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Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Provence (France) --- Civilization --- Congresses --- History --- Civilisation --- Congrès --- Histoire --- -Provence (France) --- -Civilization --- -Congresses --- Congrès --- Prouince (France) --- Province (France) --- Provenza (France) --- Provence-Côte d'Azur (France) --- Aix (France) --- Aquae Sextiae (France) --- Colonia Aquensis (France) --- Congresses. --- Ais de Provença (France) --- Ais de Prouvènço (France) --- Aics (France) --- Aix-en-Provence (France) - Civilization - Congresses --- Provence (France) - Civilization - Congresses --- Aix-en-provence (france) --- Provence (france) --- Vie intellectuelle --- 18e siecle

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Upper class --- History --- Provence (France) --- Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Social life and customs --- Histoire --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Upper classes --- -Upper class --- -Fashionable society --- High society --- Society, High --- Social classes --- -History --- -Provence (France) --- -Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Fashionable society --- Aix (France) --- Aquae Sextiae (France) --- Colonia Aquensis (France) --- History. --- Social life and customs. --- Ais de Provença (France) --- Ais de Prouvènço (France) --- Aics (France) --- Upper class - France - Provence - History - 18th century --- Provence (France) - History --- Aix-en-Provence (France) - History --- Provence (France) - Social life and customs

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Christian church history --- anno 1500-1599 --- Aix-en-Provence --- Catholic Church --- History --- Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Church history --- 27 <44 AIX-EN-PROVENCE> --- Kerkgeschiedenis--Frankrijk--AIX-EN-PROVENCE --- -Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- -Aix-en-Provence (France) --- -Church history --- -History --- Aix (France) --- Aquae Sextiae (France) --- Colonia Aquensis (France) --- Church history. --- Ais de Provença (France) --- Ais de Prouvènço (France) --- Aics (France) --- Church of Rome --- Aix-en-Provence (France) - Church history --- AIX-EN-PROVENCE (FRANCE) --- PROVENCE (FRANCE) --- CLERGE --- HISTOIRE --- 16E SICECLE --- HISTOIRE RELIGIEUSE --- 16E SIECLE --- FRANCE

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Election law --- -Elections --- -Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Elections --- Law, Election --- Constitutional law --- History --- -History --- -Law and legislation --- Aix-en-Provence (France) --- -France --- Politics and government --- -Election law --- -Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Aix (France) --- Aquae Sextiae (France) --- Colonia Aquensis (France) --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Electoral politics --- Law and legislation --- France --- Politics and government. --- Ais de Provença (France) --- Ais de Prouvènço (France) --- Aics (France) --- Electoral law

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Originally published in 1976. This book is a study of the charitable institutions of one French town, Aix-en-Provence. It begins with their foundation during the Counter-Reformation and ends with their dissolution during the Revolution. It details the impulses behind their foundation and describes how they were financed and administered. It also explores the lives of the people they helped. The study is based primarily on surviving records of the charities. These are the same sort of records that charitable institutions today accumulate: entrance registers, minutes of board meetings, account books, and fund-raising pamphlets. Records of the local and central government and court records were also consulted. One purpose of this study is to bring readers closer to the reality of the problem of poverty in Old Regime France. Another purpose is to historicize contemporary perceptions of poverty in the minds of French historical actors.Chapter 1 outlines the social and economic makeup of Aix-en-Provence. Chapter 2 deals with the attitudes and assumptions behind the foundation of the charities. Chapter 3 describes how the institutions were administered and financed, and the many important roles they played in the community at large. Chapter 4 describes the types of assistance available to the poor and the types of people who received it. Chapter 5 discusses the most important alternatives to charity for the needy—beggary and crime. After 1760, the traditional charities entered a period of decline. Both the economic and social realities of poverty, and popular perceptions of those realities, changed drastically after 1760. Flooded by increasing numbers of the poor, paralyzed financially because of declining donations and general mismanagement, repudiated by public opinion, and subject to increasing control by the state, the charities were ineffective and indeed almost moribund after 1760. Chapters 6 and 7 detail these developments.

Fürsorge --- Armut --- Social conditions --- Poor. --- Charities. --- Oeuvres de bienfaisance --- Poverty --- Charities --- Poor --- history. --- History. --- Geschichte 1640-1789. --- Aix-en-Provence --- France --- Aix-en-Provence (France) --- Pauvres. --- Social conditions. --- History --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Social service --- Endowments --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Descriptive sociology --- Social history --- Sociology --- Societies, etc. --- Services for --- Economic conditions --- Aics (France) --- Ais de Prouvènço (France) --- Ais de Provença (France) --- Aix (France) --- Aquae Sextiae (France) --- Colonia Aquensis (France) --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946)