologic Processes and Principles --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Professions --- Health Occupation --- Health Profession --- Occupation, Health --- Occupations, Health --- Profession, Health --- Professions, Health --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Administration and Organization --- Administrative Technics --- Administrative Techniques --- Coordination, Administrative --- Logistics --- Supervision --- Technics, Administrative --- Techniques, Administrative --- Administration --- Administrative Coordination --- Administrative Technic --- Administrative Technique --- Technic, Administrative --- Technique, Administrative --- Health Services, Preventive --- Preventive Health --- Preventive Health Care --- Preventive Health Programs --- Preventive Programs --- Services, Preventive Health --- Care, Preventive Health --- Health Care, Preventive --- Health Program, Preventive --- Health Programs, Preventive --- Health Service, Preventive --- Health, Preventive --- Preventive Health Program --- Preventive Health Service --- Preventive Program --- Program, Preventive --- Program, Preventive Health --- Programs, Preventive --- Programs, Preventive Health --- Service, Preventive Health --- Immunomodulatory Therapy --- Immunomodulations --- Immunomodulatory Therapies --- Therapies, Immunomodulatory --- Therapy, Immunomodulatory --- Nervous System Disorders --- Neurological Disorders --- Neurologic Disorders --- Disease, Nervous System --- Diseases, Nervous System --- Disorder, Nervous System --- Disorder, Neurologic --- Disorder, Neurological --- Disorders, Nervous System --- Disorders, Neurologic --- Disorders, Neurological --- Nervous System Disease --- Nervous System Disorder --- Neurologic Disorder --- Neurological Disorder --- Concept, Mathematical --- Concepts, Mathematical --- Mathematical Concept --- Animalia --- Animal --- Metazoa --- Experimental Model --- Experimental Models --- Mathematical Model --- Model, Experimental --- Models (Theoretical) --- Models, Experimental --- Models, Theoretic --- Theoretical Study --- Mathematical Models --- Model (Theoretical) --- Model, Mathematical --- Model, Theoretical --- Models, Mathematical --- Studies, Theoretical --- Study, Theoretical --- Theoretical Model --- Theoretical Models --- Theoretical Studies --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Health Practice, Public --- Health Practices, Public --- Practice, Public Health --- Practices, Public Health --- Public Health Practices --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- physiology --- methods --- prevention & control --- veterinary --- therapy --- organization & administration --- Animal Care and Use Committees --- Animal Ethics Committees --- IACUC --- Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees --- Animal Care Committee --- Animal Ethics Committee --- Committee, Animal Care --- Committee, Animal Ethics --- Committees, Animal Care --- Committees, Animal Ethics --- Ethics Committee, Animal --- Ethics Committees, Animal --- IACUCs --- Psychosomatic Medicine --- Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical --- Immunity, Active --- Truth Disclosure --- Immunity --- Immunochemistry --- Disease Prevention, Primary --- Disease Preventions, Primary --- Primary Disease Prevention --- Primary Disease Preventions --- Preventive Dentistry --- Prophylactic Surgical Procedures --- Transplantation Immunology --- Transplantation Conditioning --- Infectious Disease Medicine --- Disease Eradication --- Occupations --- Perception --- Veterinary Medicine --- Zoology --- Public Policy --- Ethics Committees --- Ethics, Research --- Pharmacology --- Drug Dosage Calculations --- Risk Reduction Behavior --- Harm Reduction --- Dissent and Disputes --- Bioethical Issues --- Analgesia --- Pain Insensitivity, Congenital --- Analgesics --- Hyperalgesia --- Palliative Care --- Health Risk Assessment --- Assessment, Health Risk --- Assessments, Health Risk --- Health Risk Assessments --- Risk Assessment, Health --- Risk Assessments, Health --- Vivisection --- Euthanasia, Animal --- Laboratory animals --- Pharmacy Audit --- Audit, Pharmacy --- Pharmacy Audits --- Psychologic Processes --- Psychological Processes --- Phenomena, Psychological --- Processes, Psychologic --- Processes, Psychological --- Psychological Phenomenas --- Psychological Processe --- Preventive Medicine --- Preventive Psychiatry --- Neurology --- Computer Simulation --- Systems Theory --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Health Workforce --- Pharmaceuticals --- Employee --- Employees --- Personnel --- Worker --- Workers --- Disease Models, Animal. --- Institute of Medicine (U.S.) --- National Academy of Sciences *U.S.) --- Animal Welfare Act. --- National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) --- Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften (U.S.) --- Academia Nacional de Ciencias de los Estados Unidos --- Washington (D.C.). --- National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America --- United States. --- N.A.S. --- NAS --- National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. --- National Academy of Sciences, USA --- National Academies (U.S.). --- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). --- National Academy of Sciences (U.S.). --- Institute of Medicine. --- IOM --- Institute of Medicine of the National Academies --- Committee on the Use of Animals in Research (U.S.) --- Moral and ethical aspects.

In the name of science
Author:
ISBN: 1280441054 1601298331 0585325073 9780585325071 9781601298331 0195070437 9780195070439 9781280441059 9786610441051 6610441057 Year: 1993 Publisher: New York Oxford University Press

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Abstract

Few arguments in biomedical experimentation have stirred such heated debate in recent years as the issue of animal subjects. In this comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the social, political, and ethical conflicts surrounding the use of animals in scientific experiments, F. Barbara Orlans assesses both ends of this sensitive argument's spectrum- unconditional approval or rejection of animal experimentation- as equally implausible. Instead of arguing to either of these points, Orlans thoughtfully explores the ground between the extremes, and convincingly makes the case for public policy reforms that serve to improve the welfare of laboratory animals without jeopardizing scientific endeavour. This book presents controversial issues in an objective manner based on careful historical analysis and original research. The author's findings address such issues as the functioning of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees, editorial policies on animal experimentation by scientific journal editors, policies on the use of animals in education, funding sources for alternatives, and comparisons of animal use policies of various countries.; Different mechanisms of oversight for animal experiments are compared and those that have worked well are identified. This compelling work will be of interest to biomedical scientists, ethicists, animal welfare advocates and other readers concerned with this critical issue.

Keywords

Animal experimentation --- Animal Welfare. --- Pain --- Ethical Review --- International Cooperation --- Statistics as Topic --- Stress, Psychological --- Violence --- Animals, Laboratory --- Reference Standards --- Animal Experimentation --- Social Control, Formal --- Editorial Policies --- Ethics, Medical --- Internationality --- Publishing --- Government Regulation --- History, 19th Century --- Industry --- Public Policy --- Ethics --- Legislation as Topic --- Financial Support --- Animal Welfare --- Education --- History --- Animal Rights --- Policy Making --- Animal Testing Alternatives --- Politics --- Animal Care Committees --- Attitude --- History, 20th Century --- Information Science --- Ethics, Clinical --- Sensation --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Crime --- Social Sciences --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Neurologic Manifestations --- Animal Population Groups --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Behavioral Symptoms --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Economics --- Social Control Policies --- Signs and Symptoms --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Morals --- Animal Use Alternatives --- Investigative Techniques --- Mathematics --- Social Problems --- Philosophy --- Humanities --- Psychophysiology --- Sociology --- Research --- Weights and Measures --- Policy --- Science --- Public Health --- Ethics, Professional --- Nervous System Diseases --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Health Care --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Animals --- Criminology --- Behavior --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Quality of Health Care --- Diseases --- Eukaryota --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Environment and Public Health --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Organisms --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Social Welfare & Social Work - General --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Concepts --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomenon --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiology --- Nervous System Physiological Concepts --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomenon --- Nervous System Physiological Process --- Physiology, Nervous System --- Nervous System Physiologic Processes --- Nervous System Physiology --- System Physiology, Nervous --- Nervous System --- Eucarya --- Eukarya --- Eukaryotes --- Eukaryotas --- Eukaryote --- Pharmacy Audit --- Quality of Care --- Quality of Healthcare --- Audit, Pharmacy --- Care Quality --- Health Care Quality --- Healthcare Quality --- Pharmacy Audits --- Psychologic Processes --- Psychologic Processes and Principles --- Psychological Processes --- Phenomena, Psychological --- Processes, Psychologic --- Processes, Psychological --- Psychological Phenomenas --- Psychological Processe --- Acceptance Process --- Acceptance Processes --- Behaviors --- Process, Acceptance --- Processes, Acceptance --- Animalia --- Animal --- Metazoa --- Psychology, Perceptual --- Social Psychology --- Perceptual Psychology --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Nervous System Disorders --- Neurological Disorders --- Neurologic Disorders --- Disease, Nervous System --- Diseases, Nervous System --- Disorder, Nervous System --- Disorder, Neurologic --- Disorder, Neurological --- Disorders, Nervous System --- Disorders, Neurologic --- Disorders, Neurological --- Nervous System Disease --- Nervous System Disorder --- Neurologic Disorder --- Neurological Disorder --- Neurology --- Professional Ethics --- Ethic, Professional --- Professional Ethic --- Professional Misconduct --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Sciences --- Policies --- Measures --- Scales --- Weights --- Measure --- Measures and Weights --- Laboratory Research --- Research Activities --- Research and Development --- Research Priorities --- Activities, Research --- Activity, Research --- Development and Research --- Priorities, Research --- Priority, Research --- Research Activity --- Research Priority --- Research, Laboratory --- Ethics, Research --- General Social Development and Population --- Mind-Body Relationship (Physiology) --- Physiologic Psychology --- Physiological Psychology --- Psychology, Physiologic --- Mind-Body Relations (Physiology) --- Psychology, Physiological --- Mind Body Relations (Physiology) --- Mind Body Relationship (Physiology) --- Mind-Body Relation (Physiology) --- Mind-Body Relationships (Physiology) --- Physiologic Psychologies --- Psychologies, Physiologic --- Relation, Mind-Body (Physiology) --- Relations, Mind-Body (Physiology) --- Relationship, Mind-Body (Physiology) --- Relationships, Mind-Body (Physiology) --- Psychosomatic Medicine --- Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical --- Pharmacy Philosophy --- Philosophical Overview --- Hedonism --- Stoicism --- Overview, Philosophical --- Overviews, Philosophical --- Pharmacy Philosophies --- Philosophical Overviews --- Philosophies --- Philosophies, Pharmacy --- Philosophy, Pharmacy --- Labor Exploitation --- Social Exploitation --- Exploitation, Labor --- Exploitation, Social --- Exploitations, Labor --- Problem, Social --- Problems, Social --- Social Problem --- Mathematic --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Animal Testing Reduction, Refinement and Replacement --- Alternative, Animal Use --- Alternatives, Animal Use --- Animal Use Alternative --- Use Alternative, Animal --- Use Alternatives, Animal --- Morality --- Retrospective Moral Judgment --- Epidemiologic Method --- Epidemiological Methods --- Methods, Epidemiologic --- Epidemiological Method --- Method, Epidemiologic --- Method, Epidemiological --- Methods, Epidemiological --- Epidemiology --- Symptoms and Signs --- Control Policies, Social --- Control Policy, Social --- Policies, Social Control --- Policy, Social Control --- Social Control Policy --- Capital --- Conditions, Economic --- Consumption --- Cost of Living --- Easterlin Hypothesis --- Economic Conditions --- Economic Policies --- Economic Policy --- Economics, Home --- Home Economics --- Household Consumption --- Macroeconomic Factors --- Microeconomic Factors --- Policies, Economic --- Policy, Economic --- Production --- Remittances --- Utility Theory --- Consumer Price Index --- Condition, Economic --- Consumer Price Indices --- Consumption, Household --- Economic Condition --- Factor, Macroeconomic --- Factor, Microeconomic --- Factors, Macroeconomic --- Factors, Microeconomic --- Household Consumptions --- Hypothesis, Easterlin --- Index, Consumer Price --- Indices, Consumer Price --- Living Cost --- Living Costs --- Remittance --- Theories, Utility --- Theory, Utility --- Utility Theories --- History of Medicine, Modern --- Medicine, Modern --- Modern History (Medicine) --- Modern Medicine --- History, Modern --- Modern History --- 1601- History, Modern --- History, Modern (Medicine) --- Modern 1601- History --- Behavioral Symptom --- Symptom, Behavioral --- Symptoms, Behavioral --- Behavior And Behavior Mechanism --- Animal Population Group --- Population Group, Animal --- Population Groups, Animal --- Zoology --- Focal Neurologic Deficits --- Manifestations, Neurologic --- Manifestations, Neurological --- Neurologic Dysfunction --- Neurologic Findings --- Neurologic Manifestation --- Neurologic Signs --- Neurologic Symptoms --- Neurological Manifestations --- Neurologic Deficits --- Neurologic Signs and Symptoms --- Deficit, Focal Neurologic --- Deficit, Neurologic --- Deficits, Focal Neurologic --- Deficits, Neurologic --- Dysfunction, Neurologic --- Dysfunctions, Neurologic --- Finding, Neurologic --- Findings, Neurologic --- Focal Neurologic Deficit --- Manifestation, Neurologic --- Manifestation, Neurological --- Neurologic Deficit --- Neurologic Deficit, Focal --- Neurologic Deficits, Focal --- Neurologic Dysfunctions --- Neurologic Finding --- Neurologic Sign --- Neurologic Symptom --- Neurological Manifestation --- Sign, Neurologic --- Signs, Neurologic --- Symptom, Neurologic --- Symptoms, Neurologic --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanisms --- Evaluation Mechanism, Healthcare --- Evaluation Mechanisms, Healthcare --- Healthcare Evaluation Mechanism --- Mechanism, Healthcare Evaluation --- Mechanisms, Healthcare Evaluation --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Kidnapping --- Poaching --- Crimes --- Kidnappings --- Criminal Behavior --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Organoleptic --- Sensory Function --- Function, Sensory --- Functions, Sensory --- Sensations --- Sensory Functions --- Perception --- Clinical Ethics --- Clinical Medicine --- Ethicists --- Ethics Committees, Clinical --- Ethics Consultation --- Information Sciences --- Science, Information --- Sciences, Information --- 20th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 20th Cent. History of Medicine --- 20th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 20th Century --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- History, Twentieth Century --- Medical History, 20th Cent. --- Medicine, 20th Cent. --- 20th Century History --- 20th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 20th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 20th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 20th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 20th --- Century Histories, Twentieth --- Century History, 20th --- Century History, Twentieth --- Histories, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 20th Century --- Histories, Twentieth Century --- History, 20th Cent. (Medicine) --- Twentieth Century Histories --- Twentieth Century History --- Attitudes --- Opinions --- Opinion --- Intention --- Animal Care and Use Committees --- Animal Ethics Committees --- IACUC --- Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees --- Animal Care Committee --- Animal Ethics Committee --- Committee, Animal Care --- Committee, Animal Ethics --- Committees, Animal Care --- Committees, Animal Ethics --- Ethics Committee, Animal --- Ethics Committees, Animal --- IACUCs --- Ethics Committees --- Conservatism --- Decentralization --- Liberalism --- Political Factors --- Voting --- Political Activity --- Activities, Political --- Activity, Political --- Factor, Political --- Factors, Political --- Political Activities --- Political Factor --- Dissent and Disputes --- Alternatives to Animal Testing --- Alternative, Animal Testing --- Alternatives, Animal Testing --- Animal Testing Alternative --- Testing Alternative, Animal --- Testing Alternatives, Animal --- Analysis, Policy --- Policy Analysis --- Policy Development --- Analyses, Policy --- Development, Policy --- Developments, Policy --- Making, Policy --- Policy Analyses --- Policy Developments --- Decision Making --- Decision Making, Organizational --- Psychological Stress --- Stress, Psychologic --- Stressor, Psychological --- Life Stress --- Life Stresses --- Psychologic Stress --- Psychological Stresses --- Psychological Stressor --- Psychological Stressors --- Stress, Life --- Stresses, Life --- Stresses, Psychological --- Stressors, Psychological --- Speciesism --- Rights, Animal --- Area Analysis --- Estimation Technics --- Estimation Techniques --- Indirect Estimation Technics --- Indirect Estimation Techniques --- Multiple Classification Analysis --- Service Statistics --- Statistical Study --- Statistics, Service --- Tables and Charts as Topic --- Analyses, Area --- Analyses, Multiple Classification --- Area Analyses --- Classification Analyses, Multiple --- Classification Analysis, Multiple --- Estimation Technic, Indirect --- Estimation Technics, Indirect --- Estimation Technique --- Estimation Technique, Indirect --- Estimation Techniques, Indirect --- Indirect Estimation Technic --- Indirect Estimation Technique --- Multiple Classification Analyses --- Statistical Studies --- Studies, Statistical --- Study, Statistical --- Technic, Indirect Estimation --- Technics, Estimation --- Technics, Indirect Estimation --- Technique, Estimation --- Technique, Indirect Estimation --- Techniques, Estimation --- Techniques, Indirect Estimation --- Aspects, Historical --- Historical Aspects --- Aspect, Historical --- Historical Aspect --- Histories --- Activities, Educational --- Educational Activities --- Workshops --- Literacy Programs --- Training Programs --- Activity, Educational --- Educational Activity --- Literacy Program --- Program, Literacy --- Program, Training --- Programs, Literacy --- Programs, Training --- Training Program --- Workshop --- Students --- Animal Cruelty --- Cruelty, Animal --- Welfare, Animal --- Vivisection --- Euthanasia, Animal --- Financial Supports --- Support, Financial --- Supports, Financial --- Gift Giving --- Constitutional Amendments --- Health Legislation as Topic --- Laws and Statutes --- Legislation, Health --- Model Legislation --- Population Law --- Statutes and Laws --- Health Legislation --- Amendment, Constitutional --- Amendments, Constitutional --- Constitutional Amendment --- Law, Population --- Laws, Population --- Legislation, Model --- Population Laws --- Egoism --- Ethical Issues --- Metaethics --- Moral Policy --- Natural Law --- Situational Ethics --- Ethical Issue --- Ethics, Situational --- Issue, Ethical --- Issues, Ethical --- Law, Natural --- Laws, Natural --- Moral Policies --- Natural Laws --- Policies, Moral --- Policy, Moral --- Censorship, Research --- Affirmative Action --- Migration Policy --- Population Policy --- Social Protection --- Social Policy --- Action, Affirmative --- Migration Policies --- Policies, Migration --- Policies, Population --- Policies, Public --- Policies, Social --- Policy, Migration --- Policy, Population --- Policy, Public --- Policy, Social --- Population Policies --- Protection, Social --- Public Policies --- Social Policies --- Tertiary Sector --- Industries --- Sector, Tertiary --- Sectors, Tertiary --- Tertiary Sectors --- Commerce --- Ethics, Business --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- Government Regulation and Oversight --- Government Regulations --- Regulation, Government --- Regulations, Government --- Electronic Publishing --- Publishing, Electronic --- Electronic Publishings --- Publishings, Electronic --- Book Industry --- Globalization --- International Aspects --- International Perspectives --- International Relations --- Multinational Aspects --- Multinational Perspectives --- Aspect, International --- Aspect, Multinational --- Aspects, International --- Aspects, Multinational --- International Aspect --- International Perspective --- Multinational Aspect --- Multinational Perspective --- Perspective, International --- Perspective, Multinational --- Perspectives, International --- Perspectives, Multinational --- Relations, International --- International Law --- Medical Ethics --- Medicine --- Professionalism --- Bioethics --- Editorial Policy --- Policies, Editorial --- Policy, Editorial --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Animal Experimental Use --- Animal Experiments --- Animal Research --- Animal Experiment --- Animal Experimental Uses --- Experiment, Animal --- Experimental Use, Animal --- Experimental Uses, Animal --- Experimentation, Animal --- Experiments, Animal --- Research, Animal --- Models, Animal --- Bioethical Issues --- Preparations, Standard --- Standardization --- Standards --- Standard Preparations --- Standards, Reference --- Preparation, Standard --- Reference Standard --- Standard Preparation --- Standard, Reference --- Quality Control --- Laboratory Animals --- Animal, Laboratory --- Laboratory Animal --- Disease Models, Animal --- Biomedical Research --- Assaultive Behavior --- Atrocities --- Behavior, Assaultive --- Structural Violence --- Violence, Structural --- Biological Warfare --- Riots --- Warfare --- Crime Victims --- Treaties --- Foreign Aid --- Aid, Foreign --- Cooperation, International --- Treaty --- Review, Ethical --- Peer Review --- Ache --- Pain, Burning --- Pain, Crushing --- Pain, Migratory --- Pain, Radiating --- Pain, Splitting --- Suffering, Physical --- Aches --- Burning Pain --- Burning Pains --- Crushing Pain --- Crushing Pains --- Migratory Pain --- Migratory Pains --- Pains, Burning --- Pains, Crushing --- Pains, Migratory --- Pains, Radiating --- Pains, Splitting --- Physical Suffering --- Physical Sufferings --- Radiating Pain --- Radiating Pains --- Splitting Pain --- Splitting Pains --- Sufferings, Physical --- Analgesia --- Pain Insensitivity, Congenital --- Analgesics --- Hyperalgesia --- Palliative Care --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Moral and ethical aspects --- physiology --- methods --- ethics --- education --- Interpersonal Violence --- Violent Crime --- Crime, Violent --- Interpersonal Violences --- Violence, Interpersonal --- Violences, Interpersonal --- Violent Crimes --- Animal Research Alternatives --- Alternative, Animal Research --- Alternatives, Animal Research --- Animal Research Alternative --- Research Alternative, Animal --- Research Alternatives, Animal --- Wildlife Trade --- Psychiatry --- Psychological Phenomena --- Occupations

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