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Personal pronouns in Japanese form a heterogeneous category. This book investigates their historical development from a functional perspective. It shows that while nouns give rise to personal pronouns through semanticization of pragmatic inferences, the use of non-nominal forms such as demonstratives and reflexives for person referents can be resolved within their original functions, offering little reason to treat them as personal pronouns. The cross-linguistic investigation into the common sources of personal pronouns reveals that the development of personal pronouns from nouns is largely consistent with grammaticalization, but that of forms of non-nominal origins requires separate mechanisms such as spatial/empathetic perspectives and displacement of semantic features for politeness, showing that a one-size-fits-all approach to diachrony of personal pronouns is not sufficient. This book will be of special interest to researchers and students in historical linguistics, pragmatics, and Japanese linguistics, who take a functional view of language.

Japanese language --- Koguryo language --- Pronoun. --- Historical linguistics

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Japanese language --- Grammar. --- Passive voice. --- Syntax. --- Voice. --- Koguryo language

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The word prosody of Tokyo Japanese is often labeled as pitch accent, and is characterized by a steep fall in F0 from the accented mora into the following unaccented mora. The description of Japanese pitch accent in earlier research was primarily based on

Japanese language --- Koguryo language --- Accents and accentuation. --- Intonation. --- Phonology.

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On the basis of the meticulous transcription/observation process of 'Conversation Analysis', this book observes recurrent patterns in sequences where Japanese speakers negotiate agreement and disagreement. It contributes to the growing body of research on 'interaction and grammar' by examining how linguistic recourses are utilized for constructing turns and anticipating the upcoming course of interaction. More specifically, it focuses on the recurrent use of two structurally different types of connective expressions: clause-initial connectives and clause-final connective particles.

Japanese language --- Koguryo language --- Connectives. --- Discourse analysis. --- Pragmatics --- Asian languages

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Long denigrated as dialects of Japanese, the Ryukyuan languages are today recognized as languages in their own right. However, speakers of Ryukyuan languages have suffered from stigmatization, oppressive language policies and domination from outside the Ryukyu Archipelago. As a result, the Ryukyuan languages are now severely endangered. This volume depicts, roughly in chronological order, aspects which have led to the language crisis in the Ryukyus today. Taking account of these factors is.

Japanese language --- Language attrition --- Language loss --- Bilingualism --- Sociolinguistics --- Koguryo language