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Exiles' writings, Iranian --- Iranian literature --- 297 <55> --- 297 <55> Islamisme. Mahométisme--Iran --- 297 <55> Islam. Mohammedanisme--Iran --- Islamisme. Mahométisme--Iran --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Iran --- Middle Eastern literature --- Iranian exiles' writings --- History and criticism

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The Shi'i clergy are amongst the most influential political players in the Middle East. For decades, scholars and observers have tried to understand the balance of power between, Shi'i 'quietism' and 'activism'.The book is based on exclusive interviews with high-profile Shi'i clerics in order to reveal how the Shi'i clerical elite perceives its role and engages in politics today. The book focuses on three ground-breaking events in the modern Middle East: the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, the 2003 Iraq War, and the 2006 July war in Lebanon. By examining the nature and evolution of a Shi'i clerical network the book finds that, far from there being strategic differences between 'quitest' and 'activist' clerics, Shi'i mujtahid statesmen matured, from 1979 in Iran to 2003 Iraq, by way of a pragmatism which led to a strong form of transnational and associated whole in Lebanon in 2006. In doing so, the book breaks down the established, and misleading, dichotomisation of the Shi'i clergy into 'quietists' and 'activists' and discovers that the decision of Shi'i clerical elites to become politically active or to stay out of politics are attributable to their ability to adapt to their political environments.

Shiites --- Islam --- Islam and politics --- 297.16 --- 297 <55> --- Shia Muslims --- Shiah Muslims --- Shiahs --- Shias --- Shiite Muslims --- Muslims --- 297 <55> Islamisme. Mahométisme--Iran --- 297 <55> Islam. Mohammedanisme--Iran --- Islamisme. Mahométisme--Iran --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Iran --- 297.16 Islam: religieuze organisatie; religieuze functies en personen --- Islam: religieuze organisatie; religieuze functies en personen --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Political activity --- Functionaries

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Since the 1979 revolution, Iran has promoted a Shi'a Islamic identity aimed at transcending ethnic and national boundaries. During the same period, Iran's Armenian community, once a prominent Christian minority in Tehran, has declined by more than 80%. Although the Armenian community is recognised by the constitution and granted specific privileges under Iranian law, they do not share equal rights with their Shi'i Muslim compatriots. Drawing upon interviews conducted with members of the Armenian community and using sources in both Persian and Armenian languages, this book questions whether the Islamic Republic has failed or succeeded in fostering a cohesive identity which enables non- Muslims to feel a sense of belonging in this Islamic Republic . As state identities are also often key in exacerbating ethnic conflict, this book probes into the potential cleavage points for future social conflict in Iran.

Armenians --- Christians --- 297 <55> --- 281 <55> --- 28 <479.25> --- 297.116*1 --- 297.116*1 Relatie Islam tot Christendom --- Relatie Islam tot Christendom --- 28 <479.25> Christelijke kerken, secten. Kristelijke kerken--(algemeen)--Sovjetrepubliek Armenië --- Christelijke kerken, secten. Kristelijke kerken--(algemeen)--Sovjetrepubliek Armenië --- 28 <479.25> Les diverses Eglises chretiennes:--general--Sovjetrepubliek Armenië --- Les diverses Eglises chretiennes:--general--Sovjetrepubliek Armenië --- 281 <55> Eglises orientales--Iran --- 281 <55> Oosters christendom--Iran --- Eglises orientales--Iran --- Oosters christendom--Iran --- 297 <55> Islamisme. Mahométisme--Iran --- 297 <55> Islam. Mohammedanisme--Iran --- Islamisme. Mahométisme--Iran --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Iran --- Religious adherents --- Ethnology --- Indo-Europeans --- Ethnic identity --- Religion --- Iran --- Ethnic relations. --- Ethnic identity. --- Religion.

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297 <55> --- Islam and politics --- -Islam --- Politics and Islam --- Political science --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Iran --- Political aspects --- Khomeini, Ruhollah --- Mohammed Reza Pahlavi Shah of Iran --- Rūḥ Allāh al-Khumaynī --- Khamīnī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah --- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini --- Āyāt Allāh Rūḥ Allāh Khumaynī --- Khumaynī, Āyāt Allāh Rūḥ Allāh --- Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Khomeiny, Ruhallah --- Musawi, Ruhallah --- Mūsavī, Rūḥ Allāh --- Rūḥ Allāh Mūsavī --- Khumeini, --- Khumaynī, Rūḥ Allāh al-Mūsawī --- Khomeini, --- K̲h̲umainī, --- Imām K̲h̲umainī --- Khoumani, R. --- Khomeyni, Rūḥullāh --- H̲umainī, Rūḥullāh --- Khumayynī, Āyat Allāh --- Khomeĭni, Ai︠a︡tolla --- Khomeani, Roohollah --- Khomeini, Ruhollah Mūsavi --- امام خمينى --- خمىنى، رو ح الله --- خوميني، روح الله --- Iran --- Religion. --- Politics and government --- -Theses --- -297 <55> --- -Islam. Mohammedanisme--Iran --- Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, --- Khomeini, Ruhollah. --- Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, --- Moḥammad Rezā Shāh, --- Muhammed Reza Pahlavi, --- Mokhammed Reza Pakhlevi, --- Muḥammad Riz̤ā Shāh, --- Riz̤ā Shāh, Muḥammad, --- Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza, --- محمد رضا پهلوى --- Muḥammad Riz̤ā Pahlavī, --- محمد رضا پهلوى، --- Theses --- Miḧemedreza Pehlewî, --- Miḧemed Reza Pehlewî, --- Pehlewî, Miḧemedreza, --- خمينى، رو ح الله --- خومينى، روح الله --- Religion et politique --- Politique et gouvernement --- 20e siecle