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Demographic changes, such as those anticipated in most OECD countries, have many economic effects that impinge on a country's fiscal viability. Evaluation of the effects of associated changes in capital-labour ratios and the welfare and behaviour of different generations requires the use of a dynamic general equilibrium model. This paper uses an overlapping generations demographic simulation model, which incorporates bequest behaviour, technological change, the possibility that the economy is open to international trade, and government consumption expenditures that depend on the age composition of the population. The model has been further adapted to study the effects of anticipated demographic changes in Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden and the United States. The simulation results indicate that these changes could have a major impact on rates of national saving, real wage rate and current accounts. One of this paper's fundamental lessons is that allowing for general.

Age distribution (Demography)

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Age distribution (Demography) --- Population

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Age distribution (Demography) --- Demographic surveys

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This paper explores cyclical fluctuations in investment due to discrete changes in the plant's stock of capital. To do so, we focus on a machine replacement problem in which a producer decides whether to replace its entire existing stock of capital with new machinery and equipment. This decision is undertaken in a stochastic, dynamic environment which allows us to characterize the relationship between lumpy investment and the state of the aggregate economy. Our theoretical results are supplemented by numerical and empirical analyses of the dynamics of lumpy investment at the plant level and the associated aggregate implications. The dynamics are surprisingly rich since they represent the interaction between a replacement cycle, the cross sectional distribution of the age of the capital stock and the state of the aggregate economy. The empirical analysis of these dynamics is based on plant level investment data for the Longitudinal Research Database (LRD) for the 1972-91 period. Overall, we find that the frequency of lumpy investment activity is higher during periods of high economic activity and more likely the older is the capital. These empirical results are consistent with the predictions of our theoretical model. Nonetheless, the predicted path of aggregate investment that neglects the interaction of the non-flat hazard and the cross sectional distribution of the age of the capital stock tracks actual aggregate investment quite well. However, ignoring the fluctuations in the cross sectional distribution can yield predictable nontrivial errors in forecasting changes in aggregate investment in periods following large swings in aggregate investment.

Age distribution (Demography) --- Capital investments.

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Angesichts des Spannungsfelds aus Gewinnen und Verlusten, neuen Gestaltungsfreiheiten und -notwendigkeiten kann der Übergang in die Pension als besonders sensible Phase für Identitätsarbeit erachtet werden. Dies gilt speziell für die zukunftsorientierte Auseinandersetzung mit Identitätsentwürfen im Sinne von prospektiver Identitätsarbeit. Im Rahmen einer mehrphasigen Mixed-Methods-Studie untersucht Julia Reiner Prozesse und Inhalte von prospektiver Identitätsarbeit beim Übergang in die Pension und stellt in diesem Zusammenhang auch die Frage nach der Bedeutung der individuellen Kapitalausstattung. Durch die Verschränkung unterschiedlicher theoretischer Perspektiven und deren empirische Bearbeitung leistet die Untersuchung einen wertvollen Beitrag für die Identitäts- und Pensionierungsforschung sowie für Fragen sozialer Ungleichheit in diesen beiden Forschungsfeldern. Die Autorin Julia Reiner beschäftigt sich mit verschiedenen sozial- und alterswissenschaftlich relevanten Fragestellungen unter Einsatz von quantitativen und qualitativen Methoden. Zu ihren Interessens- und Forschungsschwerpunkten zählen Identität im Alter, Lebensübergänge und ungleichheitstheoretische Fragen. .

Age distribution (Demography). --- Aging Population.