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Infrastructure (Economics) --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- European Union --- European Union --- Europe --- Economic integration.

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This open access textbook provides a concise introduction to economic approaches and mathematical methods for the study of water allocation and distribution problems. Written in an accessible and straightforward style, it discusses and analyzes central issues in integrated water resource management, water tariffs, water markets, and transboundary water management. By illustrating the interplay between the hydrological cycle and the rules and institutions that govern today’s water allocation policies, the authors develop a modern perspective on water management. Moreover, the book presents an in-depth assessment of the political and ethical dimensions of water management and its institutional embeddedness, by discussing distribution issues and issues of the enforceability of human rights in managing water resources. Given its scope, the book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics and engineering, as well as practitioners in the water sector, seeking a deeper understanding of economic approaches to the study of water management.

Natural resources. --- Environmental management. --- Water pollution. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution. --- Aquatic pollution --- Fresh water --- Fresh water pollution --- Freshwater pollution --- Inland water pollution --- Lake pollution --- Lakes --- Reservoirs --- River pollution --- Rivers --- Stream pollution --- Water contamination --- Water pollutants --- Water pollution --- Pollution --- Waste disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Economic aspects --- Water-supply --- Eau --- Gestion de l'environnement. --- Economic aspects. --- Management. --- Distribution --- Aspect économique. --- Gestion. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management --- Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution --- Environmental Economics --- Water --- Water economics --- Sustainable water management --- Water engineering --- Hydro-economic models --- Affordable water tariffs --- Eco-hydrology --- Human rights to water --- Water recycling --- Open Access book --- Climate change --- Environmental economics --- Environmental management, --- Water supply & treatment --- Energy industries & utilities --- Power resources. --- Water. --- Hydrology. --- Pollution. --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Hydrology --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- Environmental aspects

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This paper focuses on classifying market access for long-distance passenger rail services in Europe into three main models and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of these models. The “Tendered Concessions” model aims to introduce competition for the market by which operators are selected in a tendering procedure. The “Monopolistic Network Operator” model aims to sustain network effects by granting a concession to one operator. The “Open Market” model enhances operators’ entrepreneurship by providing opportunities to plan services based on open access to the network. We present the strengths and opportunities, risks and threats without favoring any one model. Classifying the many design options and their different impacts will help to structure the ongoing policy discussion. The paper also gives an overview of the organization of long-distance passenger railway markets in selected European countries, and discusses the development of Germany’s longdistance rail passenger services in particular.

Transport --- Germany

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This book provides an in-depth analysis of the energy transformation process ongoing in Germany, now commonly referred to as energiewende, in the European context, with a focus on the electricity sector. It presents an expert look at the origins of the German energiewende, its concrete implementation, its impacts within the European context as well as medium and long-term perspectives. The authors, internationally recognized energy, electricity, and climate economists at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) and Berlin University of Technology, conclude that the first years of the energiewende have successfully laid the foundation for a renewables-based electricity system in Germany, but that challenges remain in relation to decarbonizing the electricity system and phasing out nuclear energy. The authors also provide ground-breaking insights to inform energy policy in other countries and at the European level. In the outlook, the authors explore upcoming issues, such as coupling between the electricity and other sectors, and behavioral changes of industry and households. The book addresses readers in the energy industry, energy and climate policymakers, regulators, and others interested in the low carbon energy system transformation in Germany, Europe, and worldwide. The question of how to move to lower carbon energy systems is generating broad interest and intense debate in both developed and developing nations alike. This book provides a comprehensive account of how technology, management, and policy decisions are shaping this transformation in Germany, and offers lessons for other countries. Valerie J. Karplus, Professor of Global Economics and Management, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA This book offers unique perspective on the energiewende, a new paradigm in energy and climate policy. It is a must-read for anyone interested in Germany as well as those interested in the European Union because the German energy and climate policy needs Europe, and Europe must learn from the German experience, both positive and negative. This comprehensive book brings together leading academics and experts to consider the various aspects of this fascinating green revolution. François Lévêque, Professor of Industrial Economics, Ecole des Mines-ParisTech, Paris, France This book on the energiewende comes at the right time, as the low-carbon energy transformation in Germany is moving from an electricity focus to an energy system wide approach. The group of authors is well positioned, as academics and policy advisors, to offer lessons from a decade of analysis. They report on success but also on challenges of an important policy experiment. Daniela Setton, Senior Research Associate, Transdisciplinary Panel on Energy Change at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany.

Renewable energy sources --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Government policy --- Natural resources. --- Renewable energy sources. --- European Economic Community lite. --- Economic policy. --- Environmental policy. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- European Integration. --- Economic Policy. --- Environmental Politics. --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- National resources --- Natural resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Economic aspects --- Energy policy. --- Energy and state. --- Renewable energy resources. --- European Economic Community literature. --- Energy and state --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation

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This Open-Access-Book covers different aspects of the low-carbon energy transformation in a unique manner, with a particular focus on two regions, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The first part of the book provides useful insights on changes and reforms in the energy sector of Bangladesh, while the second part illustrates the low-carbon energy transformation in South Asia and the third part covers lessons from Sub-Saharan Africa. In all of these regions, the energy sector is undergoing major changes, driven by the four D’s: Decarbonization, decentralization, digitization, and democratization. Major overhauls are taking place at all levels: The country level, where energy mixes are rapidly changing, the corporate level, where large state-owned and private companies are challenged and new actors are emerging, and the local level, where technical and regulatory change has made citizen engagement and community power an option to replace or at least complement centralized supply structures. About the Editors Sebastian Groh, Associate Professor at BRAC University's Business School (BBS) in Dhaka, Bangladesh; founder and managing director of a startup. Lukas Barner and Georg Heinemann, Workgroup for Infrastructure Policy (WIP) at Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Germany. Christian von Hirschhausen, Professor of Infrastructure Economics and Board Member of the Microenergy Systems Research Group (MES) at Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), Germany; Research Director at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin).

Energy policy. --- Power resources. --- Africa—Politics and government. --- Economics. --- Renewable energy sources. --- International economic relations. --- Energy System Transformation. --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics. --- African Politics. --- Political Economy of Energy. --- Renewable Energy. --- International Political Economy’. --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Energy --- Energy resources --- Power supply --- Natural resources --- Energy harvesting --- Energy industries --- Energy and state --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation --- Government policy --- Energy Access --- Decarbonization --- Integration of Renewables --- Sub-Sahara Africa --- Bangladesh --- Decentralization --- Electricity Access --- Energy Transformation --- South Asia --- Africa --- Politics and government.